Just Solve the File Format Problem - User contributions [en]

MP4

2026-02-15T18:44:40Z

Ljcool2006:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Video
|extensions={{ext|mp4}}, {{ext|m4a}}, {{ext|m4p}}, {{ext|m4b}}, {{ext|m4r}}, {{ext|m4v}}
|mimetypes={{mimetype|audio/mp4}}, {{mimetype|video/mp4}}
|locfdd={{LoCFDD|fdd000037}}, {{LoCFDD|fdd000155}}
|wikidata={{wikidata|Q336316}}
|pronom={{PRONOM|fmt/199}}
}}
'''MP4''' usually refers to the multimedia file format defined in Part 14 (and to a lesser extent Part 1) of the MPEG-4 standard.

"MP4" could also mean the entire [[MPEG-4]] standard, or some other subset of MPEG-4. This article only covers the Part 14 file format.

MPEG-4 Part 14 is an application of [[ISO Base Media File Format|Part 12]]. The recommended extension for it is ".mp4", though ".m4a" is often used for audio-only files. It is standardized by ISO/IEC 14496-14.

Imgur uses an MP4 video format for converting animated [[GIF]]s uploaded by users into its own "[[GIFV]]" format, which is actually an MPR referenced in a video element of an [[HTML]] 5 document, which is served with a .gifv extension from their servers.

== See also ==
* [[AVC (file format)]], for the related format defined in MPEG-4 Part 15
* [[ISO Base Media File Format]]
* [[AAC]]

== Specifications ==
* [http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=38538 ISO/IEC 14496-14:2003 (MP4 file format)] (not free to download)

== Software ==
* [[FFmpeg]]
* [[Konvertor]]

== Sample files ==
* <s>http://samples.libav.org/MPEG-4/</s> (none of the actual files were archived)
* {{DexvertSamples|video/mp4}}

== Links ==
* [[Wikipedia:MPEG-4 Part 14|Wikipedia article: MPEG-4 Part 14]]
* [http://wiki.multimedia.cx/index.php?title=MP4 MultimediaWiki: MP4]
* [http://xhelmboyx.tripod.com/formats/mp4-layout.txt mp4-layout.txt]
* [http://www.mp4ra.org/ MP4 Registration Authority]
* [http://www.ftyps.com/ Complete List of all known MP4 / QuickTime 'ftyp' designations]

[[Category:Audio and Music]]
[[Category:MPEG-4]]
[[Category:Box file format]]

2500x

2025-02-06T03:18:10Z

Ljcool2006: fix dead link

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
}}
'''2500x''' is a tongue-in-cheek web-based graphic format that converts a raster image to a series of pixels coded in [[HTML]] and [[Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]]. Its name derives from the possibility that the file size will multiply by as much as 2500 times the original image size. In a reasonably modern browser, if the browser doesn't crash first, the graphic will display losslessly as a faithful rendition of the original.

== Format ==

Each pixel is in the form <code><p style="color:rgb(229,218,226)">.</p></code>, with a single period in a paragraph with inline style giving an RGB color value. The entire thing is within these DIVs:

<div id="twofiveoo" class="backdrop twofiveoo pb-5 sneakattack" style="visibility: visible;"><div>
...
</div></div>

The site stylesheets in the <code>http://not-png.xyz/</code> site cause this code to render in a format that displays the graphic.

== Links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20220717024037/http://not-png.xyz/ Official site, with web-based graphic converter]

[[Category:Humor]]

SIS

2024-09-04T02:15:33Z

Ljcool2006: add software that supports newer sis files

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Archiving
|extensions={{ext|sis}}, {{ext|sisx}}
}}
[[SIS]] is a software installation archive format used on EPOC/Symbian OS. It contains files in other formats, such as [[EPOC/Symbian executable|APP]], [[EPOC AIF|AIF]], and [[EPOC MBM|MBM]].

Some sources say that SIS stands for '''Software Installation Script'''; others say '''Symbian Installation System'''.

== Identification ==
SIS files for EPOC release 3, 4, and 5 begin with bytes {{magic|?? ?? ?? ?? 6d 00 00 10 19 04 00 10}}.

SIS files for EPOC release 6 begin with {{magic|?? ?? ?? ?? 12 3a 00 10 19 04 00 10}}.

SIS files for Symbian OS 9.x begin with {{magic|7a 1a 20 10}}.

