PICT

File Format
Name	PICT
Ontology	Electronic File Formats Graphics PICT ; ; ;
Extension(s)	.pict, .pct, .pic
MIME Type(s)	image/x-pict, image/pict
PRONOM	fmt/341, x-fmt/80
Wikidata ID	Q2044200
Released	1984

Latest revision as of 12:14, 20 May 2024

PICT, or QuickDraw/PICT, is a graphics format native to Macintosh computers. It is associated with the QuickDraw API.

Though it is a vector format, it is often used as if it were a raster format. Many files contain just a single bitmap image.

PICT format is complicated and quirky. Although plenty of documentation about it exists, there does not appear to be any single source that provides a reasonably clear and complete specification.

[edit] Format details

When PICT is used as a standalone file format, the file usually starts with an unused 512-byte header, usually with all bytes set to 0. When PICT is embedded as a resource inside some other format, this header is usually not present.

[edit] Identification

A version 1 PICT file has (hex) bytes 11 01 at offset 522 (or 10 if there is no header), and should end with ff.

A version 2 PICT file has bytes 00 11 02 ff 0c 00 at offset 522 (or 10 if there is no header), and should end with 00 ff.

[edit] Application data

Custom application data can be stored in PICT files by using the "LongComment" opcode. Each comment has an integer that identifies its "kind".

A file with a list of comment kinds

Notable comment kinds:

100 is an Application Comment (see below).
220 is used for ICC profile data.
498 appears to be related to Photoshop, though it might also be used for other things.

The "kind" does little to identify the application, or prevent collisions. A better way is to use kind 100, which has a standard way to include a 4-byte application signature.

[edit] Related formats

Many bitmap images are compressed using PackBits.
Opcodes 0x8200 and 0x8201 use a format based on QuickTime or QTIF. This, in turn, is often used as a wrapper for an image in JPEG format.
Macintosh resource file - Often contains "PICT" resources in this format
PICT is used for graphics stored within Keynote documents.
Encapsulated PostScript

[edit] Specifications

Inside Macintosh: Imaging With QuickDraw
PICT File Format Notes
Macintosh Technical Note QD14 (a.k.a. TN21): QuickDraw's Internal Picture Definition - PICT version 1 (from archive.org)
PICT.ZIP - Probably a lot of information here, but in inconvenient formats
Macintosh Technical Note QD06 (a.k.a TN181): Every Picture [Comment] Tells Its Story, Don't It? - PICT Application Comments (from archive.org)
HELIOS ICC profile tagging specifications - Tells how to embed an ICC profile in a PICT file

[edit] Software

[edit] Vector-based software

(software that can process PICT vectors as vectors)

[edit] Other software

Netpbm
ImageMagick (for PICT v2)
image2pict1 (for PICT v1)
IrfanView
Deark (for analysis, resource extraction)
XnView

[edit] Converting

[edit] Converting from PICT

An image can be converted from a PICT using ImageMagick:

  convert image.pict image.png

This example shows a PNG image as the destination image, but ImageMagick supports many other output formats.

[edit] Converting to PICT

An image can be converted to a PICT using ImageMagick:

  convert image.png image.pict

This example shows a PNG image as the source image, but ImageMagick supports many other input formats.

[edit] Using converted images on a classic Mac system

Once converted, the image can then be added to a HFS disk image using hfsutils:

  hmount disk.img                      # mount the HFS disk
  hcopy ./image.pict :image.pic        # copy the PICT image to the disk
  hattrib -t PICT -c 8BIM :image.pic   # set the type and creator codes to ensure that the image is recognised by Mac OS
  humount                              # unmount the disk

