Video

Revision as of 19:19, 16 July 2024

Formats related to video and multimedia.

Introduction

• For an excellent introduction to the issues around audio and video formats, see A Primer on Codecs for Moving Image and Sound Archives - and 10 Recommendations for Codec Selection & Management PDF version
• Basics of streaming protocols

Pure video formats

These formats are "monolithic" video formats, meaning that the file format and the encoding of the video data are tied to each other.

See also Animation, Graphics#Animated image formats, and the Video application formats section below.

• Bink Video (BIK)
• CDXL
• DPX
• KWZ
• MTV Movie (.MTV)
• MTV Video (.AMV)
• PPM (Flipnote)
• PSMF
• SGI movie
• Smacker/SMK (created by RadGameTools; mostly used in games)
• VDEO
• Video Master Film
• WTV

Video container formats

These formats are only containers for video, which can contain videos in many different encodings (or even other data like audio).

See also the #Video application formats section below, for some higher-level container-like formats.

• Advanced Recording Format
• ASF
• Camtasia Recording File
• EBML
  • Matroska
  • WebM
• FLV
• ISO Base Media File Format
  • MP4
  • QuickTime
• MPEG Program Stream (.mpg)
• MPEG Transport Stream
  • M2TS (MPEG-2 based packet format used on Blu-ray Discs)
• MXF
• Ogg
  • Ogg Skeleton
  • OGM
• RealMedia
• Replay
• RIFF
  • AVI
• Webex Recording Format
• WOT
• MAGIX Video (.mxv)

Single-stream container formats

• MPEG Elementary Stream
• Packetized Elementary Stream (packet format within MPEG streams)

Video stream formats

A.k.a. codecs, these formats are raw bitstream formats commonly contained in one of the above containers (though some can be used on their own, in one way or another).

• 3ivx (this is just a fourcc for an MPEG-4 variant)
• Apple Intermediate Codec
• AV1
• Cineform
• Cinepak
• Daala
• Dirac
• DivX (this is essentially MPEG-4 with some quirks)
• EVC
• FFV1
• H.261 - See MPEG-1
• H.262 - See MPEG-2
• H.264 (MPEG-4 AVC)
• HEVC (H.265)
• Indeo
• LCEVC
• Moving Blocks - Acorn Replay stream
• MVI2 - MovieCD
• NSV Nullsoft Streaming Video
• ProRes (Apple RAW)
• QuickTime Animation
• Sorenson Video Codec
• Theora
• Thor
• VC-1
• VC-3
• VP8
• VP9
• VVC
• XviD (MPEG-4 variant)

Lossless formats

• CorePNG
• HuffYUV
• Lagarith
• Ut Video
• MagicYUV
• MSU Lossless Video Codec
• MSU Screen Capture Lossless Codec
• ScreenPressor
• TechSmith EnSharpen
• TechSmith Screen Capture Codec (TSCC)
• TechSmith Screen Codec v2 (TSC2)

Video application formats

An application format is a name for a set of restrictions and extensions to a standard container format. It may (or may not) be restricted to a small set of stream formats. Some such formats are called profiles.

• 3G2
• 3GP
• AVC (file format)
• DVR-MS
• Enhanced VOB
• F4V
• MJ2
• MK3D
• MKV
• MP4, M4V
• Ogg Skeleton
• Ogg Theora - See Theora
• OGM
• OGV - See Ogg
• Protected Interoperable File Format (PIFF)
• RealMedia Variable Bitrate
• RealVideo - See RealMedia
• RIFF Multimedia Movie (.mmm)
• VOB
• WebM
• WMV

Standards suites

• MPEG
  • MPEG-1
  • MPEG-2
  • MPEG-3
  • MPEG-4
  • MPEG-5
  • MPEG-A
  • MPEG-H

Metadata formats

• F4M (Flash Media Manifest)
• FilmConservationMetadata
• NFO (Kodi) [1]
• SRR (reScene files)
• SRS (reSample files)
• XnView Frame

Subtitle / Caption formats

• Caption Center (.tds)
• Captions, Inc. (.cin)
• Cheetah International (.asc, .cap)
• CMML (Continuous Media Markup Language)
• CPC-715 (.onl)
• CVD (An SVCD subtitle format)
• DVD subtitle format
• DXFP (Distribution Format Exchange Profile)
• EBU STL
• EBU Timed Text‎
• JACOsub (Subtitles for Amiga video)
• Kate (OGG Kate subtitle format)
• MacCaption (.mcc)
• Matroska subtitles
• National Captioning Institute (.cap, .flc)
• OGT (Philips Overlay Graphics Text)
• PAC Subtitles (.pac)
• SAMI subtitle format (SMI)
• Scenarist Closed Caption (SCC)
• Spruce subtitle format (STL)
• Structured Subtitle Format (SSF)
• SubRip text file format (SRT)
• SubStation Alpha (SSA, ASS)
• SUP (HD-DVD subtitle format)
• Ultech Caption (.ult)
• Universal Subtitle Format (USF)
• VobSub subtitle format (.sub, .idx)
• WebVTT (Web Video Text Tracks Format)
• XSUB (XSUB subtitle format)

Annotation formats

• ELAN Annotation Format

See also Annotation.

