C1 controls

File Format
Name	C1 controls
Ontology	Electronic File Formats Character encoding C1 controls
Wikidata ID	Q574509

The C1 controls are the control characters (code positions 128-159 decimal) which are defined by ISO/IEC 6429:1992 and are part of the ISO 8859 and other encodings. They are not often used, and in otherwise equivalent Microsoft character sets (e.g., Windows 1252) they are replaced by printing characters. It is common in both the web and e-mail for the character set to be announced as an ISO-8859 encoding but actually be in a Windows encoding, including the printable characters where these controls are located in the official standards, making it unsafe for software to even attempt to interpret them as control characters even though that is what the standards technically say to do in such cases. Because of their rarity of use, there is little agreement on their exact meaning and implementation.

Other alternative C1 controls have been used in some applications, such as UK videotex (1982).

Hex	Dec	Abbreviation	Name	Description and uses
80	128	PAD	Padding Character	Not part of ISO/IEC 6429.
81	129	HOP	High Octet Preset	Not part of ISO/IEC 6429. On Commodore computers, sets text color to orange.
82	130	BPH	Break Permitted Here	Follows a graphic character where a line break is permitted.
83	131	NBH	No Break Here	Follows a graphic character where a line break is not permitted.
84	132	IND	Index	Moves the active position one line down.
85	133	NEL	Next Line	Yet another line ending. On Commodore computers, Function Key 1.
86	134	SSA	Start of Selected Area	On Commodore computers, Function Key 3.
87	135	ESA	End of Selected Area	On Commodore computers, Function Key 5.
88	136	HTS	Horizontal Tabulation Set	Sets a horizontal tab stop. On Commodore computers, Function Key 7.
89	137	HTJ	Horizontal Tabulation with Justification	Sets a horizontal tab stop and indicates text should be justified out to the stop. On Commodore computers, Function Key 2.
8A	138	VTS	Vertical Tabulation Set	Sets a vertical tab stop. On Commodore computers, Function Key 4.
8B	139	PLD	Partial Line Down	Moves the active position down to a position suitable for subscripts, or undoes PLU. On Commodore computers, Function Key 6.
8C	140	PLU	Partial Line Up	Moves the active position up to a position suitable for superscripts, or undoes PLD. On Commodore computers, Function Key 8.
8D	141	RI	Reverse Index	Moves the active position one line up. On Commodore computers, used for line feed.
8E	142	SS2	Single-Shift 2	Indicates that the next code only should be interpreted in the G2 character set. On Commodore computers, Shift In.
8F	143	SS3	Single-Shift 3	Indicates that the next code only should be interpreted in the G3 character set.
90	144	DCS	Device Control String	Introduces a device control sequence, which is terminated by ST (0X9C). On Commodore computers, sets text color to black.
91	145	PU1	Private Use 1	On Commodore computers, Cursor Up.
92	146	PU2	Private Use 2	On Commodore computers, Reverse Video Off.
93	147	STS	Set Transmit State	On Commodore computers, Form Feed.
94	148	PCH	Cancel Character	Backspace and cancel the previous character. On Commodore computers, Insert.
95	149	MW	Message Waiting	On Commodore computers, set text color to brown.
96	150	SPA	Start of Protected Area	On Commodore computers, set text color to light red.
97	151	EPA	End of Protected Area	On Commodore computers, set text color to gray 1.
98	152	SOS	Start of String	Introduces a control string, which is terminated by ST (0X9C). On Commodore computers, set text color to gray 2.
99	153	SGCI	Single Graphic Character Introducer	Not part of ISO/IEC 6429. On Commodore computes, set text color to light green.
9A	154	SCI	Single Character Introducer	Followed by a single printing character or format effector. Meaning uncertain. On Commodore computers, set text color to light blue.
9B	155	CSI	Control Sequence Introducer	On Commodore computers, set text color to gray 3.
9C	156	ST	String Terminator	Marks the end of control sequences introduced by several C1 codes. On Commodore computers, set text color to purple.
9D	157	OSC	Operating System Command	Introduces an operating system command, which is terminated by ST (0X9C). On Commodore computers, Cursor Left.
9E	158	PM	Privacy Message	Introduces a privacy message, which is terminated by ST (0X9C). On Commodore computers, set text color to yellow.
9F	159	APC	Application Program Command	Introduces an application program command, which is terminated by ST (0X9C). On Commodore computers, set text color to cyan.

See also

• C0 controls