Just Solve the File Format Problem - User contributions [en]

Mind Manager formats

2026-05-13T01:57:04Z

Thorsted:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Mind maps, Topic maps, etc.
}}

The Commercial mind mapping software (Mindjet) MindManager has had several different file formats.

* [[mmap]] (MindManager maps, zip file of XML since version 6 (X5))
* [[mmp]] (MindManager file format prior to version 5 (2002))
* [[Early Mind Manager XML format]] (prior to version 5)
* [[Later Mind Manager XML format]] (possibly mmap??)

===Mindjet MindManager version 6 save as menu===
[[Image:MindManager-formats-save.png|400px]]

File:MindManager-formats-save.png

2026-05-13T01:55:32Z

Thorsted:

File:MindManager-formats.png

2026-05-13T01:52:57Z

Thorsted:

ART (PFS: First Publisher)

2026-05-12T02:16:41Z

Thorsted: /* Software */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|art}}
|wikidata={{wikidata|Q28205717}}
|released=≤1986
}}
:''See [[ART]] for other formats with that name.''

'''ART''' is a bi-level raster image format used for clip art. It is most notably associated with the DOS versions of ''PFS:First Publisher'', a desktop publishing application by Software Publishing Corporation (SPC).

There is a well-known "standard resolution" ART format, and a rarer "high resolution" format used by most of the ART files included with PFS:First Publisher v3.0.

== Discussion ==
The earliest confirmed use of ART format is by ''ClickArt Personal Publisher'', by T/Maker Company. ClickArt Personal Publisher was acquired by SPC, and renamed ''PFS:First Publisher''.

SPC also licensed PFS:First Publisher to Logitech, who released it as ''Logitech Publisher'', mainly as part of a package that included a mouse.

SPC later sold its "PFS" family of software to Spinnaker. One of the successors to PFS:First Publisher is Spinnaker's ''Easy Working Desktop Publisher'', a DOS application that uses ART format.

Spinnaker also developed Windows versions of PFS:First Publisher and PFS:Publisher, but they probably don't use ART as a native format. PFS:Publisher includes a licensed version of ART2WP, to convert from ART to other formats.

== Format details ==
''[Information here was derived from various unofficial sources. It was written for the fileformats.archiveteam.org wiki.]''

=== Standard resolution format ===

{| class="wikitable"
! Offset !! Length !! Field name !! Details
|-
|0 || 2 || left_edge || Almost always 0.
|-
|2 || 2 || right_edge || Width = right_edge minus left_edge.
|-
|4 || 2 || top_edge || Almost always 0.
|-
|6 || 2 || bottom_edge || Height = bottom_edge minus top_edge.
|-
|8 || || image_data || Uncompressed, with rows padded to the next 2-byte boundary.
|}

=== High resolution format ===

{| class="wikitable"
! Offset !! Length !! Field name !! Details
|-
|0 || 2 || marker || Always 0xffff.
|-
|2 || 2 || x-DPI || Usually 300.
|-
|4 || 2 || y-DPI || Usually 300.
|-
|6 || 2 || width ||
|-
|8 || 2 || height ||
|-
|10 || 2 || || Unknown. Observed to be 0x0001.
|-
|12 || || image_data || Each row is compressed independently with [[PackBits]].
|}

After decompression, each row ends with 0, 1, or 2 padding bytes. The number differs by file, with no obvious logic to it; but decoders must figure out the bytes per row somehow. One idea is to decompress the pixels to see how many bytes you get, then divide that by the height.

== Software ==
Official software:
* [https://winworldpc.com/product/clickart-personal-publisher/1x ClickArt Personal Publisher (at WinWorld)]
* [https://winworldpc.com/product/first-publisher/30 PFS:First Publisher (at WinWorld)]
* PFS:First Publisher v1.00: [{{DiscMasterURL|browse/29986/wbiz0020-0029/wbiz0024.tar/wbiz0024}}] → FPDISK*.ZIP (other FP*.ZIP files may be related)
* PFS:First Publisher v2.00: [{{DiscMasterURL|browse/29984/wbiz0000-0009/wbiz0008.tar/wbiz0008}}] → 1STPUB-*.ARC
* [https://archive.org/details/logipub-10/ Logitech Publisher v1.0 @ archive.org]
* [https://winworldpc.com/product/easy-working-desktop-publisher/10 Easy Working Desktop Publisher (at WinWorld)]
* Snapshot/Snap2Art - A screen capture utility usually included with the software (write-only)

Other software (Most third-party software likely only supports the standard resolution format.)
* [[ImageMagick]]
* [[Image Alchemy]]
* ART2WP - A conversion utility for DOS, by William J. Hinkle
** v2.1: {{CdTextfiles|californiacollect/his029/art2wp21.zip|art2wp21.zip}}
** v2.2, Spinnaker licensed: [{{DiscMasterURL|browse/33975/PCPRO_1295.ISO/pfs/utils.lib}}]
* {{CdTextfiles|psl/pslv2nv11/WORDS/DOS/GR_TOOLS/ARTCON.ZIP|ARTCON v1.4}} - A conversion utility for DOS, by Robert Onda
* [[Tom's Viewer]]
* [http://snisurset.net/code/abydos/ abydos]
* {{Deark}}
* [https://discmaster.textfiles.com/view/21317/Hot%20Sound%20&%20Vision.img/hotsv/vision/progs/optics.zip/OPTIKS.DOC OPTIKS]

== Sample files ==
* {{CdTextfilesURL|fantaziasampler/CLIPART/ART/}}
* {{CdTextfilesURL|swinnund/disk3/CLIPART/}} → 1STPUB3.EXE, ARTFILE?.EXE, ART_FPUB.EXE ([[Self-extracting ZIP]] format)
* {{DexvertSamples|image/pfsFirstPublisher}}
* [{{DiscMasterURL|browse/35431/Select%20Demos%20from%20Computer%20Library%20-%201991%20-%20Premiere%20Issue.BIN/pc/sof10000/trial}}] → *.art (champgn.art and computer.art are hi-res)
* Examples whose coordinates are not (0, 0): {{DiscMasterLink|view/29984/wbiz0000-0009/wbiz0005.tar/wbiz0005/CLCKART1.ARC/PORSCHE.ART|PORSCHE.ART}}, {{DiscMasterLink|view/29984/wbiz0000-0009/wbiz0008.tar/wbiz0008/1STPUB-4.ARC/FLOWER.ART|FLOWER.ART}}

== Links ==
* [[Wikipedia: Software Publishing Corporation]]
* [[Wikipedia:T/Maker#T/Maker_Company|Wikipedia: T/Maker Company]]

[[Category:Software Publishing Corporation]]
[[Category:Spinnaker]]

RIFF

2026-05-08T22:27:43Z

Thorsted: /* RIFF type cross-reference */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Metaformats
|locfdd={{LoCFDD|fdd000025}}
|kaitai struct=riff
|released=1991
}}
The '''Resource Interchange File Format''' ('''RIFF'''), alternatively "'''Reverse [[IFF]]'''", is a wrapper or container format, originally developed by Microsoft and IBM. Formats based on the RIFF container include the widely used [[WAV]] (audio) and [[AVI]] (video) formats.

It is similar to [[IFF]]. One difference is that RIFF uses little-endian [[Endianness|byte order]].

See also [[RIFX]].

== Identification ==
RIFF files begin with the ASCII characters "<code>RIFF</code>".

== RIFF type cross-reference ==
Selected "RIFF types", and related articles, are listed below. The RIFF type (also called "form type" or "RIFF form") is a [[FourCC|four-byte identifier]] that usually appears at file offset 8. See also [[:Category:RIFF based file formats]].

{| class="wikitable"
! RIFF type !! Refer to !! Remarks
|-
| <code>ACON</code> || [[Windows Animated Cursor]] ||
|-
| <code>AMV</code> || [[MTV Video (.AMV)]] ||
|-
| <code>AVI</code> || [[AVI]] ||
|-
| <code>BND</code> || [[RIFF Bundle File]] || Defined in the RIFF specifications.
|-
| <code>CDR?</code> || [[CorelDRAW]] ||
|-
| <code>CDXA</code> || [[MPEG-1]] || wrapped MPEG (CDXA)
|-
| <code>DES?</code> || [[Corel Designer]] ||
|-
| <code>LBit</code> || [[LB]] || Also known as Low Bitrate.
|-
| <code>PAL</code> || [[RIFF Palette File]] || Defined in the RIFF specifications.
|-
| <code>RDIB</code> || [[RDIB]] || Defined in the RIFF specifications.
|-
| <code>RMID</code> || [[RIFF MIDI]] || Defined in the RIFF specifications.
|-
| <code>RMMP</code> || [[RIFF Multimedia Movie]] ||
|-
| <code>TRID</code> || [[Trd (TRID)]] ||
|-
| <code>VDRM</code> || [[VDR (VirtualDub)]] ||
|-
| <code>WAVE</code> || [[WAV]] || Defined in the RIFF specifications.
|-
| <code>WEBP</code> || [[WebP]] ||
|-
| <code>sfbk</code> || [[SoundFont 2.0]] ||
|-
| <code>shw4</code> || [[SHW (Corel)]] ||
|-
| <code>MSFX</code> || [[RIFF MSFX]] || Appears to be meta info for .wav's
|-
| <code>MIDS</code> || [[RIFF MIDS]] ||
|-
| <code>STYL</code> || [[RIFF STYL]] ||
|-
| <code>NUND</code> || [[CPR]] [[NPR]] ||
|-
| <code>CAR(A,B,C)</code> || [[Corel R.A.V.E.]] ||
|-
| <code>IDF </code> || [[MIDI Instrument Definition File]] ||
|-
| <code>ACID</code> || [[Sonic Foundry Acid]] || ACD
|-
| <code>imag</code> || [[Easy_CD_Creator|Easy CD Creator]] || contains [[ISO_9660|ISO 9660 filesystem]]
|-
| <code>MDH</code><ref>http://mark0.net/download/triddefs_xml.7z → m → mdl-fs-gen.trid.xml</ref><ref>https://www.fsdeveloper.com/wiki/index.php?title=MDL_file_format_(FSX)</ref> || Microsoft Flight Simulator 3D model ||
|-
| <code>OFM8</code> || [[OFM]] || Melco Embroidery format
|-
| <code>MGX </code> || [[Micrografx Draw]] || Micrografx Designer
|-
| <code>SEKD</code> || [[MAGIX Video Project]] || MAGIX Video Project
|-
| <code>PAN </code> || Canon Spin Panorama ||
|-
| <code>NIFF</code> || [[Notation Interchange File Format]] || RIFX
|-
| <code>Egg!</code> || [[After Effects]] || RIFX
|-
| <code>FGDM</code> || [[Shockwave (Director)]] || RIFX
|-
| <code>CMX1</code> || [[CMX|Corel Presentation Exchange]] ||
|-
| <code>SFPJ</code> || [[CD Architect]] ||
|-
| <code>SPCR</code> || [[SPC Runtime Presentation]] ||
|-
| <code>oakt</code> || [[Action]] || Macromedia Action!
|-
| <code>PRTP</code> || [[Action]] || Macromedia Action! Template
|}

== Specifications ==
* [http://www.aelius.com/njh/wavemetatools/doc/riffmci.pdf Multimedia Programming Interface and Data Specifications 1.0] - RIFF document issued jointly by IBM and Microsoft, 1991-08
* [http://netghost.narod.ru/gff/vendspec/micriff/ms_riff.txt Microsoft Multimedia Standards Update, Revision 1.0.97], 1992-07-29

== Software ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120721010552/http://www.schnarff.com/file-formats/riff/ RIFFPad] [https://www.menasoft.com/blog/?p=34 2]

== Sample files ==
* {{DexvertSamples|archive/riff}}

== Links ==
* {{EGFF|riff|Microsoft RIFF File Format Summary}}, from the [[Encyclopedia of Graphics File Formats]]
* [[Wikipedia: Resource Interchange File Format]]
* [http://www.drdobbs.com/database/inside-the-riff-specification/184409308 Dr. Dobbs: Inside the RIFF Specification]
* [http://johnloomis.org/cpe102/asgn/asgn1/riff.html John S. Loomis: RIFF File Structure]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:RIFF based file formats]]
[[Category:Audio and Music]]
[[Category:Graphics]]
[[Category:Video]]
[[Category:Microsoft]]
[[Category:IBM]]

Category:File formats with extension .fin

2026-05-05T03:20:24Z

Thorsted: Created page with "F"

[[Category:File formats by extension|F]]

Logitech Finesse

2026-05-05T03:19:55Z

Thorsted: Created page with "{{FormatInfo |formattype=electronic |subcat=Document |subcat2=Desktop Publishing |extensions={{ext|fin}} |released=1988 }} Logitech Finesse was early Desktop Publish Software ..."

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Document
|subcat2=Desktop Publishing
|extensions={{ext|fin}}
|released=1988
}}
Logitech Finesse was early Desktop Publish Software on the DOS GEM Desktop system by Digital Research.<ref>https://archive.org/details/PC-Mag-1989-10-17/page/n34/mode/1up</ref><ref>https://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102778312/</ref>

==File Information==
* Finesse Documents use the '''.FIN''' extension. They begin with the hex values {{magic|FC1D23A1}}

== References ==
<references/>

ART (PFS: First Publisher)

2026-05-05T02:34:18Z

Thorsted: /* Software */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|art}}
|wikidata={{wikidata|Q28205717}}
|released=≤1986
}}
:''See [[ART]] for other formats with that name.''

'''ART''' is a bi-level raster image format used for clip art. It is most notably associated with the DOS versions of ''PFS:First Publisher'', a desktop publishing application by Software Publishing Corporation (SPC).

There is a well-known "standard resolution" ART format, and a rarer "high resolution" format used by most of the ART files included with PFS:First Publisher v3.0.

== Discussion ==
The earliest confirmed use of ART format is by ''ClickArt Personal Publisher'', by T/Maker Company. ClickArt Personal Publisher was acquired by SPC, and renamed ''PFS:First Publisher''.

SPC later sold its "PFS" family of software to Spinnaker. One of the successors to PFS:First Publisher is Spinnaker's ''Easy Working Desktop Publisher'', a DOS application that uses ART format.

Spinnaker also developed Windows versions of PFS:First Publisher and PFS:Publisher, but they probably don't use ART as a native format. PFS:Publisher includes a licensed version of ART2WP, to convert from ART to other formats.

== Format details ==
''[Information here was derived from various unofficial sources. It was written for the fileformats.archiveteam.org wiki.]''

=== Standard resolution format ===

{| class="wikitable"
! Offset !! Length !! Field name !! Details
|-
|0 || 2 || left_edge || Almost always 0.
|-
|2 || 2 || right_edge || Width = right_edge minus left_edge.
|-
|4 || 2 || top_edge || Almost always 0.
|-
|6 || 2 || bottom_edge || Height = bottom_edge minus top_edge.
|-
|8 || || image_data || Uncompressed, with rows padded to the next 2-byte boundary.
|}

=== High resolution format ===

{| class="wikitable"
! Offset !! Length !! Field name !! Details
|-
|0 || 2 || marker || Always 0xffff.
|-
|2 || 2 || x-DPI || Usually 300.
|-
|4 || 2 || y-DPI || Usually 300.
|-
|6 || 2 || width ||
|-
|8 || 2 || height ||
|-
|10 || 2 || || Unknown. Observed to be 0x0001.
|-
|12 || || image_data || Each row is compressed independently with [[PackBits]].
|}

After decompression, each row ends with 0, 1, or 2 padding bytes. The number differs by file, with no obvious logic to it; but decoders must figure out the bytes per row somehow. One idea is to decompress the pixels to see how many bytes you get, then divide that by the height.

== Software ==
Official software:
* [https://winworldpc.com/product/clickart-personal-publisher/1x ClickArt Personal Publisher (at WinWorld)]
* [https://winworldpc.com/product/first-publisher/30 PFS:First Publisher (at WinWorld)]
* PFS:First Publisher v1.00: [{{DiscMasterURL|browse/29986/wbiz0020-0029/wbiz0024.tar/wbiz0024}}] → FPDISK*.ZIP (other FP*.ZIP files may be related)
* PFS:First Publisher v2.00: [{{DiscMasterURL|browse/29984/wbiz0000-0009/wbiz0008.tar/wbiz0008}}] → 1STPUB-*.ARC
* [https://archive.org/details/logipub-10/ Logitech Publisher v1.0 @ archive.org]
* [https://winworldpc.com/product/easy-working-desktop-publisher/10 Easy Working Desktop Publisher (at WinWorld)]
* Snapshot/Snap2Art - A screen capture utility usually included with the software (write-only)

Other software (Most third-party software likely only supports the standard resolution format.)
* [[ImageMagick]]
* [[Image Alchemy]]
* ART2WP - A conversion utility for DOS, by William J. Hinkle
** v2.1: {{CdTextfiles|californiacollect/his029/art2wp21.zip|art2wp21.zip}}
** v2.2, Spinnaker licensed: [{{DiscMasterURL|browse/33975/PCPRO_1295.ISO/pfs/utils.lib}}]
* {{CdTextfiles|psl/pslv2nv11/WORDS/DOS/GR_TOOLS/ARTCON.ZIP|ARTCON v1.4}} - A conversion utility for DOS, by Robert Onda
* [[Tom's Viewer]]
* [http://snisurset.net/code/abydos/ abydos]
* {{Deark}}

== Sample files ==
* {{CdTextfilesURL|fantaziasampler/CLIPART/ART/}}
* {{CdTextfilesURL|swinnund/disk3/CLIPART/}} → 1STPUB3.EXE, ARTFILE?.EXE, ART_FPUB.EXE ([[Self-extracting ZIP]] format)
* {{DexvertSamples|image/pfsFirstPublisher}}
* [{{DiscMasterURL|browse/35431/Select%20Demos%20from%20Computer%20Library%20-%201991%20-%20Premiere%20Issue.BIN/pc/sof10000/trial}}] → *.art (champgn.art and computer.art are hi-res)
* Examples whose coordinates are not (0, 0): {{DiscMasterLink|view/29984/wbiz0000-0009/wbiz0005.tar/wbiz0005/CLCKART1.ARC/PORSCHE.ART|PORSCHE.ART}}, {{DiscMasterLink|view/29984/wbiz0000-0009/wbiz0008.tar/wbiz0008/1STPUB-4.ARC/FLOWER.ART|FLOWER.ART}}

== Links ==
* [[Wikipedia: Software Publishing Corporation]]
* [[Wikipedia:T/Maker#T/Maker_Company|Wikipedia: T/Maker Company]]

[[Category:Software Publishing Corporation]]
[[Category:Spinnaker]]

Document

2026-05-04T03:48:53Z

Thorsted: /* Desktop Publishing */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|thiscat=Document
|image=Text-editors.jpg
}}

== General and multi-function ==

* [[602Pro PC Suite]]
* [[ActiveMime]] (format used to store macros within MS Office documents)
* [[Airtable]] (cloud-based documents combining database and spreadsheet functionality)
* [[BeagleWorks]]
* [[COSMI MultiMedia]]
* [[EIOffice]] (Chinese office suite alternative)
* [[Farallon Replica]] ('90s cross platform document)
* [[Google Document]] (.gdoc)
* [[iWork]] (Apple; used for Pages, Numbers, and Keynote)
* [[Microsoft Compound File]] (OLE Compound Document)
* [[Microsoft Office]]
* [[Microsoft Works]]
* [[Office Open XML]]
* [[OpenDocument]] (ODF; OASIS)
* [[OpenOffice.org XML]]
* [[PerfectWorks]] (Novell WordPerfect)
* [[PFS:First Choice]]
* [[StarOffice binary formats]]
* [[UOF]] (Chinese office document format)
* [[Synology Office]] (.odoc, .osheet, .oslides)

== Collaboration ==

* [[Microsoft OneNote]] (ONE, ONEPKG)

== Desktop Publishing ==

* [[3M Printscape]]
* [[3M Post-It]]
* [[Affinity Publisher]] (.afpub)
* [[Calamus]] (.cdk)
* [[Canvas]]
* [[Corel Print House]] (.cph)
* [[Corel Print Office]] (.cpo)
* [[Dynamic Publisher]]
* [[Express Publisher]] (.epd)
* [[GEM Desktop Publisher]] (.gwd)
* [[Greenstreet Publisher]] (.dtp)
* [[Hallmark Card Studio]]
* [[Impression]]
* InDesign / InCopy
** [[InDesign INDD]]
** [[IDML]]
** [[InDesign INX]]
** [[InDesign Book]] (.indb)
** [[InDesign Library]] (.indl)
** [[InCopy]] (.icml)
* [[iPublish]] (.did)
* [[Logitech Finesse]] (.fin)
* [[Microsoft Home Publishing]] (.php)
* [[Microsoft Publisher]] (.pub)
** [[PUZ]] (archived "Pack and Go" file)
* [[The Newsroom|Newsroom, The]]
* [[PageMagic]] (.dtp)
* [[PageMaker]] (originally from Aldus, later Adobe)
* [[PrintMaster]]
* [[PrintPartner]]
* [[The Print Shop|Print Shop, The]] (Broderbund)
* [[PFS First Publisher]] (.pub)
* [[QuarkXPress]]
* [[Ragtime]]
* [[Ready, Set, Go!]]
* [[Scribus]] (.sla, .scd)
* [[Serif PagePlus]] (.ppp)
* [[Timeworks Publisher]] (also released as Publish It!) (.dtp)
* [[Ventura Publisher]] (Corel) (.chp)
* [[VivaDesigner]] (.desd)
* [[VivaPress]] (.vpd)

== Document Processors ==
(similar to word processors and desktop publishing but designed particularly for building structured documents such as technical documentation)

* [[Bikeshed]]
* [[DITA]] (Darwin Information Typing Architecture)
* [[FrameMaker]]
** [[Element Definition Document]]
** [[Maker Interchange Format]] (MIF)
* [[LaTeX]]
* [[Scribe]]
* [[TeX]]
* [[troff]]

=== Documentation combined with source code ===
* [[CWEB]]
* [[Doxygen]]
* [[Javadoc]]
* [[Noweb]]
* [[Pod]]
* [[RDoc]]
* [[WEB]]

== Document storage/exchange formats (non-program-specific)==
* [[AFP]] (Advanced Format Printing)
* [[CSV]] (Comma Separated Values)
* [[Common Ground]]
* [[Data Interchange Format]] (DIF)
* [[DDIF]]
* [[DjVu]]
* [[Envoy]]
* [[FTXT]]
* [[IBM BookManager book]]
* [[OpenXPS]]
* [[PDF]] (Portable Document Format)
** [[XDP]]
** [[XFA]]
** [[XFDF]]
* [[Plain text]] (TXT) (Un-structured text document)
* [[Portable Text]] [https://github.com/portabletext/portabletext]
* [[PostScript]]
* [[RTF]] (Rich Text Format)
* [[RTFD]] (Rich Text Format Directory)
* [[SYLK]] (Symbolic Link)
* [[WWF]] (non-printable variant of PDF)

== Label making ==
* [[Avery Labels]]
* [[P-touch Editor Label]] (.lbt, .lbx)
* [[JWL]] (Roxio Label Creator)
* [[NTI JewelCase Maker]] (.jwc)
* [[Discus]] (.cdl)

== Presentation ==
* [[ARTstor Presentation]] (.prs)
* [[Astound Presentation]] (.asd)
* [[Asymetrix Compel]] (.cpl)
* [[Corel Presentations]] (.shw, .mst)
* [[DemoMaker (R. Janorkar)]]
* [[Harvard Graphics]]
** [[SPC Runtime Presentation]] (.ply)
* [[Keynote]] (Apple iWork/iCloud)
* [[OpenDocument Presentation]] (.odp, .otp)
* [[Persuasion]] (.pr2, .pr3)
* [[PmDraw]]
* [[Microsoft PowerPoint|PowerPoint]]
** [[PPT]] (PowerPoint presentation)
** [[PPTX]] (PowerPoint presentation, XML format)
** PPS, PPSM, PPSX, POT, POTM, POTX, PPTM: See [[Microsoft PowerPoint|PowerPoint]].
* [[SHW (Corel)]]
* [[Stanford Graphics]]
* [[SXI]] (StarOffice / OpenOffice.org) (.sxi, .sti)

See also:
* [[Presentation file creation software]]

