C1 controls

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|wikidata={{wikidata|Q574509}}
 
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The '''C1 controls''' are the control characters (code positions 128-159 decimal) which are defined by ISO/IEC 6429:1992 and are part of the [[ISO 8859]] and other encodings. They are not often used, and in otherwise equivalent Microsoft character sets (e.g., Windows 1252) they are replaced by printing characters. It is common in both the web and e-mail for the character set to be announced as an ISO-8859 encoding but actually be in a Windows encoding, including the printable characters where these controls are located in the official standards, making it unsafe for software to even attempt to interpret them as control characters even though that is what the standards technically say to do in such cases. Because of their rarity of use, there is little agreement on their exact meaning and implementation.
  
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The '''C1 controls''' are the control characters (code positions 128-159 decimal) which are defined by ISO/IEC 6429:1992 and are part of the [[ISO-8859]] encoding. They are also part of a number of other character sets derived from ASCII. They are not often used, and in otherwise equivalent Microsoft character sets (e.g., Windows 1252) they are replaced by printing characters.
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Other alternative C1 controls have been used in some applications, such as [https://www.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/iso-ir/056.pdf UK videotex (1982)].
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NOTE: I'm cloning this from the C0 article and saving it occasionally. There will be gross errors till I'm done. Bear with me or dive in. --[[User:Gmcgath|Gmcgath]] ([[User talk:Gmcgath|talk]]) 12:34, 30 November 2012 (UTC)
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|80||128||PAD||Padding Character||Not part of ISO/IEC 6429.
 
|80||128||PAD||Padding Character||Not part of ISO/IEC 6429.
 
|-
 
|-
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|81||129||HOP||High Octet Preset||Not part of ISO/IEC 6429.
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|81||129||HOP||High Octet Preset||Not part of ISO/IEC 6429. On Commodore computers, sets text color to orange.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|82||130||BPH||Break Permitted Here||Follows a graphic character where a line break is permitted.
 
|82||130||BPH||Break Permitted Here||Follows a graphic character where a line break is permitted.
Line 25: Line 25:
 
|84||132||IND||Index||Moves the active position one line down.
 
|84||132||IND||Index||Moves the active position one line down.
 
|-
 
|-
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|85||133||NEL||Next Line||Yet another line ending.
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|85||133||NEL||Next Line||Yet another line ending. On Commodore computers, Function Key 1.
 
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|-
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|86||134||SSA||Start of Selected Area||
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|86||134||SSA||Start of Selected Area||On Commodore computers, Function Key 3.
 
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|-
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|87||135||ESA||End of Selected Area||
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|87||135||ESA||End of Selected Area||On Commodore computers, Function Key 5.
 
|-
 
|-
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|88||136||HTS||Horizontal Tabulation Set||Sets a horizontal tab stop.
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|88||136||HTS||Horizontal Tabulation Set||Sets a horizontal tab stop. On Commodore computers, Function Key 7.
 
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|-
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|89||137||HTJ||Horizontal Tabulation with Justification||Sets a horizontal tab stop and indicates text should be justified out to the stop.
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|89||137||HTJ||Horizontal Tabulation with Justification||Sets a horizontal tab stop and indicates text should be justified out to the stop. On Commodore computers, Function Key 2.
 
|-
 
|-
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|8A||138||VTS||Vertical Tabulation Set||Sets a vertical tab stop.
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|8A||138||VTS||Vertical Tabulation Set||Sets a vertical tab stop. On Commodore computers, Function Key 4.
 
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|8B||139||PLD||Partial Line Down||Moves the active position down to a position suitable for subscripts, or undoes PLU.
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|8B||139||PLD||Partial Line Down||Moves the active position down to a position suitable for subscripts, or undoes PLU. On Commodore computers, Function Key 6.
 
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|8C||140||PLU||Partial Line Up||Moves the active position up to a position suitable for superscripts, or undoes PLD.
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|8C||140||PLU||Partial Line Up||Moves the active position up to a position suitable for superscripts, or undoes PLD. On Commodore computers, Function Key 8.
 
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|-
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|8D||141||RI||Reverse Index||Moves the active position one line up.
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|8D||141||RI||Reverse Index||Moves the active position one line up. On Commodore computers, used for line feed.
 
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|8E||142||SS2||Single-Shift 2||Indicates that the next code only should be interpreted in the G2 character set.
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|8E||142||SS2||Single-Shift 2||Indicates that the next code only should be interpreted in the G2 character set. On Commodore computers, Shift In.
 
