C1 controls
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The '''C1 controls''' are the control characters (code positions 128-159 decimal) which are defined by ISO/IEC 6429:1992 and are part of the [[ISO 8859]] and other encodings. They are not often used, and in otherwise equivalent Microsoft character sets (e.g., Windows 1252) they are replaced by printing characters. It is common in both the web and e-mail for the character set to be announced as an ISO-8859 encoding but actually be in a Windows encoding, including the printable characters where these controls are located in the official standards, making it unsafe for software to even attempt to interpret them as control characters even though that is what the standards technically say to do in such cases. Because of their rarity of use, there is little agreement on their exact meaning and implementation. | The '''C1 controls''' are the control characters (code positions 128-159 decimal) which are defined by ISO/IEC 6429:1992 and are part of the [[ISO 8859]] and other encodings. They are not often used, and in otherwise equivalent Microsoft character sets (e.g., Windows 1252) they are replaced by printing characters. It is common in both the web and e-mail for the character set to be announced as an ISO-8859 encoding but actually be in a Windows encoding, including the printable characters where these controls are located in the official standards, making it unsafe for software to even attempt to interpret them as control characters even though that is what the standards technically say to do in such cases. Because of their rarity of use, there is little agreement on their exact meaning and implementation. | ||
Latest revision as of 05:49, 18 March 2022
The C1 controls are the control characters (code positions 128-159 decimal) which are defined by ISO/IEC 6429:1992 and are part of the ISO 8859 and other encodings. They are not often used, and in otherwise equivalent Microsoft character sets (e.g., Windows 1252) they are replaced by printing characters. It is common in both the web and e-mail for the character set to be announced as an ISO-8859 encoding but actually be in a Windows encoding, including the printable characters where these controls are located in the official standards, making it unsafe for software to even attempt to interpret them as control characters even though that is what the standards technically say to do in such cases. Because of their rarity of use, there is little agreement on their exact meaning and implementation.
Other alternative C1 controls have been used in some applications, such as UK videotex (1982).
| Hex | Dec | Abbreviation | Name | Description and uses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 80 | 128 | PAD | Padding Character | Not part of ISO/IEC 6429. |
| 81 | 129 | HOP | High Octet Preset | Not part of ISO/IEC 6429. On Commodore computers, sets text color to orange. |
| 82 | 130 | BPH | Break Permitted Here | Follows a graphic character where a line break is permitted. |
| 83 | 131 | NBH | No Break Here | Follows a graphic character where a line break is not permitted. |
| 84 | 132 | IND | Index | Moves the active position one line down. |
| 85 | 133 | NEL | Next Line | Yet another line ending. On Commodore computers, Function Key 1. |
| 86 | 134 | SSA | Start of Selected Area | On Commodore computers, Function Key 3. |
| 87 | 135 | ESA | End of Selected Area | On Commodore computers, Function Key 5. |
| 88 | 136 | HTS | Horizontal Tabulation Set | Sets a horizontal tab stop. On Commodore computers, Function Key 7. |
| 89 | 137 | HTJ | Horizontal Tabulation with Justification | Sets a horizontal tab stop and indicates text should be justified out to the stop. On Commodore computers, Function Key 2. |
| 8A | 138 | VTS | Vertical Tabulation Set | Sets a vertical tab stop. On Commodore computers, Function Key 4. |
| 8B | 139 | PLD | Partial Line Down | Moves the active position down to a position suitable for subscripts, or undoes PLU. On Commodore computers, Function Key 6. |
| 8C | 140 | PLU | Partial Line Up | Moves the active position up to a position suitable for superscripts, or undoes PLD. On Commodore computers, Function Key 8. |
| 8D | 141 | RI | Reverse Index | Moves the active position one line up. On Commodore computers, used for line feed. |
| 8E | 142 | SS2 | Single-Shift 2 | Indicates that the next code only should be interpreted in the G2 character set. On Commodore computers, Shift In. |
| 8F | 143 | SS3 | Single-Shift 3 | Indicates that the next code only should be interpreted in the G3 character set. |
| 90 | 144 | DCS | Device Control String | Introduces a device control sequence, which is terminated by ST (0X9C). On Commodore computers, sets text color to black. |
| 91 | 145 | PU1 | Private Use 1 | On Commodore computers, Cursor Up. |
| 92 | 146 | PU2 | Private Use 2 | On Commodore computers, Reverse Video Off. |
| 93 | 147 | STS | Set Transmit State | On Commodore computers, Form Feed. |
| 94 | 148 | PCH | Cancel Character | Backspace and cancel the previous character. On Commodore computers, Insert. |
| 95 | 149 | MW | Message Waiting | On Commodore computers, set text color to brown. |
| 96 | 150 | SPA | Start of Protected Area | On Commodore computers, set text color to light red. |
| 97 | 151 | EPA | End of Protected Area | On Commodore computers, set text color to gray 1. |
| 98 | 152 | SOS | Start of String | Introduces a control string, which is terminated by ST (0X9C). On Commodore computers, set text color to gray 2. |
| 99 | 153 | SGCI | Single Graphic Character Introducer | Not part of ISO/IEC 6429. On Commodore computes, set text color to light green. |
| 9A | 154 | SCI | Single Character Introducer | Followed by a single printing character or format effector. Meaning uncertain. On Commodore computers, set text color to light blue. |
| 9B | 155 | CSI | Control Sequence Introducer | On Commodore computers, set text color to gray 3. |
| 9C | 156 | ST | String Terminator | Marks the end of control sequences introduced by several C1 codes. On Commodore computers, set text color to purple. |
| 9D | 157 | OSC | Operating System Command | Introduces an operating system command, which is terminated by ST (0X9C). On Commodore computers, Cursor Left. |
| 9E | 158 | PM | Privacy Message | Introduces a privacy message, which is terminated by ST (0X9C). On Commodore computers, set text color to yellow. |
| 9F | 159 | APC | Application Program Command | Introduces an application program command, which is terminated by ST (0X9C). On Commodore computers, set text color to cyan. |