== Spreadsheet ==
* [[Ability Spreadsheet]] (.aws, .ast)
* [[As-Easy-As]]
* [[Corel Calculate]]
* [[CSS STATISTICA]] (.css; spreadsheet format used in [[Statistica]])
* [[DeskMate Worksheet]] (.wks)
* [[Full Impact]]
* [[Gnumeric]] (.gnumeric, .gnm)
* [[Google Sheet]] (.gsheet)
* [[Lotus 1-2-3]] (.wks, .wk1, .wk2, .wk3, .wk4)
* [[Lotus Improv]] (.imp, .imx)
* [[Lotus Symphony]]
* [[Microsoft Excel]]
** [[SpreadsheetML]] (XML format preceding later XLSX format)
** [[XLM]] (Excel spreadsheet macro, old pre-XML format)
** [[XLS]] (Excel spreadsheet old pre-XML format)
** [[XLSB]] (Excel binary workbook)
** [[XLSM]] (Excel macro-enabled spreadsheet format, XML version)
** [[XLSX]] (Excel spreadsheet format, XML version)
** [[XLT]] (Excel template, old pre-XML format)
** [[XLTM]] (Excel macro-enabled template, XML version)
** [[XLTX]] (Excel template, XML version)
* [[Microsoft Works Spreadsheet]] (.wks)
* [[Mouse Calc]] (Apple II)
* [[MOXCEL]] (.mxl) [http://yoksel.net.ru/FormatMOXCEL/Zagolovok 1]
* [[MultiPlan]] (early Microsoft spreadsheet)
* [[Numbers]] (Apple iWork/iCloud)
* [[OpenDocument Spreadsheet]] (.ods, .ots)
* [[PC-Calc]]
* [[pfs:Plan]]
* [[Quattro Pro]]
* [[SDC]] (StarOffice spreadsheet)
* [[SuperCalc 3]]
* [[Swift Spreadsheet]] (Atari 8-bit)
* [[SXC]] (OpenOffice.org 1.0 Spreadsheet) (.sxc, .stc)
* [[VisiCalc]]

See also:
* [[Spreadsheet file creation software]]

== Word Processor ==
* [[Ability Write]] (.aww, .awp)
* [[AbiWord]] (.abw)
* [[Ami Pro]] (.sam)
* [[AppleWorks]]
* [[Bank Street Writer]]
* [[Breeze]]
* Brother WP Typewriters
** [[Brother 120k]]
** [[Brother 240k]]
** [[Brother HD]]
* [[Canon Cat]]
* [[ChiWriter]] (.chi)
* [[ClarisWorks]] (Mac) (CWK)
* [[Corel Write]]
* [[Cut & Paste]] (Electronic Arts Home Management Software)
* [[DavkaWriter]] (.dwd)
* [[DeskMate Text]] (.doc)
* [[DisplayWrite]] (IBM)
* [[DotWriter]] (TRS-80, Apple II)
* [[TechWriter|EasiWriter / TechWriter]] (Word processor file format)
* [[Easywriter]]
* [[The Electric Pencil]] (word processor for 8080/Z-80 machines, and later IBM PC)
* [[Envision Publisher]]
* [[EPOC Word]]
* [[FullWrite]] (Mac)
* [[geoWrite]]
* [[HomeWord]] (Sierra Online, Apple II)
* [[HWP]] (Hancom Word, Korean)
* [[HWPML]] (Hangul Word Processor Markup Language, Korean)
* [[IBM Displaywriter]] (dedicated word processing machine)
* [[IBM Writing Assistant]] (.iwa)
* [[Ichitaro]] (.jtd)
* [[JOT]] (Juggler Of Text; experimental word processor by Ted Nelson c. 1980)
* [[JustWrite]]
* [[Kingsoft Office]] (.wps, .wpt)
* [[LocoScript]]
* [[Lotus Word Pro]] (.lwp)
* [[MacWrite]]
* [[Magic Window]]
* [[Maple]]
* [[Microsoft Word]]
** [[DOC]] (Word document)
** [[DOCM]] (Word macro-enabled document)
** [[DOCX]] (Word document, XML format)
** [[DOT]] (Word template)
** [[DOTM]] (Word macro-enabled template)
** [[DOTX]] (Word template, XML format)
** [[Microsoft Word for Macintosh]]
** [[WordProcessingML]] (XML format preceding later DOCX one)
* [[Microsoft Works Word Processor]] (.wps, .wpt)
* [[Microsoft Write]] (.wri)
* [[Mouse Word]] (Apple II)
* [[Mousewrite]] (Apple II; apparently a different program from Mouse Word)
* [[MultiMate Professional Word Processor]] (.dox, .pat)
* [[Nisus Writer]]
* [[Nota Bene]] (.nb)
* [[OpenDocument Text]] (.odt, .ott)
* [[Pages]] (Apple iWork/iCloud)
* [[PC-Outline]]
* [[PC-Type]]
* [[PC-Write]]
* [[Perfect Writer]]
* [[pfs:Write]]
* [[PIE Writer]] (Hayden Software, Apple II)
* [[@PROMT]] (.std)
* [[Psion Series 3 Word]] (.wrd)
* [[QR-Tekst]] (.qrt)
* [[RFT]]
* [[Samna Word]]
* [[ScreenWriter II]] (for Apple II; formerly SuperScribe II)
* [[Scripsit]]
* [[Scrivener]] (.scriv)
* [[SDW]] (StarOffice Writer)
* [[Storyist]] (.story)
* [[Student Writing Center]]
* [[SXW]] and [[STW]] (OpenOffice.org 1.0 Text) (.sxw, .stw)
* [[TAG]]
* [[TechWriter]] (Scientific word processor file format)
* [[TI-Writer]]
* [[Volkswriter]]
* Wang (dedicated word processing machines)
** [[Wang 1200]] (1972; used cassette storage)
** [[Wang OIS]] (1977; used disks)
* [[WordPerfect]]
* [[WordStar]]
** [[WordStar 2000]]
* [[WriteNow]]

See also:
* [[Document file creation software]]

== Screenwriting ==
* [[Adobe Story]] (.astx)
* [[Celtx]] (.celtx or .cxscript)
* [[Dramatica]]
* [[FadeIn]]
* [[Final Draft]] (.fdr, .fdx)
* [[Fountain]]
* [[Hollywood Screenplay]] (.hss)
* Movie Magic
** [[ScreenWriter]] (.scw)
** [[Scheduling Export File]] (.sex)
* [[Movie Master]] [https://www.vice.com/en/article/wxdeay/the-dune-screenplay-was-written-in-ms-dos 1]
* [[Open Screenplay]] (.xml)
* [[Scriptware]] (.scr)

==Indexing==
* [[Cindex]]

== Other ==
* [[ACL]]
* [[CCF]]
* [[Computable Document Format]] (.cdf)
* [[DBT]]
* [[EGT]]
* [[FDX]]
* [[FTM]]
* [[FTX]]
* [[IBM Storyboard Text Maker Document]]
* [[MBP]]
* [[Most]]
* [[Notability]]
* [[OBD]]
* [[ODM]]
* [[OLE 1.0 object]]
* [[OMM]]
* [[OTT]]
* [[PAP]]
* [[PaperLess MicroViewer]]
* [[PDAX]]
* [[Photoshop Text Engine Data]]
* [[PowerBI]] (.pbix)
* [[QUOX]]
* [[RIFF STYL]]
* [[RPT]]
* [[SHS]]
* [[SNP]]
* Tableau
** [[Tableau WorkBook]] (.twb, .twbx)
** [[Tableau Bookmarks]] (.tbm)
** [[Tableau Data Source]] (.tds, .tdsx)
** [[Tableau Data Extract]] (.hyper, .tde)
** [[Tableau Flow File]] (.tfl, .tflx)
* [[UOML]]
* [[VIA]]
* [[WRD]]
* [[WRF]]

See also [[Markup]]

== Links ==
* [http://me.veekun.com/blog/2013/01/09/cvs-and-file-extensions/ CVs and File Extensions]
* [http://forums.xkcd.com/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=107195 Trustworthiness of Information by File Extension] (xkcd comic with discussion thread)
* [http://crookedtimber.org/2011/07/30/text-editors-in-the-lord-of-the-rings/ Text editors in ''Lord of the Rings'']
* [http://standards.data.gov.uk/proposal/sharing-collaborating-government-documents Sharing or collaborating with government documents] (UK government proposal)
* [http://lifehacker.com/four-skills-that-will-turn-you-into-a-spreadsheet-ninj-1525058930 Four Skills That Will Turn You Into a Spreadsheet Ninja]
* [http://documentfreedom.org/en/ Document Freedom Day: Celebrating information accessibility and raising awareness of Open Standards.]
* [http://www.flax.co.uk/blog/2013/11/01/g-cloud-and-open-file-formats-a-cautionary-tale/ G-Cloud and open file formats, a cautionary tale]
* [http://www.msnbc.com/rachel-maddow-show/watch/redaction-rules-how-best-to-keep-the-secrets-258076739607 Redaction rules: How best to keep the secrets]
* [http://qanda.digipres.org//49/a-tool-to-detect-encrypted-office-documents Testing for encrypted Office documents]
* [http://johnmacfarlane.net/pandoc/ Pandoc: Document format conversion swiss-army knife]
* [http://givemetext.okfnlabs.org/ Give Me Text: online converter of various document formats to plain text]
* [http://andybrandt531.com/2015/08/writers-guide-to-word-processing-file-formats/ The Writer's Guide to Word Processing File Formats]
* [http://www.documentliberation.org/ Document Liberation Project]
* [https://archive.org/details/businesscase The Business Case: Office software runnable in-browser at Internet Archive]
* [[Wikipedia:Indexing_Software| Indexing Software : Wikipedia]]

[[Category:Desktop Publishing]]
[[Category:Presentation]]
[[Category:Spreadsheet]]
[[Category:Word Processor]]

Document

2026-05-01T22:30:42Z

Thorsted: /* Desktop Publishing */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|thiscat=Document
|image=Text-editors.jpg
}}

== General and multi-function ==

* [[602Pro PC Suite]]
* [[ActiveMime]] (format used to store macros within MS Office documents)
* [[Airtable]] (cloud-based documents combining database and spreadsheet functionality)
* [[BeagleWorks]]
* [[COSMI MultiMedia]]
* [[EIOffice]] (Chinese office suite alternative)
* [[Farallon Replica]] ('90s cross platform document)
* [[Google Document]] (.gdoc)
* [[iWork]] (Apple; used for Pages, Numbers, and Keynote)
* [[Microsoft Compound File]] (OLE Compound Document)
* [[Microsoft Office]]
* [[Microsoft Works]]
* [[Office Open XML]]
* [[OpenDocument]] (ODF; OASIS)
* [[OpenOffice.org XML]]
* [[PerfectWorks]] (Novell WordPerfect)
* [[PFS:First Choice]]
* [[StarOffice binary formats]]
* [[UOF]] (Chinese office document format)
* [[Synology Office]] (.odoc, .osheet, .oslides)

== Collaboration ==

* [[Microsoft OneNote]] (ONE, ONEPKG)

== Desktop Publishing ==

* [[3M Printscape]]
* [[3M Post-It]]
* [[Affinity Publisher]] (.afpub)
* [[Calamus]] (.cdk)
* [[Canvas]]
* [[Corel Print House]] (.cph)
* [[Corel Print Office]] (.cpo)
* [[Dynamic Publisher]]
* [[Express Publisher]] (.epd)
* [[GEM Desktop Publisher]] (.gwd)
* [[Greenstreet Publisher]] (.dtp)
* [[Hallmark Card Studio]]
* [[Impression]]
* InDesign / InCopy
** [[InDesign INDD]]
** [[IDML]]
** [[InDesign INX]]
** [[InDesign Book]] (.indb)
** [[InDesign Library]] (.indl)
** [[InCopy]] (.icml)
* [[iPublish]] (.did)
* [[Microsoft Home Publishing]] (.php)
* [[Microsoft Publisher]] (.pub)
** [[PUZ]] (archived "Pack and Go" file)
* [[The Newsroom|Newsroom, The]]
* [[PageMagic]] (.dtp)
* [[PageMaker]] (originally from Aldus, later Adobe)
* [[PrintMaster]]
* [[PrintPartner]]
* [[The Print Shop|Print Shop, The]] (Broderbund)
* [[PFS First Publisher]] (.pub)
* [[QuarkXPress]]
* [[Ragtime]]
* [[Ready, Set, Go!]]
* [[Scribus]] (.sla, .scd)
* [[Serif PagePlus]] (.ppp)
* [[Timeworks Publisher]] (also released as Publish It!) (.dtp)
* [[Ventura Publisher]] (Corel) (.chp)
* [[VivaDesigner]] (.desd)
* [[VivaPress]] (.vpd)

== Document Processors ==
(similar to word processors and desktop publishing but designed particularly for building structured documents such as technical documentation)

* [[Bikeshed]]
* [[DITA]] (Darwin Information Typing Architecture)
* [[FrameMaker]]
** [[Element Definition Document]]
** [[Maker Interchange Format]] (MIF)
* [[LaTeX]]
* [[Scribe]]
* [[TeX]]
* [[troff]]

=== Documentation combined with source code ===
* [[CWEB]]
* [[Doxygen]]
* [[Javadoc]]
* [[Noweb]]
* [[Pod]]
* [[RDoc]]
* [[WEB]]

== Document storage/exchange formats (non-program-specific)==
* [[AFP]] (Advanced Format Printing)
* [[CSV]] (Comma Separated Values)
* [[Common Ground]]
* [[Data Interchange Format]] (DIF)
* [[DDIF]]
* [[DjVu]]
* [[Envoy]]
* [[FTXT]]
* [[IBM BookManager book]]
* [[OpenXPS]]
* [[PDF]] (Portable Document Format)
** [[XDP]]
** [[XFA]]
** [[XFDF]]
* [[Plain text]] (TXT) (Un-structured text document)
* [[Portable Text]] [https://github.com/portabletext/portabletext]
* [[PostScript]]
* [[RTF]] (Rich Text Format)
* [[RTFD]] (Rich Text Format Directory)
* [[SYLK]] (Symbolic Link)
* [[WWF]] (non-printable variant of PDF)

== Label making ==
* [[Avery Labels]]
* [[P-touch Editor Label]] (.lbt, .lbx)
* [[JWL]] (Roxio Label Creator)
* [[NTI JewelCase Maker]] (.jwc)
* [[Discus]] (.cdl)

== Presentation ==
* [[ARTstor Presentation]] (.prs)
* [[Astound Presentation]] (.asd)
* [[Asymetrix Compel]] (.cpl)
* [[Corel Presentations]] (.shw, .mst)
* [[DemoMaker (R. Janorkar)]]
* [[Harvard Graphics]]
** [[SPC Runtime Presentation]] (.ply)
* [[Keynote]] (Apple iWork/iCloud)
* [[OpenDocument Presentation]] (.odp, .otp)
* [[Persuasion]] (.pr2, .pr3)
* [[PmDraw]]
* [[Microsoft PowerPoint|PowerPoint]]
** [[PPT]] (PowerPoint presentation)
** [[PPTX]] (PowerPoint presentation, XML format)
** PPS, PPSM, PPSX, POT, POTM, POTX, PPTM: See [[Microsoft PowerPoint|PowerPoint]].
* [[SHW (Corel)]]
* [[Stanford Graphics]]
* [[SXI]] (StarOffice / OpenOffice.org) (.sxi, .sti)

See also:
* [[Presentation file creation software]]

== Spreadsheet ==
* [[Ability Spreadsheet]] (.aws, .ast)
* [[As-Easy-As]]
* [[Corel Calculate]]
* [[CSS STATISTICA]] (.css; spreadsheet format used in [[Statistica]])
* [[DeskMate Worksheet]] (.wks)
* [[Full Impact]]
* [[Gnumeric]] (.gnumeric, .gnm)
* [[Google Sheet]] (.gsheet)
* [[Lotus 1-2-3]] (.wks, .wk1, .wk2, .wk3, .wk4)
* [[Lotus Improv]] (.imp, .imx)
* [[Lotus Symphony]]
* [[Microsoft Excel]]
** [[SpreadsheetML]] (XML format preceding later XLSX format)
** [[XLM]] (Excel spreadsheet macro, old pre-XML format)
** [[XLS]] (Excel spreadsheet old pre-XML format)
** [[XLSB]] (Excel binary workbook)
** [[XLSM]] (Excel macro-enabled spreadsheet format, XML version)
** [[XLSX]] (Excel spreadsheet format, XML version)
** [[XLT]] (Excel template, old pre-XML format)
** [[XLTM]] (Excel macro-enabled template, XML version)
** [[XLTX]] (Excel template, XML version)
* [[Microsoft Works Spreadsheet]] (.wks)
* [[Mouse Calc]] (Apple II)
* [[MOXCEL]] (.mxl) [http://yoksel.net.ru/FormatMOXCEL/Zagolovok 1]
* [[MultiPlan]] (early Microsoft spreadsheet)
* [[Numbers]] (Apple iWork/iCloud)
* [[OpenDocument Spreadsheet]] (.ods, .ots)
* [[PC-Calc]]
* [[pfs:Plan]]
* [[Quattro Pro]]
* [[SDC]] (StarOffice spreadsheet)
* [[SuperCalc 3]]
* [[Swift Spreadsheet]] (Atari 8-bit)
* [[SXC]] (OpenOffice.org 1.0 Spreadsheet) (.sxc, .stc)
* [[VisiCalc]]

See also:
* [[Spreadsheet file creation software]]

== Word Processor ==
* [[Ability Write]] (.aww, .awp)
* [[AbiWord]] (.abw)
* [[Ami Pro]] (.sam)
* [[AppleWorks]]
* [[Bank Street Writer]]
* [[Breeze]]
* Brother WP Typewriters
** [[Brother 120k]]
** [[Brother 240k]]
** [[Brother HD]]
* [[Canon Cat]]
* [[ChiWriter]] (.chi)
* [[ClarisWorks]] (Mac) (CWK)
* [[Corel Write]]
* [[Cut & Paste]] (Electronic Arts Home Management Software)
* [[DavkaWriter]] (.dwd)
* [[DeskMate Text]] (.doc)
* [[DisplayWrite]] (IBM)
* [[DotWriter]] (TRS-80, Apple II)
* [[TechWriter|EasiWriter / TechWriter]] (Word processor file format)
* [[Easywriter]]
* [[The Electric Pencil]] (word processor for 8080/Z-80 machines, and later IBM PC)
* [[Envision Publisher]]
* [[EPOC Word]]
* [[FullWrite]] (Mac)
* [[geoWrite]]
* [[HomeWord]] (Sierra Online, Apple II)
* [[HWP]] (Hancom Word, Korean)
* [[HWPML]] (Hangul Word Processor Markup Language, Korean)
* [[IBM Displaywriter]] (dedicated word processing machine)
* [[IBM Writing Assistant]] (.iwa)
* [[Ichitaro]] (.jtd)
* [[JOT]] (Juggler Of Text; experimental word processor by Ted Nelson c. 1980)
* [[JustWrite]]
* [[Kingsoft Office]] (.wps, .wpt)
* [[LocoScript]]
* [[Lotus Word Pro]] (.lwp)
* [[MacWrite]]
* [[Magic Window]]
* [[Maple]]
* [[Microsoft Word]]
** [[DOC]] (Word document)
** [[DOCM]] (Word macro-enabled document)
** [[DOCX]] (Word document, XML format)
** [[DOT]] (Word template)
** [[DOTM]] (Word macro-enabled template)
** [[DOTX]] (Word template, XML format)
** [[Microsoft Word for Macintosh]]
** [[WordProcessingML]] (XML format preceding later DOCX one)
* [[Microsoft Works Word Processor]] (.wps, .wpt)
* [[Microsoft Write]] (.wri)
* [[Mouse Word]] (Apple II)
* [[Mousewrite]] (Apple II; apparently a different program from Mouse Word)
* [[MultiMate Professional Word Processor]] (.dox, .pat)
* [[Nisus Writer]]
* [[Nota Bene]] (.nb)
* [[OpenDocument Text]] (.odt, .ott)
* [[Pages]] (Apple iWork/iCloud)
* [[PC-Outline]]
* [[PC-Type]]
* [[PC-Write]]
* [[Perfect Writer]]
* [[pfs:Write]]
* [[PIE Writer]] (Hayden Software, Apple II)
* [[@PROMT]] (.std)
* [[Psion Series 3 Word]] (.wrd)
* [[QR-Tekst]] (.qrt)
* [[RFT]]
* [[Samna Word]]
* [[ScreenWriter II]] (for Apple II; formerly SuperScribe II)
* [[Scripsit]]
* [[Scrivener]] (.scriv)
* [[SDW]] (StarOffice Writer)
* [[Storyist]] (.story)
* [[Student Writing Center]]
* [[SXW]] and [[STW]] (OpenOffice.org 1.0 Text) (.sxw, .stw)
* [[TAG]]
* [[TechWriter]] (Scientific word processor file format)
* [[TI-Writer]]
* [[Volkswriter]]
* Wang (dedicated word processing machines)
** [[Wang 1200]] (1972; used cassette storage)
** [[Wang OIS]] (1977; used disks)
* [[WordPerfect]]
* [[WordStar]]
** [[WordStar 2000]]
* [[WriteNow]]

See also:
* [[Document file creation software]]

== Screenwriting ==
* [[Adobe Story]] (.astx)
* [[Celtx]] (.celtx or .cxscript)
* [[Dramatica]]
* [[FadeIn]]
* [[Final Draft]] (.fdr, .fdx)
* [[Fountain]]
* [[Hollywood Screenplay]] (.hss)
* Movie Magic
** [[ScreenWriter]] (.scw)
** [[Scheduling Export File]] (.sex)
* [[Movie Master]] [https://www.vice.com/en/article/wxdeay/the-dune-screenplay-was-written-in-ms-dos 1]
* [[Open Screenplay]] (.xml)
* [[Scriptware]] (.scr)

==Indexing==
* [[Cindex]]

== Other ==
* [[ACL]]
* [[CCF]]
* [[Computable Document Format]] (.cdf)
* [[DBT]]
* [[EGT]]
* [[FDX]]
* [[FTM]]
* [[FTX]]
* [[IBM Storyboard Text Maker Document]]
* [[MBP]]
* [[Notability]]
* [[OBD]]
* [[ODM]]
* [[OLE 1.0 object]]
* [[OMM]]
* [[OTT]]
* [[PAP]]
* [[PaperLess MicroViewer]]
* [[PDAX]]
* [[Photoshop Text Engine Data]]
* [[PowerBI]] (.pbix)
* [[QUOX]]
* [[RIFF STYL]]
* [[RPT]]
* [[SHS]]
* [[SNP]]
* Tableau
** [[Tableau WorkBook]] (.twb, .twbx)
** [[Tableau Bookmarks]] (.tbm)
** [[Tableau Data Source]] (.tds, .tdsx)
** [[Tableau Data Extract]] (.hyper, .tde)
** [[Tableau Flow File]] (.tfl, .tflx)
* [[UOML]]
* [[VIA]]
* [[WRD]]
* [[WRF]]

See also [[Markup]]

== Links ==
* [http://me.veekun.com/blog/2013/01/09/cvs-and-file-extensions/ CVs and File Extensions]
* [http://forums.xkcd.com/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=107195 Trustworthiness of Information by File Extension] (xkcd comic with discussion thread)
* [http://crookedtimber.org/2011/07/30/text-editors-in-the-lord-of-the-rings/ Text editors in ''Lord of the Rings'']
* [http://standards.data.gov.uk/proposal/sharing-collaborating-government-documents Sharing or collaborating with government documents] (UK government proposal)
* [http://lifehacker.com/four-skills-that-will-turn-you-into-a-spreadsheet-ninj-1525058930 Four Skills That Will Turn You Into a Spreadsheet Ninja]
* [http://documentfreedom.org/en/ Document Freedom Day: Celebrating information accessibility and raising awareness of Open Standards.]
* [http://www.flax.co.uk/blog/2013/11/01/g-cloud-and-open-file-formats-a-cautionary-tale/ G-Cloud and open file formats, a cautionary tale]
* [http://www.msnbc.com/rachel-maddow-show/watch/redaction-rules-how-best-to-keep-the-secrets-258076739607 Redaction rules: How best to keep the secrets]
* [http://qanda.digipres.org//49/a-tool-to-detect-encrypted-office-documents Testing for encrypted Office documents]
* [http://johnmacfarlane.net/pandoc/ Pandoc: Document format conversion swiss-army knife]
* [http://givemetext.okfnlabs.org/ Give Me Text: online converter of various document formats to plain text]
* [http://andybrandt531.com/2015/08/writers-guide-to-word-processing-file-formats/ The Writer's Guide to Word Processing File Formats]
* [http://www.documentliberation.org/ Document Liberation Project]
* [https://archive.org/details/businesscase The Business Case: Office software runnable in-browser at Internet Archive]
* [[Wikipedia:Indexing_Software| Indexing Software : Wikipedia]]

[[Category:Desktop Publishing]]
[[Category:Presentation]]
[[Category:Spreadsheet]]
[[Category:Word Processor]]

Discus

2026-04-24T22:20:01Z

Thorsted:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Document
|extensions={{ext|cdl}}, {{ext|cd4}}
|type code={{Type Code|DISC}}
}}
Discus was label software developed by Magic Mouse Productions<ref>https://magicmouse.com/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230407211758/http://www.magicmouse.com/h_discus_detail.html</ref> Development was stopped after version 4 and Apple stopped supporting 32-bit software. Discus was released as standalone software with 1000's of label options, but was also bundled with [[TOAST|Roxio Toast]] in version 5-7 as Discus RE, with limited label options.<ref>https://www.macworld.com/article/176714/toast7.html</ref>

==File Information==
* Discus Projects versions 2-3 had no extension on MacOS, but used '''CDL''' on Windows.
* Discus Projects version 4 used '''CD4''' on MacOS and Windows.

