Shockwave (Director)

File Format
Name	Shockwave (Director)
Ontology	Electronic File Formats Miscellaneous File Formats Shockwave (Director)
Extension(s)	.dcr, .dir, .dxr, .cct, .cst, .cxt, .drx
MIME Type(s)	application/x-director
PRONOM	x-fmt/341, fmt/317, fmt/486
Type Code	MV93, FGDM, MC95, FGDC
Released	≤1995

For Shockwave Flash, see SWF.

Shockwave is a platform and format for multimedia applications, video games, etc. It was owned by Macromedia during most of its formative years, and is now owned by Adobe. It has many names, most of which involve permutations of the words "Macromedia", "Adobe", "Shockwave", and "Director". Director is the application usually used to develop it. It is distinct from SWF (Flash).

The format seems to be based on the RIFX metaformat, though some DCR files are not[1] actually valid RIFX files.

It might be that the DCR files don't work as valid RIFX files due to DEFLATE compression being used on some sections of the file using an undetermined scheme. Presumably a correct application of INFLATE would yield a valid file. An old oreilly[2] book reveals that this compression and decompression step used to be done by a Director Xtra plugin called "afterburner" before it was a built in feature. Afterburner is available on some Mac abandonware sites.

Shockwave also has a plugin system called "xtras" which may complicate the correct interpretation of some files in the future.

Identifiers

File extensions:

• .DIR = Director file (holds an editable project)
• .DXR = Protected (compiled & read-only) Director file; most commonly seen on published CD-ROMs. (.DRX extension has also been seen)
• .DCR = Shockwave (protected & compressed) version of DIR; the normal format for distribution of Shockwave content over the Internet.

Cast Formats

One major element of Shockwave is "cast members", objects that can have scripts and other resources attached to them. These can be bundled together into a "cast" file for modularity.

File extensions:

• .CST = Editable Director cast
• .CXT = Protected (compiled & read-only) Director cast
• .CCT = Shockwave (protected & compressed) cast; to be loaded after a reference by (presumably) a DCR file

Sources: [3] [4] [5]

Software

• http://aluigi.org/papers/bms/shockwave.bms - (direct download) A script for QuickBMS roughly describing how to apply decompression to a DCR file.
• Movie-Restorer-Xtra - "allows Director to open and save Protected and Compressed Movie Files"
• Director Cast Ripper - Exports assets and information from Director movies and casts
• Recover-CCT - "recovers" protected movie and cast files
• drxextract - "Script to extract contents from Macromedia Director 4.0 and 5.0 DRX files... [a]lso can extract contents from 'updated' Macromedia Director DRI files"
• D4Player - Open-source player for Shockwave 4 files
• ScummVM - Open-source player for early Director movies. See their wiki for compatibility information.
• Adobe Shockwave Player installers for Windows & Mac OS X
• Standalone Director players for Windows
• dirOpener - Removes the protection from CXT/DXR/DCR files yielding readable files

Sample files

• Sfanta Scriptura (BOR 2001, editie jubiliara)
• dexvert samples — archive/macromediaDirector
• Director, CXT and SWA samples

Links

• Wikipedia:Adobe Shockwave
• Wikipedia:Adobe Director
• Wikipedia:Adobe Shockwave Player
• Xtras installed with Adobe Shockwave Player - Adobe's list of default extras installed with shockwave
• Schockabsorber - Has some very rudimentary reverse engineering of the Director format.
• Adobe Shockwave - A case study on memory disclosure - This contains some useful specifics on the format, specifically for the purposes of building a security exploit.
• Shockwave .DCR - ZenHAX (Archive.org) - A thread on a game reverse engineering forum discussing the DCR format
• A Tour of the Adobe Director File Format

See Also

• Lingo bytecode, used in compiled Shockwave files

Editors' notes

The PRONOM database claims that the PC version of Director creates files that begin with "RIFX" (i.e. big-endian), and the Macintosh version creates files that begin with "XFIR" (little-endian). This is backwards.