Programming Languages
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Revision as of 21:15, 6 February 2024
Programming languages are languages expected to be executed (interpreted, compiled, etc.) by a machine in order to perform operations or algorithms. They are distinct from markup languages, which represent the structure of a document rather than specific operations to be performed, though it is possible to combine both in a document (e.g., HTML containing embedded JavaScript, or PHP code which includes HTML). Programming language code is stored as source code which may be directly interpreted by a machine or compiled or assembled into executables.
Contents |
Programming languages
- ABC (programming language)
- ActionScript (Flash)
- Ada
- ALGOL
- Anim8or Scripting Language
- APL
- APT
- AppleScript
- Arc
- Arduino programming language
- Assembly language (.asm, .s) (various versions for different machine architectures)
- Aussie++
- Austral
- AutoHotkey
- AutoLISP
- AWK
- B
- BASIC (Beginner's All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) (.bas) -- See also Tokenized BASIC
- Batch file (DOS, Windows, OS/2)
- BCPL
- BLISS
- Blitz BASIC
- BlooP, FlooP, and GlooP
- Bourne shell script (.sh)
- Brainfuck
- Breder
- C (.c, .cc, .h)
- C# (.cs)
- C shell script
- C++ (.cpp, .cxx)
- C+=
- CakeML
- CEEMAC
- CFEngine
- CHIP-8
- ChordQL
- Clipper (programming language)
- Clojure
- COBOL (COmmon Business-Oriented Language)
- CoffeeScript
- ColdFusion
- COMAL
- COMIT
- COW
- Coq
- CORC (Cornell Computing Language)
- CPL
- Crystal
- CUPL (Cornell University Programming Language)
- Cython (Pyrex)
- D
- Dart (was Dash)
- Dern
- dBase programming language
- DogeScript
- Dylan
- Elixir
- Elm
- Erlang
- Expect
- Extended Batch Language (EBL)
- F#
- Fantom
- Fish shell (*.fish)
- Flare
- Flow
- Forth
- FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslation)
- FoxPro programming language
- Free Pascal
- Fusion (.fu, .ci)
- GAMS (.gms)
- GDL Script - scripting language used in ARCHICAD (.gdl)
- Gherkin/Cucumber
- Go
- Graphics Programming Language (GPL) (mid-level language on TI computers)
- Groovy
- HamsterSpeak
- Haskell
- Haxe
- High Level Shading Language (HLSL)
- Hoon
- Hopscotch
- HyperTalk
- IDL
- INTERCAL
- Ioke
- Java (.j, .jav, .java)
- JavaScript (JScript, ECMAScript) (.js)
- JCL (Job Control Language; used on IBM mainframes)
- JOSS
- JSONata [1]
- JSX
- Julia
- Kotlin
- LISP
- LiveScript
- Logo
- LOLCODE
- Lollipop
- Lua
- Lurk
- Machine language (various versions for different machine architectures)
- MATLAB script file (.m)
- MDL (.mud)
- Microcode
- mIRC scripting language
- ML
- MUMPS (Massachusetts General Hospital Utility Multi-Programming System)
- Music Macro Language (.mmi)
- Nim
- Nock
- NetLogo
- Object Pascal (including Delphi)
- Objective-C (.m, .h) (used in Mac and iOS development)
- OCaml
- OpenGL Shading Language (GLSL)
- P (Microsoft)
- Pascal (.pas)
- Pawn
- Perl (.pl, .pm)
- PHP (.php)
- Piet
- PikaScript
- [[PILOT]
- Pixie
- Pixilang (.pixi)
- PL/I
- PLASMA
- PostScript
- PowerShell
- Processing
- Programmable Command Language (PCL), for TOPS-20
- Prolog
- Pyramid
- Python (.py, .pyc, .pyo, .pyd)
- QML
- Q#
- Quorum
- R
- Racket
- Raku
- Rant
- Ratfor
- Redcode
- RenderWare object (.rwx)
- RobotWar
- RPG/RPGLE/RPG IV/RPG ILE (.rpgle, .sqlrpgle)
- Ruby
- Rust
- S
- SAIL
- Scala
- Scheme
- SCODL
- Scratch
- Server Side Includes
- Shen
- Sikuli
- Skip
- Smalltalk
- SNOBOL
- Solidity
- Squiggle
- Squirrel
- Standard ML
- StarLogo
- Swift (Apple) (.swift)
- Swift (parallel scripting)
- SYSDOOM
- Tabloid
- Tcl
- TECO
- TRAC programming language
- TUTOR
- TypeScript
- Verilog
- vim script
- Visual Basic
- VBScript
- Vue.js component files
- WaveGL
- WebAssembly
- Wenyan (文言)
- Windows Script File
- WMLScript
- Wolfram Language
- Wuffs
- ZAP
- Z-code
- ZIL
Logical assertion languages
Query languages
- Fauna Query Language (FQL)
- PRQL
- SPARQL
- SQL
Templates, macros, preprocessors, etc.
For additional macro formats, especially binary formats, see Executables#Macros or automated scripting.
See also Web#Scripts/Applets/Plug-Ins/Frameworks/APIs/Templating.
See Wikipedia:Category:Template engines for another list of template systems.
Other/Miscellaneous
See also
- Development
- Executables
- Interactive Fiction engines often use specialized programming languages for game development.
- Resources
- Source code
External links
Resources
- A comprehensive list of over 2000 programming languages and a small sample programs for each of them is available here
- Rosetta Code attempts to present solutions to the same task in different programming languages.
- Coding for middle-school girls (tips on introducing them to programming)
- Programming language popularity chart (based on Github and StackOverflow activity)
- Top 10 programming fonts
- What’s The Most Popular Programming Language?
- Which programming language should I learn first?
- Why array indices start at zero; historical info
- Code Academy: learn to code interactively online
- Best free sites for learning how to write code
Commentary
- Why you should learn to program
- Meet the 'Refrigerator Ladies' Who Programmed the ENIAC
- The Moderately Enthusiastic Programmer
- My Experience As A Fourth Grade Hacker
- Things I Wish Someone Had Told Me When I Was Learning How to Code
- A problem with the term, programming “language”
- Discussion of creating programming languages in Arabic
- The Last Line Effect
- Visualizing algorithms
- Excavating Code: An Archaeological Record of Software Development
- The art of the bug: Failure should be fun
- Incredibly Strange Programming Languages (presentation)
Humor
- A Brief, Incomplete, and Mostly Wrong History of Programming Languages
- Programming Language Checklist
- Programming languages as Tolkien characters
- Devil's Dictionary of Programming
- This Is Why You Shouldn't Interrupt A Programmer
- Random mashup generator of the King James Bible and a programming book
- What the computer code seen on screens in movies and TV shows actually does