===Format Information===
* Discus Projects versions 2-3 begin with the hexadecimal values {{magic|CDCD0007}} or {{magic|CDCD2007}}. With the next four bytes ASCII string "CANV"
* Discus Projects versions 4 begin with the hexadecimal values {{magic|CDCD0008}}. With the next four bytes ASCII string "PREV"

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Roxio]]

Category:File formats with extension .cd4

2026-04-24T19:12:39Z

Thorsted: Created page with "C"

[[Category:File formats by extension|C]]

Discus

2026-04-24T19:12:19Z

Thorsted: Created page with "{{FormatInfo |formattype=electronic |subcat=Document |extensions={{ext|cdl}}, {{ext|cd4}} }} Discus was label software developed by Magic Mouse Productions<ref>https://magicmo..."

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Document
|extensions={{ext|cdl}}, {{ext|cd4}}
}}
Discus was label software developed by Magic Mouse Productions<ref>https://magicmouse.com/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230407211758/http://www.magicmouse.com/h_discus_detail.html</ref> Development was stopped after version 4 and Apple stopped supporting 32-bit software. Discus was released as standalone software with 1000's of label options, but was also bundled with [[TOAST|Roxio Toast]] in version 5-7 as Discus RE, with limited label options.<ref>https://www.macworld.com/article/176714/toast7.html</ref>

==File Information==
* Discus Projects versions 2-3 had no extension on MacOS, but used '''CDL''' on Windows.
* Discus Projects version 4 used '''CD4''' on MacOS and Windows.

===Format Information===
* Discus Projects versions 2-3 begin with the hexadecimal values {{magic|CDCD0007}} or {{magic|CDCD2007}}. With the next four bytes ASCII string "CANV"
* Discus Projects versions 4 begin with the hexadecimal values {{magic|CDCD0008}}. With the next four bytes ASCII string "PREV"

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Roxio]]

Document

2026-04-24T18:57:25Z

Thorsted: /* Label making */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|thiscat=Document
|image=Text-editors.jpg
}}

== General and multi-function ==

* [[602Pro PC Suite]]
* [[ActiveMime]] (format used to store macros within MS Office documents)
* [[Airtable]] (cloud-based documents combining database and spreadsheet functionality)
* [[BeagleWorks]]
* [[COSMI MultiMedia]]
* [[EIOffice]] (Chinese office suite alternative)
* [[Farallon Replica]] ('90s cross platform document)
* [[Google Document]] (.gdoc)
* [[iWork]] (Apple; used for Pages, Numbers, and Keynote)
* [[Microsoft Compound File]] (OLE Compound Document)
* [[Microsoft Office]]
* [[Microsoft Works]]
* [[Office Open XML]]
* [[OpenDocument]] (ODF; OASIS)
* [[OpenOffice.org XML]]
* [[PerfectWorks]] (Novell WordPerfect)
* [[PFS:First Choice]]
* [[StarOffice binary formats]]
* [[UOF]] (Chinese office document format)
* [[Synology Office]] (.odoc, .osheet, .oslides)

== Collaboration ==

* [[Microsoft OneNote]] (ONE, ONEPKG)

== Desktop Publishing ==

* [[3M Printscape]]
* [[3M Post-It]]
* [[Affinity Publisher]] (.afpub)
* [[Calamus]] (.cdk)
* [[Canvas]]
* [[Corel Print House]] (.cph)
* [[Corel Print Office]] (.cpo)
* [[Dynamic Publisher]]
* [[Express Publisher]] (.epd)
* [[GEM Desktop Publisher]] (.gwd)
* [[Greenstreet Publisher]] (.dtp)
* [[Hallmark Card Studio]]
* [[Impression]]
* InDesign / InCopy
** [[InDesign INDD]]
** [[IDML]]
** [[InDesign INX]]
** [[InDesign Book]] (.indb)
** [[InDesign Library]] (.indl)
** [[InCopy]] (.icml)
* [[iPublish]] (.did)
* [[Microsoft Home Publishing]] (.php)
* [[Microsoft Publisher]] (.pub)
** [[PUZ]] (archived "Pack and Go" file)
* [[The Newsroom|Newsroom, The]]
* [[PageMagic]] (.dtp)
* [[PageMaker]] (originally from Aldus, later Adobe)
* [[PrintMaster]]
* [[PrintPartner]]
* [[The Print Shop|Print Shop, The]] (Broderbund)
* [[QuarkXPress]]
* [[Ragtime]]
* [[Ready, Set, Go!]]
* [[Scribus]] (.sla, .scd)
* [[Serif PagePlus]] (.ppp)
* [[Timeworks Publisher]] (also released as Publish It!) (.dtp)
* [[Ventura Publisher]] (Corel) (.chp)
* [[VivaDesigner]] (.desd)
* [[VivaPress]] (.vpd)

== Document Processors ==
(similar to word processors and desktop publishing but designed particularly for building structured documents such as technical documentation)

* [[Bikeshed]]
* [[DITA]] (Darwin Information Typing Architecture)
* [[FrameMaker]]
** [[Element Definition Document]]
** [[Maker Interchange Format]] (MIF)
* [[LaTeX]]
* [[Scribe]]
* [[TeX]]
* [[troff]]

=== Documentation combined with source code ===
* [[CWEB]]
* [[Doxygen]]
* [[Javadoc]]
* [[Noweb]]
* [[Pod]]
* [[RDoc]]
* [[WEB]]

== Document storage/exchange formats (non-program-specific)==
* [[AFP]] (Advanced Format Printing)
* [[CSV]] (Comma Separated Values)
* [[Common Ground]]
* [[Data Interchange Format]] (DIF)
* [[DDIF]]
* [[DjVu]]
* [[Envoy]]
* [[FTXT]]
* [[IBM BookManager book]]
* [[OpenXPS]]
* [[PDF]] (Portable Document Format)
** [[XDP]]
** [[XFA]]
** [[XFDF]]
* [[Plain text]] (TXT) (Un-structured text document)
* [[Portable Text]] [https://github.com/portabletext/portabletext]
* [[PostScript]]
* [[RTF]] (Rich Text Format)
* [[RTFD]] (Rich Text Format Directory)
* [[SYLK]] (Symbolic Link)
* [[WWF]] (non-printable variant of PDF)

== Label making ==
* [[Avery Labels]]
* [[P-touch Editor Label]] (.lbt, .lbx)
* [[JWL]] (Roxio Label Creator)
* [[NTI JewelCase Maker]] (.jwc)
* [[Discus]] (.cdl)

== Presentation ==
* [[ARTstor Presentation]] (.prs)
* [[Astound Presentation]] (.asd)
* [[Asymetrix Compel]] (.cpl)
* [[Corel Presentations]] (.shw, .mst)
* [[DemoMaker (R. Janorkar)]]
* [[Harvard Graphics]]
** [[SPC Runtime Presentation]] (.ply)
* [[Keynote]] (Apple iWork/iCloud)
* [[OpenDocument Presentation]] (.odp, .otp)
* [[Persuasion]] (.pr2, .pr3)
* [[PmDraw]]
* [[Microsoft PowerPoint|PowerPoint]]
** [[PPT]] (PowerPoint presentation)
** [[PPTX]] (PowerPoint presentation, XML format)
** PPS, PPSM, PPSX, POT, POTM, POTX, PPTM: See [[Microsoft PowerPoint|PowerPoint]].
* [[SHW (Corel)]]
* [[Stanford Graphics]]
* [[SXI]] (StarOffice / OpenOffice.org) (.sxi, .sti)

See also:
* [[Presentation file creation software]]

== Spreadsheet ==
* [[Ability Spreadsheet]] (.aws, .ast)
* [[As-Easy-As]]
* [[Corel Calculate]]
* [[CSS STATISTICA]] (.css; spreadsheet format used in [[Statistica]])
* [[DeskMate Worksheet]] (.wks)
* [[Full Impact]]
* [[Gnumeric]] (.gnumeric, .gnm)
* [[Google Sheet]] (.gsheet)
* [[Lotus 1-2-3]] (.wks, .wk1, .wk2, .wk3, .wk4)
* [[Lotus Improv]] (.imp, .imx)
* [[Lotus Symphony]]
* [[Microsoft Excel]]
** [[SpreadsheetML]] (XML format preceding later XLSX format)
** [[XLM]] (Excel spreadsheet macro, old pre-XML format)
** [[XLS]] (Excel spreadsheet old pre-XML format)
** [[XLSB]] (Excel binary workbook)
** [[XLSM]] (Excel macro-enabled spreadsheet format, XML version)
** [[XLSX]] (Excel spreadsheet format, XML version)
** [[XLT]] (Excel template, old pre-XML format)
** [[XLTM]] (Excel macro-enabled template, XML version)
** [[XLTX]] (Excel template, XML version)
* [[Microsoft Works Spreadsheet]] (.wks)
* [[Mouse Calc]] (Apple II)
* [[MOXCEL]] (.mxl) [http://yoksel.net.ru/FormatMOXCEL/Zagolovok 1]
* [[MultiPlan]] (early Microsoft spreadsheet)
* [[Numbers]] (Apple iWork/iCloud)
* [[OpenDocument Spreadsheet]] (.ods, .ots)
* [[PC-Calc]]
* [[pfs:Plan]]
* [[Quattro Pro]]
* [[SDC]] (StarOffice spreadsheet)
* [[SuperCalc 3]]
* [[Swift Spreadsheet]] (Atari 8-bit)
* [[SXC]] (OpenOffice.org 1.0 Spreadsheet) (.sxc, .stc)
* [[VisiCalc]]

See also:
* [[Spreadsheet file creation software]]

== Word Processor ==
* [[Ability Write]] (.aww, .awp)
* [[AbiWord]] (.abw)
* [[Ami Pro]] (.sam)
* [[AppleWorks]]
* [[Bank Street Writer]]
* [[Breeze]]
* Brother WP Typewriters
** [[Brother 120k]]
** [[Brother 240k]]
** [[Brother HD]]
* [[Canon Cat]]
* [[ChiWriter]] (.chi)
* [[ClarisWorks]] (Mac) (CWK)
* [[Corel Write]]
* [[Cut & Paste]] (Electronic Arts Home Management Software)
* [[DavkaWriter]] (.dwd)
* [[DeskMate Text]] (.doc)
* [[DisplayWrite]] (IBM)
* [[DotWriter]] (TRS-80, Apple II)
* [[TechWriter|EasiWriter / TechWriter]] (Word processor file format)
* [[Easywriter]]
* [[The Electric Pencil]] (word processor for 8080/Z-80 machines, and later IBM PC)
* [[Envision Publisher]]
* [[EPOC Word]]
* [[FullWrite]] (Mac)
* [[geoWrite]]
* [[HomeWord]] (Sierra Online, Apple II)
* [[HWP]] (Hancom Word, Korean)
* [[HWPML]] (Hangul Word Processor Markup Language, Korean)
* [[IBM Displaywriter]] (dedicated word processing machine)
* [[IBM Writing Assistant]] (.iwa)
* [[Ichitaro]] (.jtd)
* [[JOT]] (Juggler Of Text; experimental word processor by Ted Nelson c. 1980)
* [[JustWrite]]
* [[Kingsoft Office]] (.wps, .wpt)
* [[LocoScript]]
* [[Lotus Word Pro]] (.lwp)
* [[MacWrite]]
* [[Magic Window]]
* [[Maple]]
* [[Microsoft Word]]
** [[DOC]] (Word document)
** [[DOCM]] (Word macro-enabled document)
** [[DOCX]] (Word document, XML format)
** [[DOT]] (Word template)
** [[DOTM]] (Word macro-enabled template)
** [[DOTX]] (Word template, XML format)
** [[Microsoft Word for Macintosh]]
** [[WordProcessingML]] (XML format preceding later DOCX one)
* [[Microsoft Works Word Processor]] (.wps, .wpt)
* [[Microsoft Write]] (.wri)
* [[Mouse Word]] (Apple II)
* [[Mousewrite]] (Apple II; apparently a different program from Mouse Word)
* [[MultiMate Professional Word Processor]] (.dox, .pat)
* [[Nisus Writer]]
* [[Nota Bene]] (.nb)
* [[OpenDocument Text]] (.odt, .ott)
* [[Pages]] (Apple iWork/iCloud)
* [[PC-Outline]]
* [[PC-Type]]
* [[PC-Write]]
* [[Perfect Writer]]
* [[pfs:Write]]
* [[PIE Writer]] (Hayden Software, Apple II)
* [[@PROMT]] (.std)
* [[Psion Series 3 Word]] (.wrd)
* [[QR-Tekst]] (.qrt)
* [[RFT]]
* [[Samna Word]]
* [[ScreenWriter II]] (for Apple II; formerly SuperScribe II)
* [[Scripsit]]
* [[Scrivener]] (.scriv)
* [[SDW]] (StarOffice Writer)
* [[Storyist]] (.story)
* [[Student Writing Center]]
* [[SXW]] and [[STW]] (OpenOffice.org 1.0 Text) (.sxw, .stw)
* [[TAG]]
* [[TechWriter]] (Scientific word processor file format)
* [[TI-Writer]]
* [[Volkswriter]]
* Wang (dedicated word processing machines)
** [[Wang 1200]] (1972; used cassette storage)
** [[Wang OIS]] (1977; used disks)
* [[WordPerfect]]
* [[WordStar]]
** [[WordStar 2000]]
* [[WriteNow]]

See also:
* [[Document file creation software]]

== Screenwriting ==
* [[Adobe Story]] (.astx)
* [[Celtx]] (.celtx or .cxscript)
* [[Dramatica]]
* [[FadeIn]]
* [[Final Draft]] (.fdr, .fdx)
* [[Fountain]]
* [[Hollywood Screenplay]] (.hss)
* Movie Magic
** [[ScreenWriter]] (.scw)
** [[Scheduling Export File]] (.sex)
* [[Movie Master]] [https://www.vice.com/en/article/wxdeay/the-dune-screenplay-was-written-in-ms-dos 1]
* [[Open Screenplay]] (.xml)
* [[Scriptware]] (.scr)

==Indexing==
* [[Cindex]]

== Other ==
* [[ACL]]
* [[CCF]]
* [[Computable Document Format]] (.cdf)
* [[DBT]]
* [[EGT]]
* [[FDX]]
* [[FTM]]
* [[FTX]]
* [[IBM Storyboard Text Maker Document]]
* [[MBP]]
* [[Notability]]
* [[OBD]]
* [[ODM]]
* [[OLE 1.0 object]]
* [[OMM]]
* [[OTT]]
* [[PAP]]
* [[PaperLess MicroViewer]]
* [[PDAX]]
* [[Photoshop Text Engine Data]]
* [[PowerBI]] (.pbix)
* [[QUOX]]
* [[RIFF STYL]]
* [[RPT]]
* [[SHS]]
* [[SNP]]
* Tableau
** [[Tableau WorkBook]] (.twb, .twbx)
** [[Tableau Bookmarks]] (.tbm)
** [[Tableau Data Source]] (.tds, .tdsx)
** [[Tableau Data Extract]] (.hyper, .tde)
** [[Tableau Flow File]] (.tfl, .tflx)
* [[UOML]]
* [[VIA]]
* [[WRD]]
* [[WRF]]

See also [[Markup]]

== Links ==
* [http://me.veekun.com/blog/2013/01/09/cvs-and-file-extensions/ CVs and File Extensions]
* [http://forums.xkcd.com/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=107195 Trustworthiness of Information by File Extension] (xkcd comic with discussion thread)
* [http://crookedtimber.org/2011/07/30/text-editors-in-the-lord-of-the-rings/ Text editors in ''Lord of the Rings'']
* [http://standards.data.gov.uk/proposal/sharing-collaborating-government-documents Sharing or collaborating with government documents] (UK government proposal)
* [http://lifehacker.com/four-skills-that-will-turn-you-into-a-spreadsheet-ninj-1525058930 Four Skills That Will Turn You Into a Spreadsheet Ninja]
* [http://documentfreedom.org/en/ Document Freedom Day: Celebrating information accessibility and raising awareness of Open Standards.]
* [http://www.flax.co.uk/blog/2013/11/01/g-cloud-and-open-file-formats-a-cautionary-tale/ G-Cloud and open file formats, a cautionary tale]
* [http://www.msnbc.com/rachel-maddow-show/watch/redaction-rules-how-best-to-keep-the-secrets-258076739607 Redaction rules: How best to keep the secrets]
* [http://qanda.digipres.org//49/a-tool-to-detect-encrypted-office-documents Testing for encrypted Office documents]
* [http://johnmacfarlane.net/pandoc/ Pandoc: Document format conversion swiss-army knife]
* [http://givemetext.okfnlabs.org/ Give Me Text: online converter of various document formats to plain text]
* [http://andybrandt531.com/2015/08/writers-guide-to-word-processing-file-formats/ The Writer's Guide to Word Processing File Formats]
* [http://www.documentliberation.org/ Document Liberation Project]
* [https://archive.org/details/businesscase The Business Case: Office software runnable in-browser at Internet Archive]
* [[Wikipedia:Indexing_Software| Indexing Software : Wikipedia]]

[[Category:Desktop Publishing]]
[[Category:Presentation]]
[[Category:Spreadsheet]]
[[Category:Word Processor]]

Substance

2026-04-21T22:00:43Z

Thorsted: Added info about SBSAR

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=3D and CAD/CAM Models
|extensions={{ext|sbs}}, {{ext|sbsar}}, {{ext|sbsm}}, {{ext|spp}}
}}
'''Substance''' is a suite of tools for dealing with 3D materials from Adobe, and the Substance Source library of models to use with these tools.

'''.SBS''' files are main source Substance Designer projects based on [[XML]], while .sbsar files are compiled and can be opened in a wider range of programs.<ref>https://substance3d.adobe.com/documentation/sddoc/overview-129368161.html</ref>

'''.SPP''' files are Substance Painter project files. They are [[HDF5]] binary files with the ascii values {{magic|.HDF}}.<ref>https://substance3d.adobe.com/documentation/spdoc/a-project-has-been-processed-as-a-text-file-and-is-now-corrupted-145653999.html</ref>

'''.SBSAR''' files are Substance 3D asset files<ref>https://experienceleague.adobe.com/en/docs/substance-3d-designer/using/substance-graphs/publishing-substance-3d-asset-files-sbsar</ref> are in the [[7z|7-Zip]] archival package format.

== Sample files ==
* [https://source.substance3d.com/allassets?free=true Free files on Substance Source] (registration required)
* [https://substance3d.adobe.com/tutorials/courses/First-Steps-with-Substance-3D-Designer/youtube-VyFgpitTsYg Substance Designer Demo Files]
* [https://substance3d.adobe.com/tutorials/courses/getting-started-with-substance-painter-2018/ Substance Painter Demo Files]

== Software ==
* [https://www.adobe.com/products/substance.html Adobe Substance]
* [https://www.substance3d.com/ Substance suite]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Adobe]]
[[Category:HDF based file formats]]

High Sierra

2026-04-20T18:08:28Z

Thorsted: Linked to ISO files

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Filesystem
|extensions={{ext|iso}}, others
|released=~1986
}}
'''High Sierra''' format ('''HSF''') is a filesystem used on some early [[CD-ROM]]s. It is the predecessor of [[ISO 9660]].

== Nomenclature ==
There are two main, and mutually incompatible, formats in the High Sierra/ISO 9660 line of filesystems: the older format, which has a "<code>CDROM</code>" signature in the volume descriptors, and the newer format, which has a "<code>CD001</code>" signature.

It's tempting to assume that ''High Sierra'' refers to the older format, and ''ISO 9660'' to the newer format. Unfortunately, while that is often the case (and is the convention used in this article), it is not ''always'' the case. Both names have been used to refer to the set of both formats.

== Disambiguation ==
The filesystem format is not to be confused with '''macOS High Sierra''', a version of the macOS operating system, also known as macOS v10.13 ([[Wikipedia:MacOS High Sierra|Wikipedia article]]).

== Identification ==
If a typical High Sierra filesystem is dumped to a raw image file in a typical way, the ASCII signature "{{magic|CDROM}}" appears at offset 32777, and also 2048 bytes later at offset 34825.

== Specifications ==
* [https://www.os2museum.com/files/docs/cdrom/CDROM_Working_Paper-1986.pdf Volume and File Structure of Compact Read Only Optical Discs for Information Interchange] [https://www.os2museum.com/files/docs/cdrom/hsg_wp.html HTML Version]
* [https://www.tech-insider.org/mac/research/acrobat/8808.pdf Macintosh Technical Note #209: High Sierra & ISO 9660 CD ROM Formats]

== Sample files ==
* https://archive.org/download/shareware-grab-bag/Shareware%20Grab%20Bag.iso → Shareware Grab Bag.iso
* https://archive.org/download/MS_BOOKSHELF_87/BOOKSHELF.ISO (Microsoft Bookshelf circa 1987) → .ISO
* https://archive.org/download/cia-world-factbook-1989-cd-rom/CIA_The_World_Factbook_1989.ISO (CIA Factbook circa 1989) → .ISO
* https://archive.org/download/microsoft-small-business-consultant-stat-pack-1990/MicrosoftSmallBusiness_Consultant_StatPack-1990.iso (Microsoft Stat Pack 1989) → .ISO
* https://archive.org/download/software-toolworks-illustrated-encyclopedia-1990/SoftwareToolWorks-IllustratedEncyclopedia-1990.iso (Software Toolworks Illustrated Encyclopedia 1990)→ .ISO
* https://archive.org/download/software-toolworks-usatlas-1990/SoftwareToolworks_USAtlas-1990.iso (Software Toolworks U.S. Atlas 1990)→ .ISO

== Links ==
* [[Wikipedia: ISO 9660]] - Includes some historical information about High Sierra
* [https://www.os2museum.com/wp/looking-for-high-sierra/ OS/2 Museum: Looking for High Sierra]

High Sierra

2026-04-16T02:32:55Z

Thorsted: /* Sample files */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Filesystem
|extensions={{ext|iso}}, others
|released=~1986
}}
'''High Sierra''' format ('''HSF''') is a filesystem used on some early [[CD-ROM]]s. It is the predecessor of [[ISO 9660]].

== Nomenclature ==
There are two main, and mutually incompatible, formats in the High Sierra/ISO 9660 line of filesystems: the older format, which has a "<code>CDROM</code>" signature in the volume descriptors, and the newer format, which has a "<code>CD001</code>" signature.

It's tempting to assume that ''High Sierra'' refers to the older format, and ''ISO 9660'' to the newer format. Unfortunately, while that is often the case (and is the convention used in this article), it is not ''always'' the case. Both names have been used to refer to the set of both formats.

== Disambiguation ==
The filesystem format is not to be confused with '''macOS High Sierra''', a version of the macOS operating system, also known as macOS v10.13 ([[Wikipedia:MacOS High Sierra|Wikipedia article]]).

== Identification ==
If a typical High Sierra filesystem is dumped to a raw image file in a typical way, the ASCII signature "{{magic|CDROM}}" appears at offset 32777, and also 2048 bytes later at offset 34825.

== Specifications ==
* [https://www.os2museum.com/files/docs/cdrom/CDROM_Working_Paper-1986.pdf Volume and File Structure of Compact Read Only Optical Discs for Information Interchange] [https://www.os2museum.com/files/docs/cdrom/hsg_wp.html HTML Version]
* [https://www.tech-insider.org/mac/research/acrobat/8808.pdf Macintosh Technical Note #209: High Sierra & ISO 9660 CD ROM Formats]

== Sample files ==
* https://archive.org/details/shareware-grab-bag → Shareware Grab Bag.iso
* https://archive.org/details/MS_BOOKSHELF_87 → Microsoft Bookshelf circa 1987
* https://archive.org/details/cia-world-factbook-1989-cd-rom → CIA Factbook circa 1989
* https://archive.org/details/microsoft-small-business-consultant-stat-pack-1990 → Microsoft Stat Pack 1989
* https://archive.org/details/software-toolworks-illustrated-encyclopedia-1990 → Software Toolworks 1990

== Links ==
* [[Wikipedia: ISO 9660]] - Includes some historical information about High Sierra
* [https://www.os2museum.com/wp/looking-for-high-sierra/ OS/2 Museum: Looking for High Sierra]

Category:File formats with extension .now

2026-04-14T19:36:30Z

Thorsted: Created page with "N"

[[Category:File formats by extension|N]]

Now Compress

2026-04-14T19:36:11Z

Thorsted: added additional details

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Archiving
|extensions={{ext|now}}
|type code={{Type Code|NCar}}
|wikidata={{wikidata|Q139326277}}
}}
'''Now Compress''' is a component of the ''Now Utilities'' software for classic Macintosh. It has a native compressed archive format. Now Utilities was developed by Now Software.