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|-
 
|8F||143||SS3||Single-Shift 3||Indicates that the next code only should be interpreted in the G3 character set.
 
|8F||143||SS3||Single-Shift 3||Indicates that the next code only should be interpreted in the G3 character set.
 
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|90||144||DCS||Device Control String||Introduces a device control sequence, which is terminated by ST (0X96).
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|90||144||DCS||Device Control String||Introduces a device control sequence, which is terminated by ST (0X9C). On Commodore computers, sets text color to black.
 
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|91||145||PU1||Private Use 1||
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|91||145||PU1||Private Use 1||On Commodore computers, Cursor Up.
 
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|92||146||PU2||Private Use 2||
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|92||146||PU2||Private Use 2||On Commodore computers, Reverse Video Off.
 
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|93||147||STS||Set Transmit State||The third of the device-control codes; this one (CTRL-S, also known as XOFF) is often used to pause processes, devices, or output streams, with CTRL-Q (XON) resuming them (though in some cases, any keypress causes output to resume).
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|93||147||STS||Set Transmit State||On Commodore computers, Form Feed.
 
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|94||148||PCH||Cancel Character||The fourth device-control code; not used as much as DC1 or DC3. In DEC TOPS-20 mainframes, usually resulted in output of system status to terminal.
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|94||148||PCH||Cancel Character||Backspace and cancel the previous character. On Commodore computers, Insert.
 
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|-
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|95||149||MW||Message Waiting||In transmission protocols, indicates a failure requiring a re-send, or a negative response to a query of whether the process is ready to proceed.
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|95||149||MW||Message Waiting||On Commodore computers, set text color to brown.
 
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|-
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|96||150||SPA||Start of Protected Area||Signals that a correction may now be received in synchronous transmission protocols.
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|96||150||SPA||Start of Protected Area||On Commodore computers, set text color to light red.
 
|-
 
|-
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|97||151||EPA||End of Protected Area||Marks the end of a block of data divided into blocks for transmission.
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|97||151||EPA||End of Protected Area||On Commodore computers, set text color to gray 1.
 
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|-
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|98||152||SOS||Start of String||Cancels an operation and signals that previously-sent data can be disregarded.
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|98||152||SOS||Start of String||Introduces a control string, which is terminated by ST (0X9C). On Commodore computers, set text color to gray 2.
 
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|-
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|99||153||SGCI||Single Graphic Character Introducer||Marks the end of a physical medium such as a data-storage tape.
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|99||153||SGCI||Single Graphic Character Introducer||Not part of ISO/IEC 6429. On Commodore computes, set text color to light green.
 
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|9A||154||SCI||Single Character Introducer||Used to mark the spot where garbled, missing, or incomplete characters were received due to transmission errors, or various other uses involving place-holder characters.  This character (Ctrl-Z) is also used by MS/PC-DOS to mark the end of a file or input stream, calling it EOF (although CTRL-D, EOT, would have been more standards-compliant and is used by Unix-style OSs for this purpose; however, some DEC operating systems used the CTRL-Z convention and this is what was followed by PC-DOS).
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|9A||154||SCI||Single Character Introducer||Followed by a single printing character or format effector. Meaning uncertain. On Commodore computers, set text color to light blue.
 
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|9B||155||CSI||Control Sequence Introducer||Mapped onto the ESC key on keyboards, this usually signals a user attempting to exit a menu or mode. It is also commonly used in printer and terminal control protocols to signal the beginning of a special "escape sequence" where immediately-following characters are interpreted as commands.
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|9B||155||CSI||Control Sequence Introducer||On Commodore computers, set text color to gray 3.
 
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|-
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|9C||156||ST||Operating System Command||Introduces an operating system command, which is terminated by ST (0X96).
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|9C||156||ST||String Terminator||Marks the end of control sequences introduced by several C1 codes. On Commodore computers, set text color to purple.
 
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|-
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|9D||157||OSC||Group Separator||The second of four separator characters, subordinate to FS, but higher-level than RS and US.
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|9D||157||OSC||Operating System Command||Introduces an operating system command, which is terminated by ST (0X9C). On Commodore computers, Cursor Left.
 
|-
 
|-
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|9E||158||PM||Privacy Message||Introduces a privacy message, which is terminated by ST (0X96).
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|9E||158||PM||Privacy Message||Introduces a privacy message, which is terminated by ST (0X9C). On Commodore computers, set text color to yellow.
 
|-
 
|-
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|9F||159||APC||Application Program Command||Introduces an application program command, which is terminated by ST (0X96).
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|9F||159||APC||Application Program Command||Introduces an application program command, which is terminated by ST (0X9C). On Commodore computers, set text color to cyan.
 