Interactive media files

(generally accompany video streams and other multimedia, tying them together in a presentation or user-interaction as on a disc)

• BDMV (Blu-ray disc files for user interactivity)
• CLPI (Blu-ray disc clip info files)
• MPLS (Blu-ray disc playlists)

See also Animation#Animated interactive media.

Video Developer/Editor files

• After Effects (.aep, .aepx)
  • AEX Plugin (.aex)
• AVID
  • Media Composer (.avp, .avb)
• DaVinci Resolve (.drp)
• EditStudio (.eds)
• Final Cut Pro (.fcp)
  • Apple Color (.colorproj)
  • Apple Motion
• Final Cut Pro X (.fcpbundle)
  • FCPXML
• Heroglyph Project Format
• iMovie (.iMovieProj)
• Kdenlive
• MOFF-MODD (Sony PlayMemories)
• 3D Movie Maker (.3mm)
• Windows Movie Maker (.mswmm, .wlmp)
• MAGIX Video Project (.mvp)
• MoviePlus (Serif, .mvp)
• Muvee
• OpenShot
• Pinnacle Studio Video Project (.stu)
• Premiere (.ppj, .ptl)
• Premiere Pro (.prel, .prproj)
• Roxio
  • DMSM (VideoWave project)
  • DMSS (VideoWave SlideShow Project)
• Sony Vegas
  • Sony Vegas project format (.veg)
  • Sony Vegas Movie Studio project format (.vf)
  • Sony Vegas window layout format (.vegaswindowlayout)
• VideoStudio (.vsp)
• Wax
• Wink
• Winmorph
• Wondershare Filmora (.wve, .wfp)

Video streaming services

• Amazon Instant Video
• Hulu
• Netflix Streaming
• Vimeo
• Xfinity On Demand
• YouTube

Television broadcast formats

• BTSC (NTSC with multichannel sound carrier)
• NTSC
• PAL
• SECAM

Also see Chyron for on-screen graphics.

See Radio for more details of how such broadcasts are transmitted.

Teletext

Services that transmitted text or other data within a broadcast signal, and protocols and formats they used

• Ceefax
• NAPLPS (North American Presentation Layer Protocol Syntax)
• Red Button Text

3D video

• Anaglyph 3D format
• Blu-ray 3D format
• MK3D
• SENSIO Hi-Fi 3D format
• Side-by-side 3D format
• Top-and-bottom 3D format

Uncategorized

These formats might eventually get sorted into the above categories, or might not quite fit in any of them.

• avrecode
• AVS
• Cinema RAW Light Canon (.crm)
• Canon XF-AVC
• Canopus ProCoder
• CINE (Phantom) (.cci, .cin, .cine)
• Cinema Craft Encoder
• CinemaDNG
• DL
• EDL (Edit Decision List)
• Elecard
• FIASCO
• Filmstrip (Adobe) (.flm)
• Insta360 INSV (.insv)
• InterVideo
• JPEG XS
• Lenel Video
• Lotus ScreenCam movie (.scm)
• MainConcept
• MASH
• Microsoft Photo Story (.wp3)
• MovieSetter
• NSD (Nero Super Video CD)
• PXL-2000
• RTP
• SheerVideo
• VDR (VirtualDub)
• ZCI

Software

Refer to Video software.

Links

• MultimediaWiki: Video Codecs
• MultimediaWiki: Container Formats
• The trajectory of television
• HTML5 video tag
• MPC-HC: media player for Windows handling just about all video/audio formats
• LG Smart TVs logging USB filenames and viewing info to LG servers
• Lossless vs. corruption (video)
• Library of Congress Recommended Format Specifications: Moving Image Works
• Video Quality Report (from Google) - shows how your Internet connection fares with streaming video
• Excel sheet that plays video and audio
• MediaInfo: software that shows metadata for audio/video files
• HTML5 video guide
• Video metadata standardization project
• A Compressed View of Video Compression
• Death, Lies, and Video Files (on how artifacts of file format conversions can end up enmeshed in political debates)