== Identification ==
According to [[The Unarchiver]], files begin with bytes {{magic|0x00 0x02}}.

== Software ==
* [[The Unarchiver]]
* [https://macintoshgarden.org/apps/now-utilities-302402 Now Utilities 3.0.2/4.0.2] at Macintosh Garden
* [https://www.macintoshrepository.org/14922-now-compress Now Compress 1.0] at Macintosh Repository

== Sample files ==
* {{DexvertSamples|archive/nowCompress}}

[[Category:Macintosh]]

Now Contact

2026-04-14T01:21:04Z

Thorsted:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Address books and contacts
|extensions={{ext|nct}}
|type code={{Type Code|KnDB}}
|wikidata={{wikidata|Q139301296}}
}}
Now Contact was part of the Now Software<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Now_Software</ref> Now Up-to-Date & Contact software package for managing calendars and contacts. Now Contact is PIM (Personal Information Manager) software. Later owned by PowerOn Software<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20020721150833/http://www.nowsoftware.com/</ref>.

==Format Information==
Now Contact files did not use extensions on the Macintosh platform, but in Version 5 and on Windows, '''NCT''' was used. Now Contact files begin with the magic bytes {{magic|BEDEAD01}}.

==Software==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050322115350/http://ftp.poweronsoftware.com/pub/software/nowsoft/NowUpToDate/ Archived Software]

==References==
<references/>

Now Contact

2026-04-14T01:20:52Z

Thorsted: Created page with "{{FormatInfo |formattype=electronic |subcat=Address books and contacts |extensions={{ext|nct}} |type code={{Type Code|KnDB}} |wikidata={{wikidata|Q139301296}} }} Now Contact w..."

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Address books and contacts
|extensions={{ext|nct}}
|type code={{Type Code|KnDB}}
|wikidata={{wikidata|Q139301296}}
}}
Now Contact was part of the Now Software<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Now_Software</ref> Now Up-to-Date & Contact software package for managing calendars and contacts. Now Contact is PIM (Personal Information Manager) software. Later owned by PowerOn Software<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20020721150833/http://www.nowsoftware.com/</ref>.

==Format Information==
Now Contact files did not use extensions on the Macintosh platform, but in Version 5 and on Windows, '''NCT'' was used. Now Contact files begin with the magic bytes {{magic|BEDEAD01}}.

==Software==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050322115350/http://ftp.poweronsoftware.com/pub/software/nowsoft/NowUpToDate/ Archived Software]

==References==
<references/>

Address books and contacts

2026-04-13T18:43:29Z

Thorsted: /* Program-specific formats */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|thiscat=Address books and contacts
|image=Name-and-address-form-600x400.jpg
}}
See also [[Calendars]]; [[E-Mail, newsgroups, and forums]].

== Data interchange formats ==

* [[h-adr]] (Microformats)
* [[h-card]] (Microformats)
* [[LDAP]] (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol)
** [[LDIF]] (LDAP Data Interchange Format)
* [[vCard]] (.vcf)

== Program-specific formats ==

* [[Cardfile]] (.crd)
* Microsoft Outlook contacts: Stored as part of the [[Personal Folder File]] - See also [[Microsoft Outlook]]
* [[Mozilla Thunderbird address book]] - See also [[Thunderbird]]
* [[Notes Storage Facility]] (Lotus Notes; holds calendars, contacts, e-mail, and other things)
* [[Novell GroupWise Address Book]] (.nab)
* [[Pegasus Mail]] (has many file types including one for contacts)
* [[Now Contact]]

== Cell phone contact formats ==

* [[AddressBook (Apple)]]
* [[CDMA phone data]]
* [[Google Contacts]] (cloud-based, used in Google services and synced to Android devices)
* [[Nokia contact data]]
* [[SIM contact data]]
* [[Windows Mobile contact data]]

ISM

2026-04-11T05:05:09Z

Thorsted:

{{FormatInfo
|subcat=Audio and Music
|extensions={{ext|rsc}}, {{ext|rsd}}
|released=1987
}}
Some Roland musical instruments support ISM "Intelligent System of Music".<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20081219030217/http://www.roland.com/products/en/exp/ism.html</ref> This system supported [[MIDI]] and their proprietary '''RSC''' - '''RSD''' formats on 3.5 inch floppy disks.<ref>https://asgerix.dk/web/page/roland2midi</ref><ref>https://www.sweetwater.com/sweetcare/articles/roland-ra-95-disk-file-format-compatibility/</ref>

==Format Information==
Audio files come in pairs 
* '''RSC''' is a supporting file with metadata about the song, title, copyright, and system support
* '''RSD''' is the actual song data. Often beginning with some variation of <code>00 A3 00 03 02 18 00 88</code>

==Software==
Format can be converted with an [https://asgerix.dk/web/page/roland2midi/roland2midi-online online] or [https://asgerix.dk/web/page/roland2midi/roland2midi-offline offline] tool.

==References==
<references/>

Category:File formats with extension .rsd

2026-04-11T05:03:05Z

Thorsted: Created page with "R"

[[Category:File formats by extension|R]]

ISM

2026-04-11T05:02:42Z

Thorsted: Created page with "{{FormatInfo |subcat=Audio and Music |extensions={{ext|rsc}}, {{ext|rsd}} |released=1987 }} Some Roland musical instruments support ISM "Intelligent System of Music".<ref>http..."

{{FormatInfo
|subcat=Audio and Music
|extensions={{ext|rsc}}, {{ext|rsd}}
|released=1987
}}
Some Roland musical instruments support ISM "Intelligent System of Music".<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20081219030217/http://www.roland.com/products/en/exp/ism.html</ref> This system supported [[MIDI]] and their proprietary '''RSC''' - '''RSD''' formats on 3.5 inch floppy disks.<ref>https://asgerix.dk/web/page/roland2midi</ref><ref>https://www.sweetwater.com/sweetcare/articles/roland-ra-95-disk-file-format-compatibility/</ref>

==Format Information==
Audio files come in pairs 
* '''RSC''' is a supporting file with metadata about the song, title, copyright, and system support
* '''RSD''' is the actual song data. Often beginning with some variation of <code>00 A3 00 03 02 18 00 88</code>

==Software==
Format can be converted with an online or offline tool [https://asgerix.dk/web/page/roland2midi/roland2midi-online Online Roland rsc/rsd to MIDI converter]

==References==
<references/>

Audio and Music

2026-04-11T04:48:35Z

Thorsted: /* Musical instrument control */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|thiscat=Audio and Music
|image=Music.jpg
|caption=Musical notation
}}
[[Electronic_File_Formats|Electronic Formats]] concerned with audio and musical data, including sound recording, instrument control, musical notation, etc.

For additional multimedia formats that may contain audio, see [[Video]].

== Introduction ==
* For an excellent introduction to the issues around audio and video formats, see [http://www.avpreserve.com/blog/a-primer-on-codecs-for-moving-image-and-sound-archives-2/ A Primer on Codecs for Moving Image and Sound Archives - and 10 Recommendations for Codec Selection & Management] [http://www.avpreserve.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/AVPS_Codec_Primer.pdf PDF version]
* [http://www.garymcgath.com/streamingprotocols.html Basics of streaming protocols]

== Album formats ==
(files containing entire music albums, with some track structure)
* [[Connected Media Experience]] (CME, CMX)
* [[iTunes LP]]

== Audio and sequencer software ==

* Ableton
** [[Ableton Live]]
* Adobe Audition
** [[Cool Edit / Audition Multi Track Session file]] (.ses)
** [[Audition]] (.sesx)
* Aldrin
** [[Creative Commons Module]] (.ccm)
* [[Audacity Project Format]] (.aup)
** [[Audacity AU]] (.au)
* Cakewalk
** [[Cakewalk Bundle (BUN)]] (.bun)
** [[Cakewalk Bundle (CWB)]] (.cwb)
** [[Cakewalk Dump Request Macro]] (.drm)
** [[Cakewalk Instrument Definition File]] (.ins)
** [[Cakewalk Project (CWP)]] (.cwp)
** [[Cakewalk Project (WRK)]] (.wrk)
** [[Cakewalk Sample Definition File]] (.sfz)
* [[CPS project]] (.cps)
* [[DeLuxe Music Score]]
* [[Digital Performer]]
* [[Dynamic Studio Professional module]]
* [[eJay Music Director]] (.mdx)
* FruityLoops / FL Studio
** [[BeatCreator/BeatSlicer Grid File]] (.zgr)
** [[DrumSynth Preset]] (.ds)
** [[FL Studio Score File]] (.fsc)
** [[FL Studio State File]] (.fst)
** [[Humanize Preset]] (.fpr)
** [[Raw FL Studio Project]] (.flp)
** [[SimSynth Preset]] (.syn)
** [[Speech Preset]] (.speech)
* GarageBand (Mac)
** [[GarageBand project]] (.band, .gbproj)
** [[Magic GarageBand template]] (.wand)
** [[GarageBand MagicMentor template]] (.mwand)
* [[Hydrogen]] (.h2song, .h2pattern)
* [[iZotope RX]] (.rxdoc)
* Jeskola Buzz
** [[Jeskola Buzz machine]] (.dll)
** [[Jeskola Buzz machine preset]] (.prs, .prs.xml)
** [[Jeskola Buzz song]] (.bmx, .bmw)
* [[LMMS]] (Linux MultiMedia Studio) (.mmp, .mmpz)
* Logic Pro / Logic / Notator Logic
** [[Logic Pro project file]] (.logic, .logicx)
* [[Maestro]] (RISC OS)
* [[Make-A-Melody]] (''Big Blue Disk'' #42) (.mus)
* [[Nero SoundTrax]] (.npf)
* [[Nero WaveEditor]] (.nwf)
* Piston Collage / PxTone
** [[Piston Collage noise]] (.ptnoise)
** [[Piston Collage song]] (.ptcop, .pttune)
** [[Piston Collage voice]] (.ptvoice)
* Pro Tools
** [[Pro Tools (Mac)]] (.pt5, .p24, .pt4, .pt3)
** [[PTS]] (Pro Tools 5.1-6.9)
** [[PTF]] (Pro Tools 7-9)
** [[PTX (Pro Tools)|PTX]] (Pro Tools 10)
* Propellerhead (Reason, ReCycle)
** [[Propellerhead Reason NN-XT Patch File]] (.sx2)
** [[Propellerhead Reason Project File]] / song file (.reason, .rns, others)
** [[Propellerhead Reason ReFill Sound Bank]] (.rfl)
** [[Propellerhead ReCycle Loop File]] (.rex)
** [[Reason Studios REX2 Audio File]] (.rx2)
* [[Reaper Project]] (.rpp)
* [[Renoise]]
** [[Renoise song]] (.xrns)
** [[Renoise instrument]] (.xrni)
** [[Renoise DSP device-chain]] (.xrnt)
* [[ROXIO|Roxio]]
** [[DMSE]] (Sound Editor project)
** [[DMSA]] (Music Disc Creator project)
* SeaTone / PixTone
** [[PXT]] (.pxt)
* [[Sonic Foundry Acid]] (.acd)
* [[SoundDesigner II]] (.sd2)
* [[Soundtrack Pro]] (.stmp)
* Steinberg
** [[Cubase]]
*** [[ALL]] - A Steinberg [[Cubase]] VST file for saving songs (pre 2002).
*** [[ARR]] - A Steinberg [[Cubase]] VST file for saving arrangements (pre 2002).
*** [[CPR]] - A Steinberg [[Cubase]] SX file for saving projects (2002 - ).
** [[Nuendo]]
*** [[NPR]] - A Steinberg [[Nuendo]] file for saving arrangements (2002 - ).
** [[WaveLab]]
*** [[MON]] (Audio montage)
* [[(Super) Studio Session song]] (.sss)
* [[Waveburner]] (.wb3)

== Audio recording and sound waves ==

* Lossless compression
** [[ATRAC Advanced Lossless]] (.aal)
** [[ADA]] (Advanced Digital Audio)
** [[ALAC]] (Apple Lossless Audio Codec)
** [[APAC]] (Marian's A-pac)
** [[Dakx Wav]]
** [[Dolby TrueHD]]
** [[DTS-HD]] (Lossless variant of DTS- DTS-HD Master Audio)
** [[FLAC]] (Free Lossless Audio Codec)
** [[G.711]]
** [[G.729]]
** [[HALAC]]
** [[Kexis]] (.kxs)
** [[LA]] (Lossless Audio)
** [[LiteWave]]
** [[LPAC]] (Lossless Predictive Audio Coding)
** [[MKW]]
** [[MLP]] (Meridian Lossless Packing Audio)
** [[Monkey's Audio]] (.ape)
** [[MPEG-4 ALS]] (MPEG-4 Audio Lossless Coding)
** [[MPEG-4 SLS]] (MPEG-4 Scalable lossless coding mode)
** [[MQA]] (Master Quality Authenticated)
** [[OptimFROG]] (.ofr, .ofs)
** [[Perfect Clarity Audio]] (.pca)
** [[RALF]] (Real Lossless Audio Codec)
** [[RK Audio]] (.rka)
** [[Shorten]] (.shn)
** [[Sonarc]]
** [[Split2000]]
** [[TAK]] (.tak)
** [[True Audio]] (.tta)
** [[VocPack]]
** [[WavArc]]
** [[WavPack]] (.wv)
** [[WMA Lossless]] (Windows Media Audio 9 Lossless)
* Lossy compression
** [[AAC]] (Advanced Audio Coding)
** [[ADPCM|Adaptive differential pulse-code modulation]]
*** [[ACT]]
*** [[ADPCM-A]] (Yamaha)
*** [[ADPCM-B]] (Yamaha)
*** [[VOX]]
** [[Adaptive Multi-Rate WideBand Audio]]
** [[Adaptive Multi-Rate Audio]] (.amr)
** [[Archimedes VIDC audio]]
** ATRAC or [[Adaptive Transform Acoustic Coding]] (.aa3, .oma, .at3)
** [[Audible Audiobook]] (.aa, .aax)
** [[Audition Loop]] (.cel)
** [[CELT]] (.ogg)
** [[Digital Theater Systems]] (.dts)
** [[Dolby Digital]] (AC-3 or ATSC A/52)
** [[Encodec]] (.ecdc)
** [[GSM]] (GSM 6.10 RPE-LTP)
** [[LB]] (Low Bitrate)
** [[M4B]] (iTunes Audio Book)
** [[M4P]] (Fairplay DRM Encrypted [[M4A]])
** MP1: See [[MPEG Audio Layer I]]
** MP2: See [[MPEG Audio Layer II]]
** [[MP3]] (MPEG-1 / MPEG-2 Audio Layer III)
*** [[packMP3]]
*** [[mp3PRO]]
*** [[MP3 wrapper]] - '''reversibly''' combine mp3 files into one playable mp3 (often used on filesharing services that banned other formats like zip/rar)
**** [[zip/rar.mp3]]
**** [[AlbumWrap (ALBW)]]
**** [[MooseWrap (DJWrap)]]
**** [[Mp3Wrap]]
**** [[Track Wrapper (TRKW)]]
**** [[MP3 Album Maker]]
**** [[M3A]]
**** [[Wrapster]] (when adding MP3 files to a wrapped MP3 file)
** MPA (MPEG Audio): See [[MPEG Audio Layer II]]
** MP+ (MPEGplus Audio): See [[Musepack Audio]]
** MPEG-4 Audio: Can refer to various formats connected with [[MPEG-4]], including [[AAC]]. (.m4a, .m4b, .m4p, .m4r, .mp4, .aac)
** [[MPEG Audio Layer I]] (MP1)
** [[MPEG Audio Layer II]] (MP2; MPEG-1 Audio Layer II)
** [[Musepack Audio]] (.mpc)
** [[Opus]] (.opus)
** [[Quite OK Audio]] (.qoa)
** [[RealAudio]] (.ra)
** [[Speex]] (.spx)
** [[SWA]]
** [[Vorbis]] (.logg, .oga, .ogg)
** [[WMA]] (Windows Media Audio)
* Proprietary
** [[DCT]] (Dictation format by NCH Software)
** [[Digital Speech Standard]] (.dss)
** [[Digital Voice File]] (.dvf)
** [[IC Sound]] (.ics)
** [[iKlax]] (iKlax Media)
** [[Memory Stick Voice]] (.msv)
** [[Panasonic VM1]] (.vm1)
** [[Pono]]
** [[PXD]]
** [[RCA-VOC]] (.voc)
** [[Sonic Foundry Sample Resource]] (.sfr)
* Separated parts of tracks
** [[Stems]]
* Uncompressed audio
** [[AIFF|AIF / AIFF]] (Audio Interchange File Format)
** [[Berkeley/IRCAM/Carl Sound Format]] (.sf)
** [[BWF]] (Broadcast Wave Format; variant of WAV)
** [[DSD]] (Direct Stream Digital) (.dsf)
** [[RAW (Audio)|RAW]] (.raw, .pcm)
** [[RF64]] (extended variant of BWF)
** [[Sony Wave64]] (.w64)
** [[WAV]] (Waveform Audio File Format)
* Various encodings
** [[AIFC]] ([[AIFF]] Compressed)
** [[AU]] (Sun Microsystems audio format)
** [[Computerized Speech Lab NSP]] (.nsp)
** [[DiamondWare Digitized]] (.dwd)
** [[Bonk]] (lossy/lossless audio compression)
** [[INRS-Telecom file]] (.aud)
** [[SIFF]] (.son)
** [[SPPACK]] (.d)
** [[WVE (Psion)]]
** [[IAMF]] [https://opensource.googleblog.com/2025/01/introducing-eclipsa-audio-immersive-audio-for-everyone.html 1]

=== Peak Files ===
* [[PEK]] (Adobe Premiere Pro Peak file)
* [[PKF]] (Adobe Audition Peak File)
* [[GPK]] (WaveLab Peak File)
* [[SFK]] (SoundForge/Sony Peak File)
* [[WFM]] (Avid WaveCache.wfm)

== Chiptune ==

* [[SAM Coupé song]] (.cop, .sng)

== Configuration files ==

* [[X2A]] (Yamaha S70xs/S90xs keyboard workstations)

== Container formats ==

* [[AAF]] (Advanced Authoring Format)
* [[ASF]] (Advanced Systems Format)
* [[Core Audio Format]] (.caf)
* [[Extensible Music Format]] (.xmf)
* [[IFF]]
* [[Matroska Audio]] (.mka)
* [[MP4]] (MPEG-4 Part 14 media container)
* [[Ogg]] (.ogg, .oga, .ogx, .spx, .opus)
* [[OMF Interchange]] (Open Media Framework Interchange format)
* [[Qualcomm QCP]] (Purevoice)
* [[Rich Music Format]] (.rmf)
* [[RealMedia]] (.rm)
* [[WAV]]
* [[WebM]] (.webm) (also used for video)

== Emulated music ==

* [[2SF]] (Nintendo DS [[Portable Sound Format|PSF]])
* [[3G2]] (3GPP, also a video format)
* [[3GP]] (3GPP, also a video format)
* [[Atari SoundHeader]] (SNDH)
* [[AY]] (Amstrad CPC / ZX Spectrum / ZXAYEMUL)
* [[AZX]] (ZX Spectrum)
* [[Custom Amiga Module]] (CUST)
* [[DSF]] (Dreamcast [[Portable Sound Format|PSF]])
* [[EPSGMOD]] (.epsgmod, Mod2PSG)
* [[Fuxoft AY Language]] (.fmx)
* [[Game Boy Sound]] (.gbs)
* [[GBR]] (Game Boy Sound)
* [[Gens Sound Record]] (GSR)
* [[GSF]] (Game Boy Advance [[Portable Sound Format|PSF]])
* [[HES]] (Hudson Entertainment System)
* [[KSS]] (MSX)
* [[KSSX]] (Possible expansion of [[KSS]])
* [[MDX (X68000)|MDX]] (Sharp X68000 / MXDRV)
* [[NES Sound Format]] (.nsf)
* [[NES Sound Format Extended]] (.nsfe)
* [[NSD (audio)|NSD]]
* [[Portable Sound Format|PSF]] (Portable Sound Format)
* [[PSF1]] (Playstation [[Portable Sound Format|PSF]])
* [[PSF2]] (Playstation 2 [[Portable Sound Format|PSF]])
* [[QSF]] (Capcom Q-Sound [[Portable Sound Format|PSF]])
* [[SC68]] (Atari ST / Atari STE / Amiga)
* [[SGC]] (Sega Master System / Game Gear / Colecovision)
* [[SID]] (Commodore 64)
* [[SPC (Audio)|SPC]] (Super Nintendo SPC700)
* [[SSF]] (Sega Saturn [[Portable Sound Format|PSF]])
* [[USF]] (Nintendo 64 [[Portable Sound Format|PSF]])
* [[YM]] (Amstrad CPC / Spectrum ZX / Atari ST)

== Game audio and music ==

(see also [[Game data files]])