|}
 
|}
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== See also ==
 +
* [[C0 controls]]
  
 
[[Category:File format details]]
 
[[Category:File format details]]

Latest revision as of 05:49, 18 March 2022

File Format
Name C1 controls
Ontology
Wikidata ID Q574509

The C1 controls are the control characters (code positions 128-159 decimal) which are defined by ISO/IEC 6429:1992 and are part of the ISO 8859 and other encodings. They are not often used, and in otherwise equivalent Microsoft character sets (e.g., Windows 1252) they are replaced by printing characters. It is common in both the web and e-mail for the character set to be announced as an ISO-8859 encoding but actually be in a Windows encoding, including the printable characters where these controls are located in the official standards, making it unsafe for software to even attempt to interpret them as control characters even though that is what the standards technically say to do in such cases. Because of their rarity of use, there is little agreement on their exact meaning and implementation.

Other alternative C1 controls have been used in some applications, such as UK videotex (1982).

Hex Dec Abbreviation Name Description and uses
80 128 PAD Padding Character Not part of ISO/IEC 6429.
81 129 HOP High Octet Preset Not part of ISO/IEC 6429. On Commodore computers, sets text color to orange.
82 130 BPH Break Permitted Here Follows a graphic character where a line break is permitted.
83 131 NBH No Break Here Follows a graphic character where a line break is not permitted.
84 132 IND Index Moves the active position one line down.
85 133 NEL Next Line Yet another line ending. On Commodore computers, Function Key 1.
86 134 SSA Start of Selected Area On Commodore computers, Function Key 3.
87 135 ESA End of Selected Area On Commodore computers, Function Key 5.
88 136 HTS Horizontal Tabulation Set Sets a horizontal tab stop. On Commodore computers, Function Key 7.
89 137 HTJ Horizontal Tabulation with Justification Sets a horizontal tab stop and indicates text should be justified out to the stop. On Commodore computers, Function Key 2.
8A 138 VTS Vertical Tabulation Set Sets a vertical tab stop. On Commodore computers, Function Key 4.
8B 139 PLD Partial Line Down Moves the active position down to a position suitable for subscripts, or undoes PLU. On Commodore computers, Function Key 6.
8C 140 PLU Partial Line Up Moves the active position up to a position suitable for superscripts, or undoes PLD. On Commodore computers, Function Key 8.
8D 141 RI Reverse Index Moves the active position one line up. On Commodore computers, used for line feed.
8E 142 SS2 Single-Shift 2 Indicates that the next code only should be interpreted in the G2 character set. On Commodore computers, Shift In.
8F 143 SS3 Single-Shift 3 Indicates that the next code only should be interpreted in the G3 character set.
90 144 DCS Device Control String Introduces a device control sequence, which is terminated by ST (0X9C). On Commodore computers, sets text color to black.
91 145 PU1 Private Use 1 On Commodore computers, Cursor Up.
92 146 PU2 Private Use 2 On Commodore computers, Reverse Video Off.
93 147 STS Set Transmit State On Commodore computers, Form Feed.
94 148 PCH Cancel Character Backspace and cancel the previous character. On Commodore computers, Insert.
95 149 MW Message Waiting On Commodore computers, set text color to brown.
96 150 SPA Start of Protected Area On Commodore computers, set text color to light red.
97 151 EPA End of Protected Area On Commodore computers, set text color to gray 1.
98 152 SOS Start of String Introduces a control string, which is terminated by ST (0X9C). On Commodore computers, set text color to gray 2.
99 153 SGCI Single Graphic Character Introducer Not part of ISO/IEC 6429. On Commodore computes, set text color to light green.
9A 154 SCI Single Character Introducer Followed by a single printing character or format effector. Meaning uncertain. On Commodore computers, set text color to light blue.
9B 155 CSI Control Sequence Introducer On Commodore computers, set text color to gray 3.
9C 156 ST String Terminator Marks the end of control sequences introduced by several C1 codes. On Commodore computers, set text color to purple.
9D 157 OSC Operating System Command Introduces an operating system command, which is terminated by ST (0X9C). On Commodore computers, Cursor Left.
9E 158 PM Privacy Message Introduces a privacy message, which is terminated by ST (0X9C). On Commodore computers, set text color to yellow.
9F 159 APC Application Program Command Introduces an application program command, which is terminated by ST (0X9C). On Commodore computers, set text color to cyan.

[edit] See also

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