GeoTIFF
From Just Solve the File Format Problem
GeoTIFF is an extension of TIFF for containing georeferenced images. GeoTIFF files can be read by normal TIFF utilities, though they may unintentionally strip out the geospatial data in the process.
References
- GeoTIFF 1.0 Official specification (from archive.org)
- Main GeoTIFF website at OSGeo Has a good list of references.
- cloud optimized GeoTIFF
Software
Most multi-format image viewers and editors support TIFF to some extent. Applications listed here have been selected arbitrarily.