* [[4X IMA ADPCM]]
* Accolade
** [[Accolade MIDI File Format]]
* Adept Software
** [[God of Thunder Music Format]]
* [[AFC]] (AFX Audio File) -- used in Mass Effect 2
* Apogee
** [[Crystal Caves Sound format]]
* Atari
** [[Slight Atari Player]] (Atari POKEY)
* [[BAF]] (Blur ADPCM)
* [[BAKA]] (PCM 16 bit)
* Bandai
** [[WSR]] (WonderSwan / WonderSwan Color)
* [[BH2PCM]]
* [[BNSF]] (G.722.1)
* Cave Story
** [[Organya]]
* Commodore Amiga
** [[A.M. Composer v1.2]] (.amc)
** [[AC1D-DC1A Packer]] (.ac1d)
** [[Actionamics Sound Tool]] (.ast)
** [[AMOS Music Bank]] (.abk)
** [[AMOS Memory Bank#AMOS Samples Bank|AMOS Samples Bank]] (.abk)
** [[Art & Magic]] (.aam)
** [[Audio Sculpture]] (.as)
** [[Beathoven Synthesiser]] (.bss)
** [[Ben Daglish]] (.bd)
** [[Ben Daglish SID]] (.bds)
** [[Ben Replay]] (.ben)
** [[Channel Players]] (.chan)
** [[Cinemaware]] (.cin)
** [[Core Design]] (.core)
** [[CustomMade]] (.cm)
** [[Darius Zendeh]] (.dz)
** [[Dave Lowe]] (.dl)
** [[Dave Lowe New]] (.dln)
** [[David Hanney]] (.dh)
** [[David Whittaker]] (.dw)
** [[Desire]] (.dsr)
** [[Digital Illusions]] (.di)
** [[Digital Sonix & Chrome]] (.dsc)
** [[Digital Sound Creations]] (.han)
** [[Dirk Bialluch]] (.tpu)
** [[Dynamic Synthesizer]] (.dns)
** [[Editeur Musical Sequentiel]] (.ems)
** [[Follin Player II]] (.tf)
** [[Fred Editor]] (.fred)
** [[Fred Gray]] (.fg)
** [[Future Player]] (.fp)
** [[FWMP]] (.fw)
** [[Game Music Creator]] (.gmc)
** [[Gnu Player]] (.gp)
** [[Hippel]] (.hip)
** [[Hippel-COSO]] (.hipc)
** [[Hornet Packer]] (.hrt)
** [[Howie Davies]] (.hd)
** [[IFF-MAUD]]
** [[Images Music System]] (.ims)
** [[Infogrames INS]] (.ins)
** [[Janko Mrsic-Flogel]] (.jmf)
** [[Jason Brooke]] (.jcb)
** [[Jason Page]] (.jp)
** [[Jeroen Tel]] (.jt)
** [[Jesper Olsen]] (.jo)
** [[Jochen Hippel]] (.hip)
** [[Kefrens Sound Machine]] (.ksm)
** [[Kris Hatlelid]] (.kh)
** [[Leggless Music Editor]] (.lme)
** [[Magnetic Fields Packer]] (.mfp)
** [[Maniacs of Noise]] (.mon, .jt)
** [[Mark Cooksey]] (.mc)
** [[Mark II Sound-System]] (.mii, .mk2, .mkii)
** [[Martin Walker]] (.mw)
** [[MaxTrax]] (.mxtx)
** [[Mike Davies]] (.md)
** [[MMDC]] (Module packer)
** [[Mugician]] (.mug)
** [[Mugician II]] (.mug2)
** [[NoiseRunner]] (.nr)
** [[NovoTrade Packer]] (.ntp)
** [[Pierre Adane Packer]] (.pap)
** [[Power Music]] (.pm)
** [[Professional Sound Artists]] (.psa)
** [[Promizer 0.1]] (.pm01)
** [[Promizer 1.0c]] (.pm10)
** [[Promizer 1.8a]] (.pm18)
** [[Promizer 2.0]] (.pm20)
** [[Promizer 4.0]] (.pm40)
** [[ProPacker 1.0]] (.pp10)
** [[ProPacker 2.1]] (.pp21)
** [[ProPacker 3.0]] (.pp30)
** [[Prorunner]] (.prun1, .prun2)
** [[Richard Joseph]] or Vectordean (.rjp)
** [[Rob Hubbard]] (.rh, .rho)
** [[Ron Klaren]] (.rk)
** [[Sean Connolly]] (.scn)
** [[Sean Conran]] (.scr)
** [[Sidmon]] (.sid, .sid2)
** [[Silmarils]] (.mok)
** [[SKYT Packer]] (.skyt)
** [[Sonic Arranger]] (.sa)
** [[Sound Images]] (.tw)
** [[Sound Master]] (.sm)
** [[Sound Programming Language]] (.spl)
** [[Soundcontrol]] (.sct)
** [[Soundfactory]] (.psf)
** [[SoundPlayer]] (.sjs)
** [[Special FX]] (.jd)
** [[Speedy System]] (.ss)
** [[Steve Barrett]] (.sb)
** [[Jason Page|Steve Turner]] (.jpo)
* [[Star Trekker Packer]] (.stpk)
** [[Synth Dream]] (.sdr)
** [[Synth Pack]] (.osp)
** [[The Musical Enlightenment]] (.tme)
** [[The Player]] (.p22a, .p30a, .p40a, .p40b, .p50a, .p60a, .p61a)
** [[Titanics Player]] (.ttp)
** [[Tracker Packer 1]] (.tp1)
** [[Tracker Packer 2]] (.tp2)
** [[Tracker Packer 3]] (.tp3)
** [[Thomas Hermann]] (.thm)
** [[Wally Beben]] (.wb)
** [[Wanton Packer]] (.wn)
** [[XANN Packer]] (.xann)
** [[Zen Packer]] (.zen)
* CRI Middleware
** [[ADX]]
** [[AFS]] (container format for [[ADX]] / [[AHX (CRI)]])
** [[AHX (CRI)]]
** [[AIX]]
* [[DCS]] (ADPCM)
* [[Death Rally Archive]] (.bpa)
* [[DMSG]] (PCM 16 bit)
* [[EACS IMA ADPCM]] (.kcey)
* Electronic Arts
** [[8-Bit Sampled Voice]] (.8svx, .iff)
** [[Asylum Music Format]] (.amf, used in Crusader: No Remorse / Crusader: No Regret)
** [[Electronic Arts AS4 / ASF Music]] (.as4, .asf)
** [[Electronic Arts CMV]]
** [[Electronic Arts KSF Music]] (.ksf)
** [[Electronic Arts MAD]]
** [[Electronic Arts MUS]] (.mus)
** [[Electronic Arts SCxl]]
** [[Electronic Arts Sound Effects]] (.bnk, .crd)
** [[Electronic Arts Sound / Speech Files]] (.eas, .sph)
** [[Electronic Arts TGV]]
** [[Electronic Arts WVE]]
** [[IFF]] (Amiga 8SVX)
*** [[IFF-MAUD]]
** [[Sonix Music Driver]] (.smus)
* [[EMFF]] (ADPCM)
* Epic Megagames
** [[Epic Megagames MASI]] (.masi, .psm)
* [[Final Fantasy XI Music file]] (.bgw)
* [[FMOD Sample Bank]] (.fsb)
* [[Funcom ISS]]
* Galaxy Music System
** [[Galaxy Music System v4.0]]
** [[Galaxy Music System v5.0]] (.j2b)
* [[GCW]] (PCM 16 bit)
* [[Generic Header]] (.genh, Generic Header Creator)
* Herad Music System
** [[Herad Music System AGD]] (.agd)
** [[Herad Music System SDB]] (.sdb)
** [[Herad Music System SQX]] (.sqx)
* [[HIS]] (PCM 8 bit)
* id Software
** [[Doom MUS]]
** [[id Software DNF]] (.dnf)
** [[id Software Music Format]] (.imf)
** [[id Software WLF]] (.wlf)
* [[IMA ADPCM]] (.bar, .dvi, .hwas, .idvi, .ivaud, .myspd, .stma, .strm)
* [[Interplay ACM]] (.acm)
* [[Inverse Frequency Sound format]]
* [[iXMF]] (Interactive [[Extensible Music Format]])
* Ken Silverman
** [[Ken's Adlib Music]] (.ksm)
** [[Ken's Digital Music]] (.kdm)
** [[SM (Ken Silverman)]] (.sm)
** [[SND (Ken Silverman)]] (.snd)
* [[LOUDNESS Sound System]] (.lds)
* LucasArts
** [[LucasArts Adlib Audio]] (.laa)
** [[SCUMM]] (SCUMM)
* [[Martin Fernandez]] (.adlib)
* Microsoft
** [[0x0069]] (Xbox ADPCM)
** [[2DX]]
** [[2DX9]] (ADPCM)
** [[DE2]] (ADPCM)
** [[Xbox IMA ADPCM]] (.matx, .wavm, .wvs, .xmu, .xvas, .xwav)
* Mojang AB (Minecraft)
** [[Minecraft sounds.json]]

* Origin Software
** [[Ultima 6 Music]] (.m)
* PC-98 and PC-88
** [[Professional Music Driver PMD]] (.m, .m2)
* Pixel
** [[PMD (Pixel)]]
* [[Pixel Painters]] (.fmf)
* [[Ragnarok Online 2 RMP]]
* [[Shadowlands]] (.cal)
* Sierra
** [[Sierra AGI]] (Sierra AGI)
** [[Sierra SCI]] (Used in Sierra PC games)
* [[Sound Images Generation 2]] (.sig)
* [[Sound Interface System]] (.lem)
* [[STOS memory bank]] (.mbk)
* [[Unreal Music Format]] (.umx)
* Union Logic Software Publishing
** [[Vinyl Goddess From Mars Instrument Format]]
** [[Vinyl Goddess From Mars Music Format]]
* [[Unique Development Studios]] (.uds)
* [[Video Game Music]] (.vgm, .vgz)
* Westwood Studios
** [[Westwood Studios ADL]] (.adl)
** [[Westwood Studios AUD]] (.aud)
* [[Whacky Wheels]] (.klm)
* [[XMP Game Module]] (.j2b)

=== Nintendo ===

* [[Advanced Mario Sequencer file]] (.mss)
* [[BRSTMPSM]] (Super Paper Mario)
* [[Donkey Konga 2 DSP]] (Donkey Konga 2)
* [[Mario Paint Composer]] (MPC)
* [[Mario Sequencer file]] (.msq)
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii AAAP]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii ADP]] (Nintendo Gamecube) (.adp)
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii AFC]] (Nintendo Gamecube)
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii AGSC]] (.agsc)
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii AMTS]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii ASN]] (Nintendo Gamecube)
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii ASR]] (Nintendo Wii)
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii AST]] (Nintendo Wii sound format)
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii BNS]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii BO2]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii BRSTM]] (Nintendo Wii streaming format)
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii CAPDSP]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii CFN]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii DDSP]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii DSP]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii GCA]] (Nintendo Wii)
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii GCM]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii GSP]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii HPS]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii IDSP]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii ISD]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii ISH]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii KRAW]] (Nintendo Wii)
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii LPS]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii MPDS]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii MPDSP]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii MSS]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii MUS]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii PDT]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii SDT]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii SMP]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii SNS]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii SPD]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii SPT]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii SSM]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii STM]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii STR]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii STS]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii SWD]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii THP]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii TYDSP]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii VJDSP]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii WAS]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii WSD]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii WSI]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii YDSP]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii YMF]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii ZWDSP]]
* [[SHI]] ([https://battleofthebits.com/lyceum/View/ShroomTool ShroomTool] Instrument, used for Mario Paint instruments)
* [[SHO]] (ShroomTool, used for Mario Paint sounds)

=== Sony ===

* [[ADS (PlayStation)]]
* [[ASS (PlayStation)]]
* [[AST (PlayStation)]]
* [[BG00 (PlayStation)]]
* [[BMDX (PlayStation)]]
* [[CCC (PlayStation)]]
* [[CNK (PlayStation)]]
* [[DXH (PlayStation)]]
* [[ENTH (PlayStation)]]
* [[FAG (PlayStation)]]
* [[FILP (PlayStation)]]
* [[FSB (PlayStation)]]
* [[GCM (PlayStation)]]
* [[GMS (PlayStation)]]
* [[HGC1 (PlayStation)]]
* [[I100 (PlayStation)]]
* [[I400 (PlayStation)]]
* [[I80 (PlayStation)]]
* [[IKM (PlayStation)]]
* [[ILD (PlayStation)]]
* [[IVB (PlayStation)]]
* [[JOE (PlayStation)]]
* [[KCES (PlayStation)]]
* [[KHV (PlayStation)]]
* [[LEG (PlayStation)]]
* [[MCG (PlayStation)]]
* [[MI4 (PlayStation)]]
* [[MIB (PlayStation)]]
* [[MIC (PlayStation)]]
* [[MIH (PlayStation)]]
* [[MIHB (PlayStation)]] (merged [[MIB|MIB (PlayStation)]] & [[MIH|MIH (PlayStation)]])
* [[MSA (PlayStation)]]
* [[MSVP (PlayStation)]]
* [[MUSC (PlayStation)]]
* [[NPSF (PlayStation)]]
* [[PNB (PlayStation)]]
* [[PSH (PlayStation)]]
* [[RKV (PlayStation)]]
* [[RND (PlayStation)]]
* [[RSTM (PlayStation)]]
* [[RWS (PlayStation)]]
* [[SFS (PlayStation)]]
* [[SIR (PlayStation)]]
* [[SL3 (PlayStation)]]
* [[SMPL (PlayStation)]]
* [[SND (PlayStation)]]
* [[SPU (PlayStation)]]
* [[STER (PlayStation)]]
* [[STH (PlayStation)]]
* [[STR (PlayStation)]]
* [[STS (PlayStation)]]
* [[SVAG (PlayStation)]]
* [[SVS (PlayStation)]]
* [[TEC (PlayStation)]]
* [[TK5 (PlayStation)]]
* [[VAS (PlayStation)]]
* [[VAG (PlayStation)]]
* [[VB2 (PlayStation & PS2)]]
* [[VGS (PlayStation)]]
* [[VIG (PlayStation)]]
* [[VPK (PlayStation)]]
* [[VS (PlayStation)]]
* [[VSF (PlayStation)]]
* [[WP2 (PlayStation)]]
* [[XA2 (PlayStation)]]
* [[XA30 (PlayStation)]]
* [[MI2 (PS2)]]

== Identifiers of musical works, recordings, artists, etc. ==
* [[International Standard Musical Work Code]] (ISWC)
* [[International Standard Recording Code]] (ISRC)
* [[MusicBrainz Identifier]]

== Karaoke ==
* [[CD+G]]
* [[UltraStar Karaoke]]

== Metadata formats and related data ==

* [[APE tag]]
* [[Argoknot]]
* Cue Sheet - See [[CUE and BIN]]
* [[ELAN Annotation Format]]
* [[Exif]]
* [[Zoom Project Settings]] (.hprj)
* [[ID3]]
* [[MDZ]]
* [[Monkey's Audio metadata]] (.apl)
* [[Vorbis comment]]

== Music trackers ==
(For more on this subject, listen to [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v0nNuUKeh6o Jason Scott Talks His Way Out Of It: The Music Tracker Episode].)

* [[1tracker module]] (.1tm)
* [[AHX (Abyss)]] (Abyss Highest eXperience)
* [[Aley's Module]] (.alm)
* [[All Sound Tracker module]] (.ast)
* [[Amiga Module]] (.mod)
* [[AProSys module]] (.aps)
* [[Archimedes Tracker module]] (.musx)
* [[Arkos Tracker]] (.aks)
* [[Art of Noise module]] (.aon)
* [[ASC Sound Master module]] (.asc)
* [[B's Pro Tracker module]] (.bpm, .bps)
* [[Beepola song]] (.bbsong)
* [[BeRoTracker module]] (.br)
* [[BoyScout Tracker module]] (.bsf)
* Brian Postma SoundMon
** [[Brian Postma SoundMon v1.x module]] (.bp)
** [[Brian Postma SoundMon v2.x & v3.x module]] (.bp3)
** [[BS]]
* Buzzic
** [[Buzzic v1.x]] (.buz)
** [[Buzzic v2.0]] (.buz2)
* Chaos Music Composer
** [[CM3]] ([[CMC]] "3/4")
** [[CMC]] (Chaos Music Composer)
** [[CMR]] ([[CMC]] "Rzog")
** [[CMS]] (Stereo Double [[CMC]])
** [[DMC]] (Double ChaosMusicComposer)
* [[Chuck Biscuits/Black Artist module]] (.cba)
* [[Coconizer module]]
* [[Composer 669 module]] (.669)
* [[craptracker ii module]] (.ct2)
* [[Custom Amiga Module]] (.cus. .custom)
* CyberTracker
** [[CyberTracker instrument]] (.ci)
** [[CyberTracker module]] (.ct)
* [[DeliTracker custom]] (.cust)
* [[DeltaMusic module]] (.dta)
* Delta Music Composer
** [[Delta Music Composer module]] (.dlt)
** [[Delta Music 2.0 module]] (.dl2)
* [[Desktop Tracker module]] (.dtt)
* DigiBooster / DigiBooster PRO
** [[DigiBooster v1.x module]] (.digi)
** [[DigiBooster PRO v2.x / DigiBooster 3 module]] (.dbm)
* [[Digital Symphony module]] (.dsym)
* Digitrakker
** [[Digitrakker instrument]] (.ist)
** [[Digitrakker module]] (.mdl)
** [[Digitrakker sample]] (.spl)
* [[DigiTrekker module]] (.dtm)
* [[Digital Tracker module]] (.dtm)
* [[DisorderTracker 2 module]] (.plm)
* [[Dual Module Player DSMI]] (.amf)
* [[Eureka Packer module]] (.eu)
* [[Extended MOD]] (.emd)
* [[Extreme's Tracker module]] (.ams)
* [[FAC Soundtracker]] (MSX, extension unknown)
* [[Face The Music module]] (.ftm)
* Famitracker
** [[FamiTracker module]] (.ftm)
** [[FamiTracker instrument]] (.fti)
* Farandole Composer
** [[Farandole Form 2.0]] (.f2r)
** [[Farandole Composer module]] (.far)
** [[Farandole Composer pattern]] (.fpt)
** [[Farandole Composer sample]] (.fsm, .usm)
* [[Fashion Tracker module]] (.ex)
* FastTracker / FastTracker 2
** [[FastTracker module]] (.ft, .ftc)
** [[Extended instrument]] (.xi)
** [[Extended Module]] (.xm)
* [[FC-M Packer module]] (.fcm)
* [[Flash Tracker module]] (.fls)
* [[Flex Tracker module]] (.flx)
* [[Fuchs Tracker]] (.fchs)
* [[FunkTracker module]] (.fnk)
* Future Composer
** [[Future Composer v1.x module]] (.fc)
** [[Future Composer v1.3 module]] (.fc13)
** [[Future Composer v1.4 module]] (.fc14)
* Future Composer (BSI)
** [[Future Composer (BSI) module]]
* [[Fuzzac Packer module]] (.fuzz)
* [[General Digital Music module]] (.gdm)
* [[GoatTracker module]] (.sng)
* [[Grave Composer module]] (.wow)
* Graoumf Tracker
** [[Graoumf Tracker module]] (.gtk)
** [[Graoumf Tracker 2 module]] (.gt2)
* [[Global Tracker v1.x module]] (.gtr)
* [[HeatSeeker Module Cruncher v1.0]] (.crb)
* [[Hively Tracker module]] (.hvl)
* [[Ice Tracker module]]
* [[Imago Orpheus module]] (.imf)
* Impulse Tracker
** [[Impulse Tracker module]] (.it, .itbz, .itgz, .itr, .itz)
** [[Impulse Tracker sample]] (.its)
* [[JAMCracker Pro module]] (.jam)
* jacker-tracker
** [[Jacker song]]
* klystrack
** [[klystrack instrument]] (.ki)
** [[klystrack module]] (.kt)
* [[KRIS Packer / ChipTracker module]] (.kris)
* Liquid Tracker
** [[Liquid Digitized Sample]] (.lds)
** [[Liquid Tracker module]] (.liq)
* MadTracker 2
** [[MadTracker 2 envelope]] (.mte)
** [[MadTracker 2 extension]] (.mtx)
** [[MadTracker 2 instrument]] (.mti)
** [[MadTracker 2 module]] (.mt2)
** [[MadTracker 2 pattern]] (.mtp)
** [[MadTracker 2 sample]] (.mts)
* maxYMiser
** [[maxYMiser instrument]] (.myi)
** [[maxYMiser module]] (.snd)
* [[Megatracker module]] (.mgt)
* [[MO3]] (MP3 / Vorbis compressed module)
* [[MOD Edit sample]] (.sam)
* [[Module Protector + noID]] (.mp)
* Microdeal Quartet
** [[4V]]
* [[MONOTONE]] (.mon, .pit, .frq)
* Moonblaster (MSX)
** [[Moonblaster music]] (.mbm)
** [[Moonblaster sample kit]] (.mbk)
* [[Multi Track Module]] (.mtm)
* Muse Tracker / Pornotracker
** [[Musetracker / Pornotracker instrument]] (.poi)
** [[Musetracker / Pornotracker module]] (.pom)
* Music Pro Tracker
** [[Music Pro Tracker DoublePlay]] (.mpd)
** [[Music Pro Tracker module (MD1)]] (.md1)
** [[Music Pro Tracker module (MD2)]] (.md2)
** [[Music Pro Tracker module (MPT)]] (.mpt)
* [[The Music Studio|Music Studio, The]] (Activision / Audio Light) (.sng, .song, .mss, .snd, .sound)
* [[Nerdtracker II module]] (.ned)
* [[NesTracker module]] (.nest)
* NoisePacker
** [[NoisePacker 2.x]] (.np2)
** [[NoisePacker 3.x]] (.np3)
* [[NoiseTracker module]] (.mod)
* [[Noisetrekker module]] (.ntk)
* OctaMED
** [[OctaMED module (MED)]] (.med)
** [[OctaMED module (MMD1)]] (.mmd1)
** [[OctaMED v2.00 module]] (.med3)
** [[OctaMED v2.10 module (MED4)]] (.med4)
** [[OctaMED v2.10 module (MMD0)]] (.mmd0)
** [[OctaMED v5 module]] (.mmd2)
** [[OctaMED SS module]] (.mmd3)
** [[MED Packer]] (.mmdc)
* Oktalyzer
** [[Oktalyzer module]] (.okt, .okta)
* [[Onyx Music File]] (.omf)
* [[Open MODPlug Tracker module]] (.mptm)
* [[Oracle module]] (.orc)
* [[Pha Packer]] (.pha)
* PlayerPRO
** [[Extended PlayerPRO module]] (.madx)
** [[PlayerPRO module]] (.mad)
* [[Polly Tracker module]]
* [[Poly Tracker module]] (.ptm)
* [[Polytone]] (.pol)
* [[Pro Sound Creator v1.xx]] (.psc, ZX Spectrum)
* [[Pro Sound Maker]] (.psm)
* Pro Tracker
** [[Pro Tracker v1.xx module]] (.pt1)
** [[Pro Tracker v2.xx module]] (.pt2)
** [[Pro Tracker v3.xx module]] (.pt3)
* [[Pro Tracker (MSX)]] (MSX-Music, extension unknown)
* ProTrekkr (.ptk)
* [[Pumatracker module]] (.puma)
* [[Quadra Composer module]] (.emod)
* [[RASTER Music Tracker module]] (.rmt)
* Real Tracker
** [[Real Tracker instrument]] (.rti)
** [[Real Tracker module]] (.rtm)
** [[Real Tracker sample]] (.rts)
* [[Renoise]]
** [[Renoise|Renoise song (XRNS)]] (.xrns)
** [[Renoise|Renoise instrument (XRNS)]] (.xrni)
** [[Renoise|Renoise effect chain (XRNT)]] (.xrnt)
** [[Renoise Song (NTK)]] (.ntk)
** [[Renoise Song (PTK)]] (.ptk)
** [[Renoise Song (RNS)]] (.rns)
* [[SBStudio module]] (.pac, .son, .sou)
* SCC Blaffer NT
** [[SCC Blaffer NT music]] (.sbm, MSX)
** [[SCC Blaffer NT instrument kit]] (.sbk)
* Scream Tracker
** [[Scream Tracker Music Interface Kit module]]
** [[Scream Tracker 1 & 2 module]] (.stm)
** [[Scream Tracker 3 Adlib module]] (.as3m)
** [[Scream Tracker 3 module]] (.s3m)
** [[Scream Tracker 3 / DigiTracker sample]] (.s31)
** [[Scream Tracker 3 / DigiTracker sample]] (.smp)
* [[SMUS]]
* [[SoundFX module]] (.sfx, .sfx2)
* Sound Tracker
** [[Soundtracker v2.6 / Ice Tracker module]] (.mtn)
** [[SoundTracker v2.6 module]] (.st26)
** [[Sound Tracker / Super Sonic module]] (.stc)
** [[Sound Tracker Pro module]] (.stp)
* [[SoundSmith module]] (.mtp)
* Soundtrakker
** [[Soundtrakker 128 instrument]] (.ins)
** [[Soundtrakker 128 module]] (.128)
** [[Soundtrakker v1.x instrument]] (.ins)
** [[Soundtrakker v1.x module]] (.sng)
* [[SQ-Tracker module]] (.sqt)
* [[Starkos Tracker module]] (.sks)
* [[StarTrekker / Star Tracker module]] (.mod, .nt, .flt4)
* [[SunVox module]] (.sunvox)
* TFMX
** [[TFMX pattern data]] (.mdat)
** [[TFMX 7V pattern data]] (.mdat)
** [[TFMX Pro pattern data]] (.mdat)
** [[TFMX sample data]] (.smpl)
* Theta Music Composer
** [[Theta Music Composer 8-channel stereo module]] (.tm8)
** [[Theta Music Composer v1.x module]] (.tmc)
** [[Theta Music Composer v2.x module]] (.tm2)
* [[Trackerpacker 3 module]] (.tp3)
* [[Unic Tracker 1.0]] (.unic1)
* [[Unic Tracker 2.0]] (.unic2)
* [[Ultra Tracker]] (.ult)
* [[Velvet_Studio]] (.ams)
* [[VIC-TRACKER module]] (.vt)
* [[Vortex Tracker module]] (.vtx)
* X-Tracker
** [[D-Lusion Music File]] (.dmf)
** [[D-Lusion Sound File]] (.dms)

