IPFS
IPFS (InterPlanetary File System) is a peer-to-peer distributed file system. It is accessible via the command-line, and programming interfaces. Data is mirrored by peers and data shared via a content identifier (CID). The CID creates a global namespace for accessing information.
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Example
The following command (provides access to XKCD 927's transcript via the XKCD Archives.
./ipfs cat mfNvocxez2nEChH95BQCLhJLciy5dmwbGW4NofTUvNvgu
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IPLD
Given IPFS treats all objects (even binary objects for the most part) as data, it is possible to use its primitives to created Interplanetary Linked Data (IPLD). This is a fairly nuanced approach to linking data, and is largely being repackaged as DASL.
Reference implementation
kubo provides a reference implementation that allows you to access IPFS locally.