[edit] Sample files

[edit] Resources

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 |extensions={{ext|pict}}, {{ext|pct}}, {{ext|pic}}
 |pronom={{PRONOM|fmt/341}}, {{PRONOM|x-fmt/80}}
+|wikidata={{wikidata|Q2044200}}
 |released=1984
 }}
-'''PICT''', or '''QuickDraw/PICT''', is a complex graphics file format used on Macintosh computers. It is associated with the QuickDraw API.
+'''PICT''', or '''QuickDraw/PICT''', is a graphics format native to Macintosh computers. It is associated with the QuickDraw API.
 Though it is a vector format, it is often used as if it were a raster format. Many files contain just a single bitmap image.
-Among other places, PICT is used for graphics stored within [[Keynote]] documents.
+PICT format is complicated and quirky. Although plenty of documentation about it exists, there does not appear to be any single source that provides a reasonably clear and complete specification.
+== Format details ==
+When PICT is used as a standalone file format, the file usually starts with an unused 512-byte header, usually with all bytes set to 0. When PICT is embedded as a resource inside some other format, this header is usually not present.
 == Identification ==
-Version 1 PICT files have (hex) bytes {{magic|11 01}} at offset 522.
+A version 1 PICT file has (hex) bytes {{magic|11 01}} at offset 522 (or 10 if there is no header), and should end with {{magic|ff}}.
-Version 2 PICT files have bytes {{magic|00 11 02 ff 0c 00}} at file offset 522.
+A version 2 PICT file has bytes {{magic|00 11 02 ff 0c 00}} at offset 522 (or 10 if there is no header), and should end with {{magic|00 ff}}.
+== Application data ==
+Custom application data can be stored in PICT files by using the "LongComment" opcode. Each comment has an integer that identifies its "kind".
+* [http://www.opennt.net/projects/opennt/repository/revisions/26/entry/trunk/com/ole32/olecnv32/qdcoment.i A file with a list of comment kinds]
+Notable comment kinds:
+* 100 is an Application Comment (see below).
+* 220 is used for [[ICC profile]] data.
+* 498 appears to be related to [[Photoshop]], though it might also be used for other things.
+The "kind" does little to identify the application, or prevent collisions. A better way is to use kind 100, which has a standard way to include a 4-byte application signature.
+== Related formats ==
+* Many bitmap images are compressed using [[PackBits]].
+* Opcodes 0x8200 and 0x8201 use a format based on [[QuickTime]] or [[QTIF]]. This, in turn, is often used as a wrapper for an image in [[JPEG]] format.
+* [[Macintosh resource file]] - Often contains "PICT" resources in this format
+* PICT is used for graphics stored within [[Keynote]] documents.
+* [[Encapsulated PostScript]]
 == Specifications ==
 * [https://developer.apple.com/legacy/library/documentation/mac/pdf/ImagingWithQuickDraw.pdf Inside Macintosh: Imaging With QuickDraw]
 * [http://show.docjava.com/posterous/file/2012/07/9614410-DOC01.PDF PICT File Format Notes]
+* [http://web.archive.org/web/20010703041301/http://developer.apple.com/technotes/qd/qd_14.html Macintosh Technical Note QD14 (a.k.a. TN21)]: QuickDraw's Internal Picture Definition - PICT version 1 (from archive.org)
+* [ftp://ftp.oreilly.com/pub/examples/9781565920583/CDROM/GFF/VENDSPEC/MACPIC/PICT.ZIP PICT.ZIP] - Probably a lot of information here, but in inconvenient formats
+* [http://web.archive.org/web/20010422094136/http://developer.apple.com/technotes/qd/qd_06.html Macintosh Technical Note QD06 (a.k.a TN181)]: Every Picture [Comment] Tells Its Story, Don't It? - PICT Application Comments (from archive.org)
+* [http://research.stowers-institute.org/efg/ScientificSoftware/Utility/TiffTags/ICC-tag.pdf HELIOS ICC profile tagging specifications] - Tells how to embed an ICC profile in a PICT file
 == Software ==
+=== Vector-based software ===
+(software that can process PICT vectors as vectors)
+* [[Scribus]]
+* [https://www.libreoffice.org/ LibreOffice]
+=== Other software ===
 * [[Netpbm]]
-* [[ImageMagick]]
+* [[ImageMagick]] (for PICT v2)
+* [https://github.com/steventroughtonsmith/image2pict1 image2pict1] (for PICT v1)
+* [http://www.irfanview.com/ IrfanView]
+* {{Deark}} (for analysis, resource extraction)
+* [[XnView]]
+== Converting ==
+=== Converting from PICT ===
+An image can be converted from a PICT using [[ImageMagick]]:
+   convert image.pict image.png
+This example shows a [[PNG]] image as the destination image, but ImageMagick supports many other output formats.
+=== Converting to PICT ===
+An image can be converted to a PICT using ImageMagick:
+   convert image.png image.pict
+This example shows a PNG image as the source image, but ImageMagick supports many other input formats.
+==== Using converted images on a classic Mac system ====
+Once converted, the image can then be added to a HFS disk image using [https://linux.die.net/man/1/hfsutils hfsutils]:
+   hmount disk.img                      # mount the HFS disk
+   hcopy ./image.pict :image.pic        # copy the PICT image to the disk
+   hattrib -t PICT -c 8BIM :image.pic   # set the type and creator codes to ensure that the image is recognised by Mac OS
+   humount                              # unmount the disk
 == Sample files ==
 * http://www.fileformat.info/format/macpict/sample/index.htm
 * http://cd.textfiles.com/cdreview/cdreview66/PCT01_01/PC0101P/
-* http://cd.textfiles.com/fantaziasampler/CLIPART/PCT/
+* http://cd.textfiles.com/fantaziasampler/CLIPART/PCT/ - Version 1
+* http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/geology/lazarus/ch7/pict_plots/ - Vector-only PICTs
+* {{DexvertSamples|image/pict}}
+* [https://archive.org/details/parsons-photo-pics-on-cd-rom-macintosh Photo Pics PICT format for Macintosh]
 == Resources ==
 * {{EGFF|macpict|Macintosh PICT File Format Summary}}, from the [[Encyclopedia of Graphics File Formats]]
-* [http://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/TagNames/PICT.html ExifTool: PICT Tags]
+* [https://exiftool.org/TagNames/PICT.html ExifTool: PICT Tags]
 * [[Wikipedia:PICT|Wikipedia article]]
 [[Category:Macintosh]]

PICT

Latest revision as of 12:14, 20 May 2024

Contents

[edit] Format details

[edit] Identification

[edit] Application data

[edit] Related formats

[edit] Specifications

[edit] Software

[edit] Vector-based software

[edit] Other software

[edit] Converting

[edit] Converting from PICT

[edit] Converting to PICT

[edit] Using converted images on a classic Mac system

[edit] Sample files

[edit] Resources

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