== Musical instrument control ==

* [[ELECTONE]] - For Yamaha Electone Range Electronic Organs
** [[BOO]] - Part of the [[ELECTONE]] format.
** [[EVT]] - Part of the [[ELECTONE]] format.
* MIDI & Clones
** [[Compact MIDI]]
** [[GMD]] ([[MIDI]] clone)
** [[Gravis Ultrasound patch]] (used by MIDI synthesizers)
** [[HMI]] ([[MIDI]] clone)
** [[HMP]] ([[MIDI]] clone)
** [[HMZ]] (Compressed [[MIDI]])
** [[KAR]] ([[MIDI]] Audio)
** [[MIDI]] (Musical Instrument Digital Interface)
*** [[MIDI Instrument Definition File]]
** [[MIDS]] ([[MIDI]] clone)
** [[MIZ]] (Compressed [[MIDI]])
** [[MSS (MIDI)|MSS]] ([[MIDI]] Clone)
** [[RIFF MIDI]]
** [[RIFF MIDS]]
** [[Sample Vision]] (.smp)
** [[Scalable Polyphony MIDI]]
** [[sfArk]] (SoundFont archive compressed file)
** [[SoundFont 1.0]] (.sbk)
** [[SoundFont 2.0]] (.sf2)
** [[Synthetic Music Application Format]]
** [[XMI (Extended MIDI)]]
** [[ZIPI]] (proposed MIDI replacement)
* Hardware specific
** AdLib Sound Cards
*** [[AdLib instrument]] (.ins)
*** [[AdLib instrument bank]] (.bnk)
*** [[AdLib MSCplay]] (.msc)
*** [[AdLib music]] (.mus)
*** Adlib Tracker
**** [[Adlib Tracker instrument]] (.ins)
**** [[Adlib Tracker module]] (.sng)
**** [[Adlib Tracker II instrument]] (.a2i)
**** [[Adlib Tracker II instrument|Adlib Tracker II instrument with fm-register macro]] (.a2f)
**** [[Adlib Tracker II instrument bank]] (.a2b)
**** [[Adlib Tracker II instrument bank|Adlib Tracker II instrument bank with macros]] (.a2w)
**** [[Adlib Tracker II module]] (.a2m)
**** [[Adlib Tracker II pattern]] (.a2p)
**** [[Adlib Tracker II module|Adlib Tracker II tiny module]] (.a2t)
*** [[AdLib Visual Composer / Roland Synthesizer song]] (.rol)
*** AMusic
**** [[AMusic module]] (.amd)
**** [[AMusic XMS]] (.xms)
*** [[Beni Tracker module]] (.pis)
*** [[Bob's Adlib Music]] (.bam)
*** Boom Tracker v4.0
**** [[Boom Tracker v4.0 instrument]] (.cif)
**** [[Boom Tracker v4.0 module]] (.cff)
*** [[DeFy Adlib Tracker module]] (.dtm)
*** [[Digital FM module]] (.dfm)
*** [[Drum Traker module]] (.dtl)
*** [[EdLib packed module]] (.d00)
*** [[Exotic AdLib module]] (.xad)
*** [[Extra Simple Music]] (.xsm)
*** [[Faust Music Creator module]] (.sng)
*** [[FM Tracker module]] (.fmt)
*** FM-Kingtracker
**** [[FM-Kingtracker bank]] (.fib)
**** [[FM-Kingtracker instrument]] (.fin)
**** [[FM-Kingtracker module]] (.fmk)
*** HSC AdLib Composer / HSC-Tracker
**** [[HSC AdLib Composer / HSC-Tracker module]] (.hsc)
**** [[HSC AdLib Composer / HSC-Tracker packed module]] (.hsp)
*** [[JBM Adlib Music]] (.jbl)
*** JCH
**** [[JCH-D00]] (.d00)
**** [[JCH-D01]] (.d01)
*** [[Johannes Bjerregård module]] (.jbm)
*** [[Master Tracker module]] (.mtr)
*** [[MK-Jamz audio]] (.mkj)
*** [[Mlat Adlib Tracker module]] (.mad)
*** [[MPU-401 Trakker module]] (.mtk)
*** [[Palladix module]] (.plx)
*** [[RAW (Adlib)|RAW]] (AdLib Sound Card)
*** [[Reality AdLib Tracker module]] (.rad)
*** [[SNG Player module]] (.sng)
*** Surprise! Adlib Tracker
**** [[Surprise! AdLib Tracker v1, 5, 6 module]] (.sat)
**** [[Surprise! Adlib Tracker v2.0]] (.sa2)
*** [[Twin TrackPlayer module]] (.dmo)
*** [[Vibrants module]] (.vib)
*** [[XMS-Tracker module]] (.xms)
** Akai
*** [[Akai S-series MESA multi file]] (.mlt)
*** [[Akai S-series MESA I program]] (.prg)
*** [[Akai S-series MESA II program]] (.s3p)
** [[Codisk Audio File]]
** Creative Labs
*** [[Creative Music Format]] (.cmf)
*** [[Creative Voice File]]
*** [[Sound Blaster Instrument]] (.sbi)
** [[Disney Sound Source]]
** [[DOSBox Raw OPL]] (.dro)
** [[Downloadable Sounds Banks]] (.dls)
** [[Ensoniq Concert Wavetable]] (.ecw)
** Gravis Ultrasound
*** [[UltraSound GF1 patch]] (.pat)
** [[Instrument Bank]] (Instrument Bank)
** [[Software Music Synthesis System]] (for 8080/Z-80 systems with S-100 bus)
** [[TRS-80 Orchestra-90]] (.orc)
** [[Voice Sequence]] (.vsq)
** Yamaha sound chips
*** [[Callus OPL Register Log]] (YM2151, .cym)
*** [[GYM]] (YM2612 / Sega Genesis)
* Software Synthesizers
** [[Farbrausch BR404 music]] (.bmf)
** [[iZotope iDrum]] (.idrum)
** Native Instruments
*** [[Native Instruments Reaktor ensemble]] (.ens)
** Steinberg VST Presets
*** [[FXB]] (Bank of presets)
*** [[FXP]] (single preset)
* [[E-Seq]] Yamaha (.fil, .esq)
* [[ISM]] Roland (.rsc, .rsd)

== Musical notation ==

* [[Drum tablature]]
* [[Guitar tablatures]]
** [[ASCII tab]] (.tab, .btab, .txt)
** [[Guitar Pro]] (.gtp)
*** [[Guitar Pro 3]] (.gp3)
*** [[Guitar Pro 4]] (.gp4)
*** [[Guitar Pro 5]] (.gp5)
*** [[Guitar Pro 6]] (.gp6)
** [[KGuitar]] (.kg)
** [[Power Tab]] (.ptb)
** [[Progression]]
** [[Rich MIDI Tablature Format]] (.rmtf)
** [[TablEdit]] (.tef)
** [[VexTab]]

* [[Musical notation]]
** [[ABC (musical notation)]]
** [[ANSI Music]]
** Capella
*** [[CAP]]
*** [[CapXML]] (.capx)
** [[ChordML]]
** [[ConcertWare]]
** Copyist
*** [[CP4]]
*** [[CP6]]
** [[Crescendo]] (.cdo)
** [[Dorico]] (.dorico)
** [[Encore]] (.enc)
** [[Extended Notation Format]] (.enf)
** [[Extensible Music Notation Markup Language]]
** [[Finale]] (.etf, .mus, .musx)
** [[Forte]] (.fnf)
** Guido
*** [[GUIDO]]
*** [[GUIDO XML]]
** JMSL
*** [[JMSL]]
*** [[JMSL Score]]
** [[JScoreML]]
** [[LilyPond]]
** [[MEI]]
** [[MHTML]]
** [[MidiXML]]
** [[minimusic]]
** [[MPEG4-SMR]]
** [[Mup]]
** MuseScore
*** [[MSCX]] - [[XML|XML file format]]
*** [[MSCZ]] - [[ZIP]] compressed [[MSCX]]
** [[Music Description Language]]
** [[Music Markup Language]]
** [[Music Time]] (.mus)
** [[Music Time Pro]] (.mts)
** [[Musical Notation Markup Language]]
** [[MusicML]]
** [[MusicWrite]] (.mwk)
** [[MusicXML]]
** [[MusicXML compressed]] (.mxl)
** [[Musink]] (.musink)
** [[MusiqueXML]]
** [[MusiXML]]
** [[Myriad Software]] (.msf)
** [[NeumesXML]]
** [[Neuratron Photoscore Format]] (.opt)
** [[Notation Interchange File Format]]
** [[NoteAbility Pro]]
** [[Noteworthy Composer and Music Publisher]] (.nwc)
** [[NoteWriter]]
** [[Notion]]
** [[NtEd]]
** [[Overture]] (.ove)
** [[PriMus]]
** [[Rhapsody Notation Program File]] (.rhp)
** [[Rhapsody 2/3]] (RISC OS. Unrelated to the above "Rhapsody Notation Program File")
** [[Rhapsody 4]] (RISC OS, .c00)
** [[Rosegarden]] (.rg)
** [[QuickScore Elite]] (.qsd)
** [[SCORE]] (.mus)
** [[Score Perfect]] (.spp)
** [[ScoreML]]
** [[ScoreWriter]] (.scw)
** [[Sibelius]]
** [[SMDL]]
** [[SongWrite]]
** [[Studio Session Song]] (.sss)
** [[Theta]]
** [[Tilia]]
** [[VexTab]]
** [[Virtual Musician Markup Language]]
** [[WEDELMUSIC]]
** [[XMF]]
** [[XMusic]]
** [[XScore]] (eXtensible Score Language)

== Playlists, music libraries, music store downloaders ==

* [[Amazon downloader file]] (.amz)
* [[B4S]] (Winamp 3 playlist)
* [[FPL]] (foobar2000 playlist)
* [[iTunes Music Library]]
* [[Kapsule]] (Kazaa XML Manifest)
* [[KPL]] (Kazaa Playlist Format)
* [[M3U]] (Multimedia Playlist Format)
* [[MAGMA]] ([[Magnet URI]])
* [[MOD4WIN Module List]] (.mol)
* [[MusicBee Library]] (.mbl)
* [[PLS]] (Multimedia Playlist)
* [[RAM (RealAudio)]]
* [[SMIL]] (W3C open standard)
* [[Windows Media Metafile]] (.asx, .wax, .wxv)
* [[Windows Media Playlist]] (.wpl)
* [[XML Sharable Playlist]]

== Programming languages and APIs (audio/music-specific) ==

* [[ChucK]] (.ck)
* [[Csound]] (.csd, .orc, .sco)
* Cycling 74 [[Max]] (.maxpat, .max)
* [[FAUST]] (.dsp)
* [[Music Macro Language]]
* Native Instruments [[Reaktor]] (.rkplr)
* [[Pure Data]] (.pd)
* [[Scala (music software)]] (.kbm, .scl, .cmd)
* [[SuperCollider]] (.scd, .sc)
* [[WaveGL]]
* [[Web Audio API]]

== Ringtones ==

* [[i Melody]]
* [[M4R]] (Apple iPhone Ringtones - see [[M4A]])
* [[Polyphonic ringtone]]
* [[RTTTL]]

== Signal processing ==

These aren't specific file formats, but generic mathematical methods used by other file formats.

* [[A-law]]
* [[ADPCM]]
* [[DPCM]]
* [[LPCM]]
* [[Pulse code modulation]]
* [[µ-law]] (u-law)

== Software ==

Refer to [[Audio software]].

== Sound card related formats ==

* [[CMS (Creative Music System)]]

== Speech synthesis ==

* [[Microsoft TTS voice data]] (.vce, .spd)
* [[Microsoft TTS voice definition]] (.cfg, .sdf)
* [[Speech Synthesis Markup Language]] (SSML)
* [[TextGrid]]
* [[VoiceDescription]] (OS X)

== Unclassified (need to move to other categories) ==

* [[ACM]] (Audio Compression Manager)
* [[ADM]] (ADM Audio File)
* [[AIL real mode driver]]
* [[Audfprint fingerprint file]] (.afpk)
* [[AVR]]
* [[B1S]]
* [[BDSP]] (BotDetect Sound Package)
* [[BVG]]
* [[CBD2]]
* CLF
** [[Common Loudspeaker Format]]
** [[Common Instrument Format]]
* [[DeskMate Music]] (.sng)
* [[DeskMate Sound]] (.snd)
* [[DIGPAK sound driver]]
* [[DSM]] (DSIK Internal)
* [[DSPW]]
* [[DTK]]
* [[EUPHONY]] (FM Towns computer system)
* [[FFW]]
* [[First Rate Music Hall]] (.pck, MSX-Music song editor using [[Music Macro Language]])
* [[GBTS]]
* [[GCUB]]
* [[GSB]]
* [[HLWAV]]
* [[IAB]]
* [[IADP]]
* [[INT]] (RAW File)
* [[ISWS]]
* [[JSTM]]
* [[KOVS]]
* [[MA]] (Music Assembler)
* [[Micronas SC4]]
* [[MNSTR]]
* [[MSF]]
* [[MT9]]
* [[MTAF]]
* [[Photo CD Audio]]
* [[PIANOMAN PLAYER PIANO self-playing song]]
* [[S98]] (NEC PC-98)
* [[SD]] (ESPS sampled data file)
* [[SFPack]]
* [[SGI (Sound Generator)|SGI]] (Sound Generator 3.0 instrument)
* [[SigmaStudio]] (.dspproj)
* [[SNG (SCC Musixx)|SNG]] (SCC Musixx)
* [[Somera Sound Format]]
* [[Sound Club song]]
* [[Sound Description Interchange Format]] (SDIF)
* [[Sound Effect Editor]] (.see, MSX)
* [[SoundHelix XML]]
* [[TFMX]] (TFMX)
* [[TSAC]] [https://bellard.org/tsac/]
* [[VCOMP (Blaster Master)]]
* [[Vivaldi]] (RISC OS)
* [[WAVTOEXE (Rezaul Kabir)]]
* [[Zsound Music]]

See the Open Cubic Player homepage for a list of demo formats: http://www.cubic.org/player/features.html

See also [[Piano Rolls]] (which is under the [[Physical File Formats]]).

== Links ==
* [http://boingboing.net/2013/09/20/kickstarting-free-open-record.html Kickstarting free, open recordings of Bach's "Well-Tempered Clavier, Book 1"]
* [http://mpc-hc.org/ MPC-HC: media player for Windows handling just about all video/audio formats]
* [http://boingboing.net/2013/09/27/david-byrnes-how-music-wor.html How Music Works]
* [http://www.textfiles.com/programming/FORMATS/admusfmt.pro Some discussion of "advanced music formats" from 1994]
* [http://www.textfiles.com/programming/FORMATS/audiof23.txt FAQ on audio file formats (1992-07-09)]
* [http://boingboing.net/2013/11/03/this-must-be-the-8-bit-place.html Chiptune version of Talking Heads song]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Z2vU8M6CYI Beatles 3000: humorous video of how the future might misunderstand 20th century pop culture if artifacts decay as happened in the past]
* [http://publicdomainreview.tumblr.com/post/76437123224/chaoscontrolled123-luke-and-i-were-looking-at The Music Written on This Dude's Butt]
* [http://vimeo.com/58200103 "Eye of the tiger" played on a modified dot matrix printer]
* [http://chipflip.wordpress.com/2014/03/09/a-short-history-of-hardcore-chipmusic/ A Short History of Hardcore Chipmusic]
* [https://medium.com/message/you-need-to-hear-this-extremely-rare-recording-27619411e077 You Need to Hear This Extremely Rare Recording]
* [http://www.loc.gov/preservation/resources/rfs/audio.html Library of Congress Recommended Format Specifications: Audio Works]
* [http://betaboston.com/news/2014/07/17/in-a-bid-for-more-emotional-snacking-frito-lay-patents-culinary-theme-songs/ In a bid for more emotional snacking, Frito-Lay patents culinary theme songs]
* [http://www.theverge.com/2014/8/4/5968243/mit-turns-recorded-vibrations-back-into-speech-and-music Scientists reconstruct speech through soundproof glass by watching a bag of potato chips]
* [http://www.palmbeachpost.com/ap/ap/business/apple-releases-tool-to-remove-free-u2-album/nhNG9/ Apple releases tool to remove free U2 album] (which they gave you whether you wanted it or not)
* [https://github.com/AyrA/ExcelPlayer Excel sheet that plays video and audio]
* [http://webaudio.github.io/web-audio-api/ Web Audio API (W3C)]
* [http://www.wonderingsound.com/feature/why-collecting-music-matters/ Why Collecting Matters: Citizen Archivists and the Battle for Future Pasts]
* [http://mediaarea.net/en/MediaInfo MediaInfo: software that shows metadata for audio/video files]
* [http://www.bl.uk/projects/save-our-sounds Save our Sounds]
* [http://www.davidsystems.com/#tools David Systems tools: includes online loudness analysis of sound files]
* [http://createdigitalmusic.com/2015/07/next-web-standard-music-notation/ The next Web standard could be music notation]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q_3d1x2VPxk How Oldschool Sound/Music worked] (video)
* [http://www.crutchfield.com/S-ulligiNLBZf/learn/learningcenter/home/hometheater_surround.html Understanding surround sound formats]
* [http://www.righto.com/2017/04/reverse-engineering-76477-space.html Reverse engineering the 76477 "Space Invaders" sound effect chip from die photos]

[[Category:Audio and Music| ]]

DesignCAD

2026-03-30T03:54:26Z

Thorsted: /* Format Information */

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|subcat=3D and CAD/CAM Models
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|pronom={{PRONOM|x-fmt/312}}, {{PRONOM|x-fmt/313}}
|wikidata={{wikidata|Q48810278}}
}}
DesignCAD is Computer Aided Design software developed by American Small Business Computers, Inc. in the mid 1980's.<ref>https://archive.org/details/PC_Computing_1988_12/page/n241/mode/1up</ref> It was acquired by IMSI in 2003.<ref>https://imsidesign.com/company/history</ref>

DesignCAD 2D and 3D Max are still sold.<ref>https://imsidesign.com/products/designcad/</ref>

==Format Information==
Early DOS versions
* '''DC2''' are 2D drawing files in a plain ASCII.
* '''DC3''' are 3D drawing files in a plain ASCII.
* '''DW2''' are 2D drawing files in a binary format, may have <code>E8030600</code> header.
* '''DW3''' are 3D drawing files in a binary format, may have <code>4C040400</code> header.

Windows versions
* '''DC''' are drawing files used until version 11. Uses [[OLE]] container format.
* '''DCD''' are drawing files used after version 12. Uses [[OLE]] container format.

== Screens ==
[[Image:Dc_000.raw1_2.png|500px]]

== References ==
<references/>

[[Category:Microsoft Compound File]]

Category:File formats with extension .dcd

2026-03-30T03:07:47Z

Thorsted: Created page with "D"

[[Category:File formats by extension|D]]

DesignCAD

2026-03-30T03:07:27Z

Thorsted:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=3D and CAD/CAM Models
|extensions={{ext|dc}}, {{ext|dc2}}, {{ext|dc3}}, {{ext|dw2}}, {{ext|dw3}}, {{ext|dcd}}
|pronom={{PRONOM|x-fmt/312}}, {{PRONOM|x-fmt/313}}
|wikidata={{wikidata|Q48810278}}
}}
DesignCAD is Computer Aided Design software developed by American Small Business Computers, Inc. in the mid 1980's.<ref>https://archive.org/details/PC_Computing_1988_12/page/n241/mode/1up</ref> It was acquired by IMSI in 2003.<ref>https://imsidesign.com/company/history</ref>

DesignCAD 2D and 3D Max are still sold.<ref>https://imsidesign.com/products/designcad/</ref>

==Format Information==
Early DOS versions
* '''DC2''' are 2D drawing files in a plain ASCII.
* '''DC3''' are 3D drawing files in a plain ASCII.

Windows versions
* '''DC''' are drawing files used until version 11. Uses [[OLE]] container format.
* '''DCD''' are drawing files used after version 12. Uses [[OLE]] container format.

== Screens ==
[[Image:Dc_000.raw1_2.png|500px]]

== References ==
<references/>

[[Category:Microsoft Compound File]]

DesignCAD

2026-03-30T03:07:11Z

Thorsted:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=3D and CAD/CAM Models
|extensions={{ext|dc}}, {{ext|dc2}}, {{ext|dc3}}, {{ext|dw2}}, {{ext|dw3}}
|pronom={{PRONOM|x-fmt/312}}, {{PRONOM|x-fmt/313}}
|wikidata={{wikidata|Q48810278}}
}}
DesignCAD is Computer Aided Design software developed by American Small Business Computers, Inc. in the mid 1980's.<ref>https://archive.org/details/PC_Computing_1988_12/page/n241/mode/1up</ref> It was acquired by IMSI in 2003.<ref>https://imsidesign.com/company/history</ref>

DesignCAD 2D and 3D Max are still sold.<ref>https://imsidesign.com/products/designcad/</ref>

==Format Information==
Early DOS versions
* '''DC2''' are 2D drawing files in a plain ASCII.
* '''DC3''' are 3D drawing files in a plain ASCII.

Windows versions
* '''DC''' are drawing files used until version 11. Uses [[OLE]] container format.
* '''DCD''' are drawing files used after version 12. Uses [[OLE]] container format.

== Screens ==
[[Image:Dc_000.raw1_2.png|500px]]

== References ==
<references/>

[[Category:Microsoft Compound File]]

DesignCAD

2026-03-30T03:06:22Z

Thorsted: /* Format Information */

DesignCAD

2026-03-29T05:19:43Z

Thorsted:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=3D and CAD/CAM Models
|extensions={{ext|dc}}, {{ext|dc2}}, {{ext|dc3}}, {{ext|dw2}}, {{ext|dw3}}
|pronom={{PRONOM|x-fmt/312}}, {{PRONOM|x-fmt/313}}
|wikidata={{wikidata|Q48810278}}
}}
DesignCAD is Computer Aided Design software developed by American Small Business Computers, Inc. in the mid 1980's.<ref>https://archive.org/details/PC_Computing_1988_12/page/n241/mode/1up</ref> It was acquired by IMSI in 2003.<ref>https://imsidesign.com/company/history</ref>

DesignCAD 2D and 3D Max are still sold.<ref>https://imsidesign.com/products/designcad/</ref>

==Format Information==
Early DOS versions
* '''DC2''' are 2D drawing files in a plain ASCII.
* '''DC3''' are 3D drawing files in a plain ASCII.

== Screens ==
[[Image:Dc_000.raw1_2.png|500px]]

== References ==
<references/>

Category:File formats with extension .dw3

2026-03-29T05:02:23Z

Thorsted: Created page with "D"

[[Category:File formats by extension|D]]

Category:File formats with extension .dw2

2026-03-29T05:02:15Z

Thorsted: Created page with "D"

[[Category:File formats by extension|D]]

Category:File formats with extension .dc3

2026-03-29T05:02:03Z

Thorsted: Created page with "D"

[[Category:File formats by extension|D]]

Category:File formats with extension .dc2

2026-03-29T05:01:53Z

Thorsted: Created page with "D"

[[Category:File formats by extension|D]]

Category:File formats with extension .dc

2026-03-29T05:01:46Z

Thorsted: Created page with "D"

[[Category:File formats by extension|D]]

DesignCAD

2026-03-29T05:00:55Z

Thorsted: Created page with "{{FormatInfo |formattype=electronic |subcat=3D and CAD/CAM Models |extensions={{ext|dc}}, {{ext|dc2}}, {{ext|dc3}}, {{ext|dw2}}, {{ext|dw3}} |pronom={{PRONOM|x-fmt/312}} |wiki..."

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=3D and CAD/CAM Models
|extensions={{ext|dc}}, {{ext|dc2}}, {{ext|dc3}}, {{ext|dw2}}, {{ext|dw3}}
|pronom={{PRONOM|x-fmt/312}}
|wikidata={{wikidata|Q48810278}}
}}
DesignCAD is Computer Aided Design software developed by American Small Business Computers, Inc. in the mid 1980's.<ref>https://archive.org/details/PC_Computing_1988_12/page/n241/mode/1up</ref> It was acquired by IMSI in 2003.<ref>https://imsidesign.com/company/history</ref>

DesignCAD 2D and 3D Max are still sold.<ref>https://imsidesign.com/products/designcad/</ref>

==Format Information==
Early DOS versions
* '''DC2''' are 2D drawing files in a plain ASCII.
* '''DC3''' are 3D drawing files in a plain ASCII.

