XFS
From Just Solve the File Format Problem
XFS is a file system created by Silicon Graphics for its IRIX system, where it replaced EFS starting in version 5.3. It was later ported to Linux, where it is used in a number of distributions.
It is a journaling file system, meaning that changes are logged in a journal until they are integrated into the main structure, allowing them to be preserved even if the system crashes before the changes are fully put into effect.
