ESRI ArcInfo Grid
From Just Solve the File Format Problem
ESRI ArcInfo Grid (or ESRI Grid, ArcGrid; "ArcInfo" may also be spelled Arc/Info) is a geospatial raster/grid format from ESRI. There is a binary version (ADF), and an "ASCII" version of the format.
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Identification
An ADF "file" is actually a directory containing multiple files (most with an .adf extension) that don't all use the same format. Some of the files start with bytes 00 00 27 0A FF FF
.