== Screens ==
[[Image:Dc_000.raw1_2.png|500px]]

== References ==
<references/>

File:Dc 000.raw1 2.png

2026-03-29T04:35:11Z

Thorsted: DesignCAD screenshot showing file formats

DesignCAD screenshot showing file formats

3D and CAD/CAM Models

2026-03-29T04:08:45Z

Thorsted: /* CAD */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|thiscat=3D and CAD/CAM Models
|image=Raytracing reflection-400.png
}}

== 3D Modeling ==
* [[3DM]] - OpenNURBS Initiative 3D Model (used by Rhinoceros 3D) (.3dm)
* [[3DMF]] - QuickDraw 3D Metafile (.3dmf)
* [[3DS]] - Legacy 3D Studio Model (.3ds)
** [[LFT]] - 3DS Loft Object
** [[SHP]] - 3DS Shapes File
** [[PRJ]] - 3DS Project File
* [[3D Tiles]] ([http://www.opengis.net/doc/CS/3DTiles/1.0 OGC Spec])
* [[3MF]] - 3D Manufacturing Format
* [[4D Paint]]
* [[AC3D Model]] (.ac)
* [[Adobe Aero]] (.real)
* [[Adobe Dimension]] (.dn)
* [[Adobe Dimensions]] (.dim)
* [[Adobe PRC]] (embedded in PDF files)
* [[Additive Manufacturing File Format|AMF]] - Additive Manufacturing File Format
* [[Agisoft]] (.psx, .psz, .oc3, .tls)
* [[Anim8or]] - Anim8or Model (.an8)
* [[Alembic]] (.abc)
* [[AOI (Art of Illusion)|AOI]] - Art of Illusion Model (.aoi)
* [[Appearance eXchange Format]] (.AxF) [https://www.xrite.com/axf 1]
* [[AWD (Away3D)]]
* [[BGA (mesh)|BGA]] (.bga)
* [[BLEND]] - Blender (.blend)
* [[Blitz3D Model]] (.b3d)
* [[BLOCK]] - Blender encrypted blend files (.block)
* [[Bob ray tracer scene description]]
* [[BRL-CAD geometry]] (.g)
* [[C4D]] - Cinema 4D (.c4d)
* [[Cal3D]] - Cal3D (.cal3d)
* [[Caligari trueSpace]] (.cob, .scn)
* [[Canoma]] (.3dv)
* [[CCP4]] - X-ray crystallography voxels (electron density)
* [[CFL]] - Compressed File Library (.cfl)
* [[CORE3D]] - Unknown format possibly connected with Coreona 3D or Corona 3D (.core3d)
* [[OpenCTM]] - OpenCTM (.ctm)
* [[COLLADA]] - COLLADA (.dae)
* [[Daz Scene Object Notation]] (.dson)[http://docs.daz3d.com/doku.php/public/dson_spec/start 1]
* [[DKBTrace scene description]] - DKB Ray Tracer (.dat)
* [[DMX model]] - Valve
* [[Doré Raster]]
* [[dotXSI]] - Softimage
* [[DPM]] - deepMesh (.dpm)
* [[DTS]] - Torque Game Engine (.dts)
* [[EGG]] - Panda3D Engine
* [[Euclid (Ace Computing)|Euclid]] - 3D design file format (Ace Computing)
* [[FACT]] - Electric Image (.fac)
* [[FBX]] - Autodesk FBX (.fbx)
* [[FMZ]] - FormZ Project file
* [[Fusion 360]] (.f3d)
* [[GLM]] - Ghoul Mesh (.glm)
* [[glTF]] (.gltf)
* [[IGB]] - Google Earth 3D model (.igb)
* [[Imagine Object File]] (Variety of FORM [[TDDD]])
* [[Imagine Texture File]]
* [[Infini-D]] (.ids)
* [[Instant 3D]] (.i3d, .e3d)
* [[JAS]] - Cheetah 3D file (.jas)
* [[Laubwerk]] (.lbw)
* [[LSB]] - Lightscape scene binary format (.lsb)
* [[LightWave Object]] (.lwo, LWOB, LWLO, LWO2)
* [[LightWave Scene]] (.lws, LWSC)
* [[LXO]] - Luxology Modo (software) file (.lxo)
* [[MAX (3ds Max)|MAX]] - Autodesk 3D Studio Max file (.max)
* [[Maya scene]] - Autodesk Maya ASCII or Binary File (.ma, .mb)
* [[MD2]] - Quake 2 model format (.md2)
* [[MD3]] - Quake 3 model format (.md3)
* [[MD4 (Quake)|MD4]] - Quake MD4 model format (used in later Quake 3 versions) (.md4)
* [[MDX (Blizzard)|MDX]] - Blizzard Entertainment's own model format (.mdx)
* [[Mesh (NYU)]] - New York University (.m)
* [[MeshLab]] (.mlp, .mlb)
* [[MeshMixer]] (.mix)
* [[Meshwork model]] (.mesh)
* [[MM3D]] - Misfit Model 3d (.mm3d)
* [[MilkShape model]] (.ms3d)
* [[MilkShape ASCII]] (.txt)
* [[Navisworks]] (.nwd .nwf .nwc)
* [[Nexus 3D]] (.nxz, .nxs)
* [[NFF]] - Haines NFF, Neutral File Format
* [[NIF]] - Gamebryo NetImmerse File (.nif)
* [[OFF (DEC-WSE Object File Format)]]
* [[OFF (Geomview Object File Format)]]
* [[OpenSceneGraph]] (.osg, .osgt)
* [[Outerra engine]] (.otx) (used in Anteworld game)
* [[P3D (PSC)]] - Pittsburgh Supercomputer Center 3D Metafile
* [[Parasolid]] (.x_t, .x_b)
* [[PLY]]
* [[Poser Scene]]
* [[POV-Ray scene description]] - Persistence of Vision Raytracer (.pov)
* [[POV-Ray density file]] - Persistence of Vision Raytracer (.df3)
* [[PRT scene description]] - Parallel Ray Trace
* [[Ptex]]
* [[QRT Ray Tracer scene description]] (.qrt)
* [[Radiance Scene Description]] (.rad)
* [[Ray Dream]] (.rd4, .rds, d3d)
* [[Rayshade scene description]] (.ray)
* [[ReCap]] (.rcp, .rcs)
* [[RenderWare binary stream file]] (.dff) -- commonly used by Grand Theft Auto III-era games as well as other RenderWare titles
* [[RenderWare object]] (.rwx)
* [[RGE]] Shining 3D Range File
* [[RIB]] - RenderMan Interface Bytestream / Pixar / 3D Reality
* [[Sense8 NFF]] - WorldToolkit Neutral File Format
* [[SGI YAODL]] - Yet Another Object Description Language, Power-Flip Format
* [[SGO]] - Silicon Graphics Object, Showcase
* [[SIA]] - Nevercenter Silo Object (.sia)
* [[SIB]] - Nevercenter Silo Object (.sib)
* [[Simply 3D Geometry]] (.ged)
* [[Simply 3D]] (.s3d)
* [[SKN/BMF]] - A 3D mesh format associated with The Sims [http://simtech.sourceforge.net/tech/bmf.html]
* [[SKP]] - Google Sketchup file (.skp)
* [[SolidWorks]]
** [[SLDASM]] - SolidWorks Assembly Document (.sldasm)
** [[SLDPRT]] - SolidWorks Part Document (.sldprt)
** [[eDrawing]] (.eprt, .easm, .edrw)
** [[HOOPS Stream File]] (.hsf)
* [[Softimage SCN]]
* [[Strata 3D]] (.s3d)
* [[Studiomdl Data]] - Valve (.smd)
* [[Substance]] (.sbs, .sbsar) -- used by Substance family of programs, and found in Substance Source library
* [[SVX]] - Shapeways voxel format. (.svx)
* [[TDDD]] - Turbo Silver 3D Data Description, T3D
* [[TTDDD]] - Textual TDDD
* [[Tilt Brush]] (.tilt)
* [[U3D]] - Universal 3D file format (.u3d)
** [[IDTF]] - Intermediate Data Text Format
* [[Universal Scene Description]] - Pixar USD
* [[USDZ]] [https://graphics.pixar.com/usd/files/USDZFileFormatSpecification.pdf]
* [[VDAFS]] (.vda)
* [[Vivid scene description]] (.v)
* [[VO (Vector Object Utils)]]
* [[VORT art scene]] (.scn)
* [[VRML]] - Virtual reality modeling language (.wrl)
* [[VTK]] - Visualization Toolkit (.vtk)
* [[VTKHDF]] - Visualization Toolkit (.vtkhdf)
* [[VUE]] - Vue scene file (.vue)
* [[Wavefront MTL]]
* [[Wavefront OBJ]]
* [[WINGS]] - Wings3D (.wings)
* [[X (DirectX)]] - DirectX 3D Model (.x)
* [[X3D]] - Extensible 3D (.x3d)
* [[Yobj]] - Yukes 3D Object (.yobj)
* [[Z3D]] - Zmodeler (.z3d)
* [[Zbrush MatCap]] (.zmt)

== CAD ==

* [[3DMLW]] - (3D Markup Language for Web) files
* [[3DXML]] - Dassault Systemes graphic representation
* [[ACP]] - VA Software VA - Virtual Architecture CAD file
* [[Additive Manufacturing File Format|AMF]] - Additive Manufacturing File Format
* [[Argon]] - Ashlar-Vellum (AR) - 3D Modeling
* [[ART (ArtCAM model)|ART]] - ArtCAM model
* [[ArtiosCAD]] (.a3d, .ard)
* [[ASC (BRL-CAD Geometry)|ASC]] - BRL-CAD Geometry File (old ASCII format)
* [[ASM (Solid Edge Assembly)|ASM]] - Solid Edge Assembly, Pro/ENGINEER Assembly
* [[AutoCAD Slide]]
* [[AutoCAD Slide Library]]
* [[AutoSketch]]
* [[BRL-CAD geometry]] (.g)
* [[CAD-3D]] - Antic Software
* [[CAD/DRAW‎]]
* [[CadStd]] - CAD
* [[CATDrawing]] - CATIA V5 Drawing document
* [[CATIA V4 Model]] - CATIA V4 Model
* [[CATIA V4 Project]] - CATIA V4 Project
* [[CATMaterial]] - CATIA V5 Material
* [[CATPart]] - CATIA V5 Part Description / Model
* [[CATProcess]] - CATIA V5 Manufacturing document
* [[CATProduct]] - CATIA V5 Assembly document
* [[CCC]] - CopyCAD Curves
* [[CCM]] - CopyCAD Model
* [[CCS]] - CopyCAD Session
* [[Cell library]] (.cel)
* [[CEX]] (Caddie Exchange format)
* [[cgr]] - CATIA V5 graphic representation file
* [[CKD]] - KeyCreator (was CADKEY)
* [[Cobalt]] - Ashlar-Vellum (CO) - parametric drafting and 3D modeling
* [[CorelCAD]]
* [[DDS-CAD]] Data Design System (BIM)
* [[DesignCAD]]
* [[DFT]] - Solid Edge Draft
* [[DGN]] - MicroStation design file
* [[DGK]] - Delcam Geometry
* [[DMT]] - Delcam Machining Triangles
* [[DRW]] - Caddie Early version of Caddie drawing - Prior to Caddie changing to DWG
* [[DTF]] - Solid Edge Document
* [[DWG]] - AutoCAD and Open Design Alliance applications
* [[DWB]] - VariCAD drawing file
* [[DWF]] - AutoDesk's Design Web Format; AutoCAD & Revit can publish to this format; similar in concept to PDF files; AutoDesk Design Review is the reader
* [[DXB]] - Drawing Interchange Binary Format - AutoCAD
* [[DXF]] - Drawing Interchange file format - AutoCAD
* [[Euclid]] - CAD file format
* [[Euklid]] - CAD/CAM and Gear CAM
* [[EMB]] - Wilcom ES Designer Embroidery CAD file
* [[ESW]] - Agtek format
* [[Excellon drill format]]
* [[EXP]] - Drawing Express file format
* [[FastCAD]]
* [[FeatureCAM part file]] (FM)
* [[FloorPlan]] - floor plan software
* [[gbXML]]
* [[GDL Script]] - scripting language used in ARCHICAD (.gdl)
* [[Gerber format]] - RS-274-D, RS-274X
* [[GLM]] - KernelCAD model
* [[GRB]] - T-FLEX CAD File
* [[GTC]] - GRAITEC Advance file format
* [[HydroCAD Stormwater Modeling System Unit Hydrograph file]] (.huh)
* [[IAM]] - Autodesk Inventor Assembly file
* [[ICD]] - IronCAD 2D CAD file
* [[IDW]] - Autodesk Inventor Drawing file
* [[IFC]] - buildingSMART for sharing AEC and FM data
* [[IGES]] - Initial Graphics Exchange Specification
* [[Intergraph Standard File Formats]]
* [[IPN]] - Autodesk Inventor Presentation file
* [[IPT]] - Autodesk Inventor Part file
* [[JT]] (visualization format) - Jupiter Tesselation
* [[KeyCAD]]
* [[MakerBot instruction file]] (for fifth generation MakerBot 3D printers)
* [[MCC]] - Monu-CAD Component (Monument/Headstone Component file)
* [[MCD]] - Monu-CAD Drawing (Monument/Headstone Drawing file)
* [[MCP]] - Monu-CAD Plot (Monument/Headstone Plot file)
* [[MTN]] - Monu-CAD Thumbnail (Monument/Headstone Thumbnail file)
* [[OakPDT Drawing]]
* [[OCAD]] - Orienteering Computer Aided Design (OCAD) file (.ocd)
* [[OpenSCAD]] - Solid 3D CAD objects (.scad)
* [[PAR]] - Solid Edge Part
* [[PIPE]] - PIPE-FLO Professional Piping system design file
* [[PLA]] - ArchiCad archive
* [[PLN]] - ArchiCad project
* [[POL]] - PolyWorks
* [[PRT (CADKEY)]] - became KeyCreator
* [[PRT (PTC)]] - Pro/Engineer, Pro/E Wildfire, Creo Parametric
* [[PRT (UG)]] - Unigraphics, Siemens PLM, NX CAD
* [[PSM]] - Solid Edge Sheet
* [[PSMODEL]] - PowerSHAPE Model
* [[PWI]] - PowerINSPECT File
* [[PYT]] - Pythagoras File
* [[Revit]] - AutoDesk Revit files (RVT, RFA)
* [[RLF]] - ArtCAM Relief
* [[S3G]] - GCode instructions for MakerBot firmware below 7.0
* [[SCDOC]] - SpaceClaim 3D Part/Assembly
* [[SKP]] - SketchUp Model
* [[SLDASM]] - SolidWorks Assembly drawing
* [[SLDPRT]] - SolidWorks 3D part model (had .prt extension earlier)
* [[Solid Edge XML design]] (.cmp_xml)
* [[STEP]] - Standard for the Exchange of Product model data
* [[STL]] - Stereo Lithographic data format used by various CAD systems and stereo lithographic printing machines. (.stl)
* [[TCT]] - TurboCAD drawing template
* [[TCW]] - TurboCAD for Windows 2D and 3D drawing
* [[Thing file]] - MakerBot (.thing)
* [[TPL]] - ARCHICAD Project Template
* [[UNV]] - Universal File Format; used by I-DEAS (Integrated Design and Engineering Analysis Software)
* [[VectorWorks]]
* [[VC6]] - Ashlar-Vellum Graphite - 2D and 3D drafting
* [[VLM]] - Ashlar-Vellum Vellum, Vellum 2D, Vellum Draft, Vellum 3D, DrawingBoard
* [[VS]] - Ashlar-Vellum Vellum Solids
* [[WorraCAD Drawing]]
* [[WRL]] - The file format of [[VRML]], which is listed in the modeling section above, but also used in CAD/CAM. Similar to STL, but includes color. Used by various CAD systems and 3D printing rapid prototyping machines.
* [[X3G]] - GCode instructions for MakerBot firmware 7.0 and up
* [[Xenon]] - Ashlar-Vellum (XE) - for Associative 3D Modeling

See also [[Machine Embroidery]]

== 2D images designed for use in conjunction with 3D models ==
* [[2DL]] (ARCHICAD 2D Lines)
* [[BodyPaint 3D]]
* [[Polynomial Texture Map]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20061029084949/http://www.hpl.hp.com/research/ptm/downloads/PtmFormat12.pdf 1]
* [[Poser Bump Map]]
* [[Rayshade Heightfield]]
* [[SLDDRW]] - SolidWorks 2D drawing
* [[Valve Material Type]] (.vmt)
* [[V-Ray]]

== 3D animation files ==
* [[BIP (Character Studio)]]
* [[GLA]] - Ghoul animation (.gla)
* [[ROFF]] - Raven Object File Format / Rotation, Origin File Format
* [[CAR (Chasm: The Rift)]] - Chasm Character Animation (.car)
* [[CAR (Carnivores)]] - Carnivores Character Animation (.car)

== Formats related to specialized hardware ==
* [[PowerVR]]

== Motion capture ==
* [[Acclaim ASF/AMC]]

== Image series scanning, microscopy ==
* [[BioRad confocal image]] - stores series of images generated by microscope scan of 3-D object, used in medical/research imaging
* [[MRC]] (Medical Research Council) - format used in 3D electron microscopy

== Stereoscopy ==
* [[JPS]]
* [[Multi-Picture Format]] - MPO, Multi-Picture Object - This JPEG standard is used for 3d images, as with the Nintendo 3DS
* [[QDV (Random Dot Software)|QDV]] - apparently a random-dot-image stereoscopy format

== 3D video ==

=== Video formats ===
* [[Anaglyph 3D format]]
* [[Blu-ray 3D format]]
* [[SENSIO Hi-Fi 3D format]]
* [[Side-by-side 3D format]]
* [[Top-and-bottom 3D format]]

=== Container formats ===
* [[MK3D]]

Also see [[Game data files]] for game rendering engines (some of which are 3-D).

== Uncategorized ==
* [[3D Construction Kit]]
* [[Datron Simpl]] (.simpl)
* [[Polycam app data]]
* [[Qlone app data]]
* [[SH3D]] - Sweet Home 3D

== Links ==
=== Software, Utilities, and Development Libraries ===
* [[AutoCAD]]
* [[Konvertor]]
* [http://www.pythonocc.org/ PythonOCC: 3D CAD/CAE/PLM development framework for the Python programming language]
* [https://archive.org/details/msdos_shareware_fb_3DBENCH MS-DOS Shareware: Frostbyte: 3DBENCH]

=== Interesting objects printed with 3D printers ===
* [http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2013/03/download-this-gun-3d-printed-semi-automatic-fires-over-600-rounds/ 3D-printed semi-automatic gun]
* [http://livewire.talkingpointsmemo.com/entry/worlds-first-3d-printed-gun-successfully-fired-in 3D-printed gun successfully fired]
* [http://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2013/03/17/autodesk-phillips-electronics-3d-printing/1990703/ 3-D printing in prosthetics]
* [http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:44150 3D-printable artificial fingers]
* [http://www.dezeen.com/2013/06/28/cortex-3d-printed-cast-for-bone-fractures-jake-evill/ Cortex 3D-printed cast]
* [http://www.engadget.com/2013/05/07/3d-systems-star-trek/ 3D-printed personalized Star Trek figurines]
* [http://www.cracked.com/quick-fixes/the-4-worst-things-people-are-making-with-3d-printers/?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=fanpage&utm_campaign=new+article&wa_ibsrc=fanpage The 4 worst things people are making with 3D printers]
* [http://www.latimes.com/features/food/dailydish/la-dd-food-printer-world-hunger-pizza-20130521,0,4628674.story 3-D food 'printer' aims to end world hunger, starting with pizza]
* [http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/05/130522180102.htm Baby's Life Saved With Groundbreaking 3-D Printed Device That Restored His Breathing]
* [http://inhabitat.com/nyc/new-york-city-plans-to-fix-its-crumbling-harbors-using-3d-printed-concrete/ Fixing New York City infrastructure with 3D-printed concrete]
* [http://qz.com/96806/with-3d-printing-youll-be-able-to-replicate-the-worlds-famous-sculptures/ With 3D printing, you’ll be able to replicate the world’s famous sculptures]
* [http://www.fashion-incubator.com/archive/useful-3d-printing-sewing-machine-jigs-fixtures/ Useful 3D printing -sewing machine jigs & fixtures]
* [http://www.wired.com/autopia/2013/07/3d-printed-aston-martin/ This Guy Is 3-D Printing a Classic Aston Martin … That Runs]
* [http://www.tonedeaf.com.au/news/international-news/306773/3d-print-mp3-vinyl-record.htm Now You Can 3D Print Any MP3 Into A Vinyl Record]
* [http://www.zaarchitects.com/en/other/103-mars-colonization.html Making Mars habitable for colonists using 3D printing]
* [http://boingboing.net/2013/09/26/crowdfunding-a-3d-printed-ope.html Crowdfunding a 3D printed, open source hardware robotic/prosthetic hand]
* [http://boingboing.net/2013/10/02/blizzident-3d-printed-whole-m.html Blizzident: 3D printed whole-mouth-at-once toothbrush]
* [http://www.antipope.org/charlie/blog-static/2013/11/the-next-revolution-will-not-b.html The revolution will not be hand-stitched]
* [http://www.fabbaloo.com/blog/2014/2/14/its-3d-printed-and-its-flexible It’s 3D Printed, and It’s Flexible]
* [http://gigaom.com/2014/02/25/this-is-what-3d-printed-wood-looks-like/ This is what 3D printed wood looks like]
* [http://www.fastcoexist.com/3042390/these-amazing-3-d-printed-houses-are-made-for-hermit-crabs?partner=rss#2 3D-printed hermit crab shells]
* [https://www.3dcrowd.uk/ 3D Crowd] is printing face shields in the UK.

=== Related technologies ===
* [http://boingboing.net/2013/04/05/4d-printing-and-programmable-m.html 4D printing (the 4th dimension is time)]
* [http://reprap.org/wiki/Main_Page RepRap: project to build self-replicating 3D printer]
* [http://qz.com/103705/forget-3d-printing-3d-subtraction-is-going-to-arrive-in-your-garage-first/ Forget 3D printing—3D subtraction is going to arrive in your garage first]
* [http://www.wired.com/design/2013/09/jaw-dropping-software-that-makes-3d-models-from-any-old-photograph/ Software makes 3-D models from photographs]
* [http://boingboing.net/2013/10/14/6-axis-3d-printer-can-print-on.html 6-axis 3D printer can print on irregular surfaces]
* [http://boingboing.net/2013/12/19/3d-printer-in-minecraft.html 3D printer within Minecraft game world]
* [http://boingboing.net/2013/12/25/3d-printer-that-draws-pictures.html 3D printer that draws pictures in Jello shooters]
* [http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/1142241325/deltatrix-3d-printer-open-source-and-fully-hackabl Open-source hackable 3D printer]
* [http://boingboing.net/2014/01/13/edible-sugar-3d-printer-at-ces.html Edible sugar 3D printer at CES]
* [http://boingboing.net/2014/04/26/3d-printer-that-lays-down-cond.html 3D printer that lays down conductive traces as it goes]
* [http://boingboing.net/2014/04/29/praying-mantises-wearing-3d-gl.html Praying mantises wearing 3D glasses]
* [http://boingboing.net/2014/05/02/2k-desktop-milling-machine.html $2k desktop milling machine]
* [http://3dprintingindustry.com/2014/07/01/quantum-dots-hinder-3d-printed-counterfeits/?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=twitter&utm_campaign=quantum-dots-hinder-3d-printed-counterfeits Quantum Dots to Hinder 3D Printed Counterfeits]
* [http://blogs.reuters.com/data-dive/2015/04/13/introducing-vibrating-3d-buttons-made-out-of-sound/ 3D virtual objects made out of sound]

=== Legal issues ===
* [https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2013/03/effs-fight-open-3d-printing-continues-askpatentscom EFF: Stop bad 3D printing patents]
* [http://www.techdirt.com/blog/innovation/articles/20130428/06443622864/dont-let-patents-kill-3d-printing.shtml Don't let patents kill 3D printing]
* [http://qz.com/106483/3d-printing-will-explode-in-2014-thanks-to-the-expiration-of-key-patents/ 3D printing will explode in 2014, thanks to the expiration of key patents]
* [http://3dprintingindustry.com/2014/02/04/spies-3d-printer/ The Spies in Your 3D Printer]

=== Other ===
* [http://www.yobi3d.com Yobi3D - 3D model search engine]
* [http://boingboing.net/2013/06/24/kickstarting-a-400-applianc.html Kickstarting a $400 "appliance" 3D printer]
* [http://boingboing.net/2013/06/10/how-3d-printing-will-rebuild-r.html How 3-D printing will rebuild reality]
* [http://www.weirduniverse.net/blog/comments/superman_invents_3-d_printing/ Superman invents 3D printing in 1964!]
* [http://boingboing.net/2013/07/23/3-bee-printing-tricking-bees.html 3-Bee printing: tricking bees into making wax sculptures]
* [http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/327919589/the-microfactory-a-machine-shop-in-a-box Kickstarter for Microfactory]
* [http://gigaom.com/2013/11/04/free-3d-printing-encryption-tool-for-your-stl-mesh-files/ Free 3D printing encryption tool for your STL mesh files]
* [http://3d.si.edu/ Smithsonian online 3D collection]
* [http://www.open-electronics.org/tiny-and-cute-open-source-3d-printer-smartrap-is-on-indiegogo/ Tiny and Cute Open source 3D printer Smartrap is on Indiegogo]
* [http://www.3ders.org/articles/20140209-made-in-africa-with-e-waste-3d-printer-campaign.html 'Made in Africa with e-waste' 3D printer campaign]
* [http://www.techdirt.com/blog/innovation/articles/20140213/13034226217/will-3d-printing-transform-world-just-fill-it-with-non-biodegradable-personalized-junk.shtml Will 3D Printing Transform The World -- Or Just Fill It With Non-Biodegradable Personalized Junk?]
* [http://www.popehat.com/2011/10/06/the-third-wave-cnc-stereolithography-and-the-end-of-gun-control/ The Third Wave, CNC, Stereolithography, and the end of gun control]
* [http://boingboing.net/2014/05/07/was-the-mona-lisa-meant-to-be.html Was the Mona Lisa meant to be 3D?]
* [http://www.wired.com/2014/05/mod-t-printer/ A $250 3-D Printer With Breakthrough Software]
* [http://fabiensanglard.net/rayTracing_back_of_business_card/ Raytracer program code that fits on a business card]
* [http://blogs.loc.gov/digitalpreservation/2014/08/untangling-the-knot-of-cad-preservation/ Untangling the Knot of CAD Preservation]
* [http://www.windowscentral.com/microsoft-will-reveal-info-new-3d-printing-file-format-build-2015-april-30 Microsoft will reveal info on new 3D printing file format during Build 2015]
* [https://www.si.edu/OpenAccess Smithsonian Open Access: Lots of files released into public domain/CC0, including 3D models.]

TurboTax

2026-03-28T04:06:38Z

Thorsted: /* Formats for TurboTax program (version you install on your computer) */

{{FormatInfo
|subcat=Finance and Accounting
|extensions={{ext|tax}}, {{ext|tax2011}}, {{ext|tax2012}}, {{ext|tax2014}}, etc. [https://fileinfo.com/software/intuit/turbotax See More]
}}

'''TurboTax''' is a series of tax preparation programs by Intuit for the U.S. federal and state income tax.

The government ensures continued employment for the producers of tax programs by changing the laws, regulations, and forms every year, necessitating corresponding changes to all the software. As a result, programs such as TurboTax use a different file format every year to correspond to the tax forms the data is intended to fill out. This results in a format nightmare.

== Formats for TurboTax program (version you install on your computer) ==

For a while, TurboTax used the <code>.tax</code> extension for its data, but eventually switched to a year-specific extension like <code>.tax2012</code>. Each year's program will only directly open that year's data, though they can import data from past years' returns where this is useful for carrying things over. (To this end, the program will generally recognize the last few years' formats for TurboTax, and even competing programs such as that of [[H&R Block]].)

The format appears to be a proprietary binary format, with the first four bytes spelling <code>TTFN</code> in ASCII (54 54 46 4E in hexadecimal), apparently the "signature bytes" indicating that a file is of a TurboTax format. (Ta Ta For Now? No, it probably stands for something like Turbo Tax Financial Network.)

- 1994 '''TAX''' <code>TurboTax Format=WIN Version=13</code> 
- 1995-99 '''TAX''' <code>C045015F</code> 
- 2000-03 '''TAX''' <code>C0450164</code> 
- 2004-07 '''TAX''' <code>5454464E</code> 
- 2008-13 '''TAXxxxx''' <code>5454464E</code> 
- 2014-?? '''TAXxxxx''' [[ZIP]] container

== Format for online version ==

Lately they are heavily promoting an online version of TurboTax which you complete through their secure website. There, the calculations are done "in the cloud", and your data is stored there, but at the end of the process you get a chance to download your return. The main downloads are in [[PDF]] form, showing the various tax forms and worksheets, but there is also a feature to download a file with a <code>.tax</code> extension that apparently contains the return in a format that can be imported back into TurboTax. This seems to be encoded binary data of some sort. One file of this sort has <code>PD94</code> in [[ASCII]] as its opening four bytes, but without further examples it is not possible to tell if this is true of all such files. The 2014 version still says that it's saving a ".tax file", but the actual file produced has a <code>.tax2014</code> extension and starts with <code>TTFN</code> like the desktop-version files.

== Other notes ==

There does not appear to be any documentation of the specifics of the file format online, though the fact that competing tax programs are able to import past returns in the format implies that their makers somehow managed to either obtain or reverse-engineer the format.

TurboTax also uses the [[TXF]] tax interchange format to import data from other financial programs and websites.

== Links ==
* [http://turbotax.intuit.com/ Official site]
* [http://turbotax.intuit.com/support/iq/Can-Not-Find-or-Access--Tax-File/Find-Your-Tax-File--Windows-/GEN12462.html Official documentation on finding and opening earlier years' tax files] (opening them requires obtaining the earlier TurboTax software)

[[Category:File formats with too many extensions]]

EndNote Library

2026-03-27T17:27:14Z

Thorsted:

{{FormatInfo
|subcat=Bibliographic data
|extensions={{ext|enl}}, {{ext|enlx}}
|type code={{Type Code|ENDB}}
|pronom={{PRONOM|fmt/325}}, {{PRONOM|fmt/1682}}, {{PRONOM|fmt/1684}}, others
|wikidata={{wikidata|Q61887390}}
|released=1988
}}
Endnote is commercial database bibliographic reference software for managing citations.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EndNote</ref>

==File Information==
Endnote uses the extension '''ENL''' to store the library database of references.
* Versions 1-4
* Versions 5-7 Can be opened by X software<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130319092646/http://endnote.com/support/helpdocs/ENX-GettingStartedGuide.pdf</ref>
* Versions 8-9 Added .Data folder<ref>https://support.clarivate.com/Endnote/s/article/EndNote-Description-of-the-Data-folder-that-accompanies-enl-library-files?language=en_US</ref> to store database and attachments, Added unicode<ref>https://support.clarivate.com/Endnote/s/article/EndNote-Version-8-and-laters-library-compatibility-with-older-versions?language=en_US</ref>
* Versions X-X9 Changed format to [[ZIP]] based container. Added ability to compress library to '''ENLX''' which includes .data folder.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20060701062110/http://www.endnote.com/enXinfo.asp</ref>
* Version 20 Changed '''ENL''' format to [[SQL]] Lite database<ref>https://support.clarivate.com/Endnote/s/article/EndNote-X9-3-Library-Conversion-and-Backward-Compatibility?language=en_US</ref> with a "enl_ref" table.
* Version 2025 also uses an [[SQL]] Lite database, but no longer has an "enl_ref" table. Also adds a '''ENLP''' option to make an MacOS [[Bundle_file_(OS_X)|Bundle]] file.

==Software==
* [https://support.clarivate.com/Endnote/s/article/Download-EndNote 20-Current Installers]
* [https://support.clarivate.com/Endnote/s/article/EndNote-Download-link-for-older-EndNote-versions X1-X9 Installers]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:ZIP based file formats]]
[[Category:Apple bundle files]]

Poser Scene

2026-03-14T03:32:49Z

Thorsted:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=3D and CAD/CAM Models
|extensions={{ext|pz3}}
|wikidata={{wikidata|Q105864819}}
|type code={{Type Code|PZ3F}}
|released=1998
}}
Poser is a 3D modeling graphics program for posing, rendering, animating human and animals in a poly mesh form, developed by Fractal Design and sold to MetaCreations for a time.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poser</ref> There are many file formats related to the Poser software<ref>http://www.posersoftware.com/documentation/12/Poser_Reference_Manual/Appendices/FileStructure/File_Hierarchy.htm</ref><ref>https://poserdazfreebies.miraheze.org/wiki/File_Formats</ref><ref>http://docs.daz3d.com/doku.php/public/software/dazstudio/4/referenceguide/tech_articles/file_extensions/start</ref>, one being the main Poser Scene version 4 format with extension .PZ3. Other related formats are PZ2, PP2, CR2, [[Wavefront_OBJ|OBJ]], and many more.<ref>http://docs.daz3d.com/doku.php/artzone/pub/tutorials/poser/poser-misc41</ref> [[Poser_Bump_Map|Poser Bump Maps]] are raster images used by the software.

==File Identification==
PZ3 files are plain ascii text files, but begin with:<ref>http://www.posersoftware.com/documentation/12/Poser_Reference_Manual/Appendices/FileStructure/Basic_File_Syntax.htm</ref>

<code>
{

version
{
number 4
}

movieInfo
{
</code>

==Sample Files==
* [https://archive.org/download/Poser_4_Application_CD-ROM_Z-PSR-C40-R-001_Metacreations_1999/Poser%204%20Application%20CD-ROM%20%28Z-PSR-C40-R-001%29%28Metacreations%29%281999%29.iso/Tutorial%20Files%2Fpaper-airplane.pz3 Poser 4 Sample file]

==References==
<references/>

Category:File formats with extension .claris

2026-03-10T14:00:36Z

Thorsted: Created page with "C"

[[Category:File formats by extension|C]]

FileMaker Pro

2026-03-10T14:00:17Z

Thorsted: added .claris info

{{FormatInfo
|subcat=Databases
|wikidata={{wikidata|Q832312}}
|extensions={{ext|fm}}, {{ext|fp3}}, {{ext|fp5}}, {{ext|fp7}}, {{ext|fmp12}}, {{ext|claris}}, others
|pronom={{PRONOM|fmt/194}}, {{PRONOM|x-fmt/318}}, {{PRONOM|x-fmt/319}}, {{PRONOM|fmt/1059}}, {{PRONOM|fmt/1072}}, {{PRONOM|fmt/1237}}
|type code={{Type Code|FMPR}}, {{Type Code|FMP3}}, {{Type Code|FMP5}}
|released=1985
}}
Filemaker is a relational database software application originally developed for Macintosh but later released for Windows in 1992. Owned and developed by Claris, an Apple Computer subsidiary.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FileMaker</ref> In late 2019 Claris rebranded Filemaker as Claris Pro, but reversed the decision and still markets the product using the Filemaker name.<ref>https://www.claris.com/blog/2019/filemaker-reborn-as-claris</ref>

==File Information==
Early versions of the file format did not have an extension, as most Macintosh Classic files do not. Early Filemaker files have a string at offset 525 which can help in identification.
* All files since FileMaker Pro 12 have extension '''.fmp12'''.<ref>https://fmhelp.filemaker.com/help/16/fmp/en/index.html#page/FMP_Help%2Fconverting-files.html%23wwconnect_header</ref>, except some have '''.claris''' extension, but same FileMaker Pro 12 file format.<ref>https://help.claris.com/archive/fm19/en/pro-installation-guide/content/converting-to-claris-pro.html</ref>
* FileMaker Pro 11, 10, 9, 8 and 7 can be opened directly in current software.
* FileMaker Pro 6, 5, 4, or 3 files will need to be converted to FileMaker Pro 11 before they can be converted to the .fmp12 file format.<ref>https://support.claris.com/s/article/Attempting-to-open-a-fp5-file-in-FileMaker-Pro-via-File-Open-menu-results-in-misleading-error-message-1503693006618?language=en_US</ref>
* FileMaker Pro 2 or FileMaker Pro 1, must be convert to version 6 before they can be converted to 11.<ref>https://support.claris.com/s/answerview?anum=10571&language=en_US</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! Version !! Ext. !! Header !! Year !! PRONOM
|-
|Filemaker Pro 1.0 || || HBAM2001MAY84 || 1990 || {{PRONOM|fmt/1072}}
|-
|Filemaker Pro 2.0 ||.fm || HBAM2001MAY84 || 1992 || {{PRONOM|fmt/1059}}
|-
|Filemaker Pro 3.0 ||.fp3 || HBAM2016AUG95 || 1995 || {{PRONOM|x-fmt/318}}
|-
|Filemaker Pro 5.0 ||.fp5 || HBAM2016AUG95 || 1999 || {{PRONOM|x-fmt/319}}
|-
|Filemaker Pro 7.0 ||.fp7 || HBAM2101OCT99 || 2004 || {{PRONOM|fmt/194}}
|-
|Filemaker Pro 12.0 ||.fmp12 || HBAM2125JAN11 || 2012 || {{PRONOM|fmt/1237}}
|}

More information on the formats can be found using fmptools.<ref>https://github.com/evanmiller/fmptools</ref>

==Software & Sample Files==
* [https://support.claris.com/s/answerview?anum=10571&language=en_US FileMaker Pro 6 (Mac/PC) trial, FileMaker Pro 11 (Mac/PC) trial]
* [https://archive.org/download/Everything_CD_for_FileMaker_Pro_Disk_1_Volume_II_ISO_Productions_1998/Everything%20CD%20for%20FileMaker%20Pro%20%28Disk%201%29%20%28Volume%20II%29%20%28ISO%20Productions%29%20%281998%29.iso/Advanced%20Database%20Systems%2FCAL_DEMO.FP3 FileMaker Pro 3 Sample]
* [https://archive.org/download/filemakerdev6/FileMaker.Developer.v6.iso/Developer%20Extras%2FFileMaker%2C%20Inc%2FDDR%2FFMDB_Report.fp5 FileMaker Pro 5 Sample]
* [https://archive.org/download/FileMaker_Pro_7_FileMaker_Z04073-013A_2004/FileMaker%20Pro%207%20%28FileMaker%29%28Z04073-013A%29%282004%29.iso/English%20Extras%2FTutorial%2FSample%20Files%2FSample02.fp7 FileMaker Pro 7 Sample]
* [http://www.filemakerforever.com/samples/FF_Companies_and_Contacts.fmp12 FileMaker Pro 12 Sample]
* {{DexvertSamples|document/fileMakerPro}}

== References ==
<references/>

BigTIFF

2026-02-23T17:13:41Z

Thorsted: PRONOM

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|tif}} {{ext|tiff}}
|pronom={{PRONOM|fmt/1917}}
|locfdd={{LoCFDD|fdd000328}}
}}
== Overview ==
'''BigTIFF''' is a [[TIFF]]-like image file format, which supports larger files and data structures than does TIFF. It is logically almost identical to TIFF, though it is not compatible with it.

== Identification ==
Files begin with <code>49 49 2B 00 08 00 00 00</code> (little-endian BigTIFF), or <code>4D 4D 00 2B 00 08 00 00</code> (big-endian BigTIFF).

== Software ==
* {{Libtiff}}, starting with version 4.
* [http://bigtiff.org/ Fork of libtiff], apparently unofficial fork of libtiff which originated with Aperio, now part of Leica Biosystems.

== Sample files ==
* ftp://ftp.graphicsmagick.org/pub/tiff-samples/
* http://awaresystems.be/imaging/tiff/bigtiff/BigTIFFSamples.zip
* {{DexvertSamples|image/bigTIFF}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.awaresystems.be/imaging/tiff/bigtiff.html AWare Systems BigTIFF page]
* {{Libtiff|bigtiffpr.html|BigTIFF Proposal}}

[[Category:TIFF]]

Windows XP

2026-02-13T20:06:42Z

Thorsted: /* Links */

{|
|[[Software]]
| >
|[[Operating Systems]]
| >
|[[Windows]]
| >
|[[Windows XP]]
|}
'''Windows XP''' is a version of Microsoft Windows released in 2001, which brought the [[Windows NT]] kernel to mainstream consumer markets (it was previously used in Windows versions intended for use in servers). Earlier consumer PC Windows systems were built on top of [[MS-DOS]], originally as a separate addon to it as with [[Windows 3.1]], and later more integrated as with [[Windows 95]] but still with a separate DOS system within it; XP is fully integrated without a separate DOS.

XP was generally well received and stayed popular for many years, though some critics sneered at its pastel colors that made the PC look like a "toy computer". Eventually Microsoft ended support for XP, though they kept it going for users of specialized systems that depended on it for many years after mainstream consumer support ended; to this day, there are still some systems depending on it. On occasion you can see something out in public like an ATM screen or an airport departure monitor that has had a system crash and is displaying an error screen, where you can sometimes tell what operating system is in use, which is sometimes Windows XP.

== Links ==
* [[Wikipedia:Windows XP|Wikipedia article]]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=194&v=dGKwx-BFO0E Orchestra plays Windows XP sounds]
* [https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=11196 Secret Final Version of Windows XP ISO]

[[Category:Operating Systems]]
[[Category:Microsoft]]
[[Category:Windows]]

QuarkXPress

2026-02-07T06:47:21Z

Thorsted: /* Versions */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Document
|subcat2=Desktop Publishing
|extensions={{ext|qxp}}, {{ext|qxd}}, others
|mimetypes={{mimetype|application/vnd.quark.quarkxpress}}
|pronom={{PRONOM|x-fmt/182}}, {{PRONOM|fmt/652}}, {{PRONOM|fmt/685}}, {{PRONOM|fmt/651}}
|wikidata={{wikidata|Q678036}}
|type code={{Type Code|XDOC}}
|released=1987
}}
'''QuarkXPress''' is a desktop publishing application.

== Identifiers ==

* QXD - QuarkXPress legacy Document (Version 3.1 - 5)
* QXT - QuarkXPress legacy Template (Version 3.1 - 5)
* QWD - QuarkXPress Web Document
* QWT - QuarkXPress Web Template
* QXL - QuarkXPress Library
* QXB - QuarkXPress Book
* QXP - QuarkXPress Project (Version 6 - 15)
* QPT - QuarkXPress Project Template (Version 6 - 15)
* QCD - QuarkXPress Article

Current versions may create a QX [[bundle]] file on MacOS, which is a multi-file directory.

== Identification ==
Files have "{{magic|IIXPR}}" or "{{magic|MMXPR}}" at offset 2.

QuarkXPress legacy documents (QuarkXPress 3, 4, 5 and 6) need to be converted to the new format (QuarkXPress 9.1) in order to be opened by QuarkXPress 10 and newer. [https://www.quark.com/documentation/quarkxpress/2020/english/QXP_2020_Getting_Started/_D360942A496540CCA7ACB2F8BBA080AF_14.html Free software is available.]

===Versions===
QuarkXPress file versions can be determined by hex values offset 8 or 9<ref>https://gerrit.libreoffice.org/plugins/gitiles/libqxp/+/master/src/lib/QXPHeader.h</ref>.

{| class="wikitable"
! Version !! Extension !! Year !! Hex !! PRONOM
|-
|QuarkXPress 1 || || 1987 || 001C001C ||
|-
|QuarkXPress 2 || || 1989 || 00260026 ||
|-
|QuarkXPress 3.0 || || 1990 || 00360036 ||
|-
|QuarkXPress 3.1 Mac || '''.QXD''' || 1992 || 0x39* || {{PRONOM|fmt/1317}}
|-
|QuarkXPress 3.1 Win || '''.QXD''' || 1992 || 0x3e* || {{PRONOM|fmt/1317}}
|-
|QuarkXPress 3.2 Mac<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=-zoEAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PA8&ots=cOmG8ELjlG&dq=quarkxpress%203.2%20windows&pg=PA8#v=onepage&q=quarkxpress%203.2%20windows&f=false</ref> || '''.QXD''' || 1993 || 0x3c ||
|-
|QuarkXPress 3.3 || '''.QXD''' || 1996 || 0x3f || {{PRONOM|fmt/1318}}
|-
|QuarkXPress 4 || '''.QXD''' || 1997 || 0x40 or 0x41 || {{PRONOM|fmt/1319}}
|-
|QuarkXPress 5 || '''.QXD''' || 2002 || 0x42 || {{PRONOM|fmt/1320}}
|-
|QuarkXPress 6 || '''.QXP''' || 2003 || 0x43 || {{PRONOM|fmt/652}}
|-
|QuarkXPress 7 || '''.QXP''' || 2006 || 0x44 || {{PRONOM|fmt/1321}}
|-
|QuarkXPress 8 || '''.QXP''' || 2008 || 0x45 || {{PRONOM|fmt/1322}}
|-
|QuarkXPress 9 || '''.QXP''' || 2011 || 0x46 || {{PRONOM|fmt/685}}
|-
|QuarkXPress 9.1 || '''.QXP''' || 2011 || 0x47 || {{PRONOM|fmt/1323}}
|-
|QuarkXPress 9.2 || '''.QXP''' || 2011 || 0x48 ||
|-
|QuarkXPress 10 || '''.QXP''' || 2014 || 0x49 || {{PRONOM|fmt/651}}
|-
|QuarkXPress 10.1 || '''.QXP''' || 2014 || 0x4a || {{PRONOM|fmt/1446}}
|-
|QuarkXPress 11 || '''.QXP''' || 2015 || 0x4b || {{PRONOM|fmt/1324}}
|-
|QuarkXPress 12.1 || '''.QXP''' || 2016 || 0x4c || {{PRONOM|fmt/1325}}
|-
|QuarkXPress 13.2 || '''.QXP''' || 2018 || 0x4d || {{PRONOM|fmt/1326}}
|-
|QuarkXPress 14 || '''.QXP''' || 2018 || 0x4e || {{PRONOM|fmt/1327}}
|-
|QuarkXPress 15 || '''.QXP''' || 2019 || 0x4f || {{PRONOM|fmt/1328}}
|-
|QuarkXPress 16 || '''.QXP''' || 2020 || 0x50 || {{PRONOM|fmt/1494}}
|-
|QuarkXPress 17 || '''.QXP''' || 2021 || 0x51 || {{PRONOM|fmt/1495}}
|-
|QuarkXPress 18 || '''.QXP''' || 2022 || 0x52 || {{PRONOM|fmt/2006}}
|-
|QuarkXPress 19 || '''.QXP''' || 2023 || 0x53 || {{PRONOM|fmt/2007}}
|-
|QuarkXPress 20 || '''.QXP''' || 2024 || 0x54 || {{PRONOM|fmt/2008}}
|-
|QuarkXPress 21 || '''.QXP''' || 2025 || 0x55 ||
|-
|QuarkXPress 22 || '''.QXP''' || 2026 || 0x56 ||
|}

<nowiki>*</nowiki> QuarkXPress version 3.1 may have values of 0x39, 0x3A, 0x3B, 0x3D, 0x3E

== Software ==
* [http://www.quark.com/Products/QuarkXPress/ QuarkXPress]
* [https://github.com/renyxa/re-lab Re-lab / OLE Toy] - Appears to have some support for parsing the format
* [https://wiki.documentfoundation.org/DLP/Libraries/libqxp Libqxp library for LibreOffice, currenly only reads QuarkXPress versions 3-4]

== Sample files ==
* {{DexvertSamples|document/quarkXPress}}

== Links ==
* [[Wikipedia: QuarkXPress]]
* [http://www.quark.com/Products/QuarkXPress/ QuarkXPress website]
* [http://www.planetquark.com/ Planet Quark]
* [https://www.online-convert.com/file-format/qxp QXP File Format & Sample File]

== References ==
<references/>

[[Category:File formats with too many extensions]]

High Sierra

2026-02-05T18:27:15Z

Thorsted: /* Sample files */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Filesystem
|extensions={{ext|iso}}, others
|released=~1986
}}
'''High Sierra''' format ('''HSF''') is a filesystem used on some early [[CD-ROM]]s. It is the predecessor of [[ISO 9660]].

== Nomenclature ==
There are two main, and mutually incompatible, formats in the High Sierra/ISO 9660 line of filesystems: the older format, which has a "<code>CDROM</code>" signature in the volume descriptors, and the newer format, which has a "<code>CD001</code>" signature.

It's tempting to assume that ''High Sierra'' refers to the older format, and ''ISO 9660'' to the newer format. Unfortunately, while that is often the case (and is the convention used in this article), it is not ''always'' the case. Both names have been used to refer to the set of both formats.

== Disambiguation ==
The filesystem format is not to be confused with '''macOS High Sierra''', a version of the macOS operating system, also known as macOS v10.13 ([[Wikipedia:MacOS High Sierra|Wikipedia article]]).

== Identification ==
If a typical High Sierra filesystem is dumped to a raw image file in a typical way, the ASCII signature "{{magic|CDROM}}" appears at offset 32777, and also 2048 bytes later at offset 34825.

== Specifications ==
* [https://www.os2museum.com/files/docs/cdrom/CDROM_Working_Paper-1986.pdf Volume and File Structure of Compact Read Only Optical Discs for Information Interchange] [https://www.os2museum.com/files/docs/cdrom/hsg_wp.html HTML Version]
* [https://www.tech-insider.org/mac/research/acrobat/8808.pdf Macintosh Technical Note #209: High Sierra & ISO 9660 CD ROM Formats]

== Sample files ==
* https://archive.org/details/shareware-grab-bag → Shareware Grab Bag.iso
* https://archive.org/details/MS_BOOKSHELF_87 → Microsoft Bookshelf circa 1987
* https://archive.org/details/cia-world-factbook-1989-cd-rom → CIA Factbook circa 1989

== Links ==
* [[Wikipedia: ISO 9660]] - Includes some historical information about High Sierra
* [https://www.os2museum.com/wp/looking-for-high-sierra/ OS/2 Museum: Looking for High Sierra]

Tilt Brush

2026-02-05T04:19:46Z

Thorsted: PRONOM

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=3D and CAD/CAM Models
|extensions={{ext|tilt}}
|pronom={{PRONOM|fmt/2073}}
|wikidata={{wikidata|Q125364051}}
|released=2016
}}
The Open Brush Format is a 3D format used with the Open Brush software developed by Google for Virtual Reality painting. Open sourced in 2021. <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilt_Brush</ref><ref>https://www.skillshare.com/en/blog/all-about-tilt-brush-and-tilt-brush-art/</ref>

==File Information==
'''TILT''' files are a [[ZIP]]-format file with a prepended header. File header begins with the ASCII {{magic|tilT}}.<ref>https://docs.openbrush.app/developer-notes/open-brush-file-format</ref>

===Format Information===
After the 16 byte prepended header, the ZIP contains thumbnails, metadata in [[JSON]] format, and a .sketch file.

==Software==
* [https://openbrush.app/ Open Brush website]
* [https://www.tiltbrush.com/ Google Tilt Brush website]

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:ZIP based file formats]]

FCPXML

2026-02-05T04:17:55Z

Thorsted: PRONOM

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Video
|extensions={{ext|fcpxml}}
|pronom={{PRONOM|fmt/2089}}
|released=2004
}}
Apple [[Final Cut Pro]] and [[Final Cut Pro X]] are able to export [[XML]] for interchange between versions and other software<ref>https://helpx.adobe.com/premiere-pro/how-to/migrate-from-final-cut-pro.html</ref>.

==File Information==
Final Cut Pro XML Interchange Format<ref>https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/AppleApplications/Reference/FinalCutPro_XML/VersionsoftheInterchangeFormat/VersionsoftheInterchangeFormat.html</ref> uses "XMEML".

Final Cut Pro X XML<ref>https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/FinalCutProX/Reference/FinalCutProXXMLFormat/Introduction/Introduction.html</ref> uses the extension '''fcpxml''' which provides interchange between other audio & video editing software<ref>https://www.macprovideo.com/article/audio-software/logic-pro-x-and-final-cut-pro-x-working-together-fcpxml</ref>.

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Macintosh]]
[[Category:Apple]]
[[Category:XML based file formats]]