== Specifications ==
* [https://www.thouky.co.uk/sis.html SIS File Format] (for versions prior to Symbian OS 9.1)
* [http://www.cryer.co.uk/file-types/s/sis/softwareinstallsis.pdf Symbian OS v9.X SIS File Format Specification, Version 1.1]

== Software ==
* {{Deark}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150618073505/http://symstuff.com/downloads/siscontents1772.zip SISContents]

== Sample files ==
* http://cd.textfiles.com/psion/disk1/GAMES/ ...
* https://www.mobileshox.com/symbian-games/
* {{DexvertSamples|archive/epocInstallationPackage}}

== Links ==
* [[Wikipedia:SIS (file format)|Wikipedia article]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130621071645/http://developer.nokia.com/community/wiki/SIS Nokia Developer Wiki article] (from archive.org)

[[Category:Personal Digital Assistant formats]]
[[Category:EPOC/Symbian]]

Template:Delete

2024-08-26T21:25:02Z

Ljcool2006: noinclude

<big>'''This page (normal page, talk page, template/category/etc...) should be deleted. Reason: ''{{{1}}}'''''</big>

<noinclude>(Please DO not delete [[:Template:Delete]], only the pages that have the template in it (for example, for anti-spam).</noinclude>

BSP

2024-08-26T21:18:30Z

Ljcool2006: thank you jason scott

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Game data files
|extensions={{ext|bsp}}
|mimetypes={{mimetype|model/vnd.valve.source.compiled-map}}
}}
:''For another "BSP" format, see [[BSP (ZX Spectrum)]].''

'''BSP''' is a game map format used in the Quake series and some other computer games, using binary space partitioning to define the edges of objects.

== Format descriptions ==
* [http://www.gamers.org/dEngine/quake/spec/quake-spec34/qkspec_4.htm Quake 1/id Tech 1 BSP file format]
* [http://www.flipcode.com/archives/Quake_2_BSP_File_Format.shtml Quake 2/id Tech 2 BSP file format]
* [http://graphics.stanford.edu/~kekoa/q3/ Quake 3/id Tech 3 BSP file format]
* [http://developer.valvesoftware.com/wiki/Source_BSP_File_Format Source Engine BSP file format]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20240212131019/http://hlbsp.sourceforge.net/index.php?content=bspdef Unofficial BSP v30 file spec]

== Links ==
* [[Wikipedia:BSP (file format)|Wikipedia article]]
* [https://quakewiki.org/wiki/Quake_file_formats Quake file formats]

[[Category:Graphics]]
[[Category:id Software]]
[[Category:Valve]]

BSP

2024-08-25T23:15:58Z

Ljcool2006:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Game data files
|extensions={{ext|bsp}}
|mimetypes={{mimetype|model/vnd.valve.source.compiled-map}}
}}
:''For another "BSP" format, see [[BSP (ZX Spectrum)]].''

'''BSP''' is a game map format used in the Quake series and some other computer games, using binary space partitioning to define the edges of objects.

== Format descriptions ==
* [http://www.gamers.org/dEngine/quake/spec/quake-spec34/qkspec_4.htm Quake 1/id Tech 1 BSP file format]
* [http://www.flipcode.com/archives/Quake_2_BSP_File_Format.shtml Quake 2/id Tech 2 BSP file format]
* [http://graphics.stanford.edu/~kekoa/q3/ Quake 3/id Tech 3 BSP file format]
* [http://developer.valvesoftware.com/wiki/Source_BSP_File_Format Source Engine BSP file format]


== Links ==
* [[Wikipedia:BSP (file format)|Wikipedia article]]
* [https://quakewiki.org/wiki/Quake_file_formats Quake file formats]

[[Category:Graphics]]
[[Category:id Software]]
[[Category:Valve]]

BSP

2024-08-25T23:15:43Z

Ljcool2006:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Game data files
|extensions={{ext|bsp}}
|mimetypes={{mimetype|model/vnd.valve.source.compiled-map}}
}}
:''For another "BSP" format, see [[BSP (ZX Spectrum)]].''

'''BSP''' is a game map format used in the Quake series and some other computer games, using binary space partitioning to define the edges of objects.

== Format descriptions ==
* [http://www.gamers.org/dEngine/quake/spec/quake-spec34/qkspec_4.htm Quake 1/id Tech 1 BSP file format]
* [http://www.flipcode.com/archives/Quake_2_BSP_File_Format.shtml Quake 2/id Tech 2 BSP file format]
* [http://graphics.stanford.edu/~kekoa/q3/ Quake 3/id Tech 3 BSP file format]
* [http://developer.valvesoftware.com/wiki/Source_BSP_File_Format Source Engine BSP file format]
* 

== Links ==
* [[Wikipedia:BSP (file format)|Wikipedia article]]
* [https://quakewiki.org/wiki/Quake_file_formats Quake file formats]

[[Category:Graphics]]
[[Category:id Software]]
[[Category:Valve]]

Template:Slash

2024-08-25T22:07:31Z

Ljcool2006: i really shouldn't be doing this, but i need to change a link in a page by trying to bypass the captcha

Template:Period

2024-08-25T22:06:24Z

Ljcool2006: i really shouldn't be doing this, but i need to change a link in a page by trying to bypass the captcha

BSP

2024-08-25T22:03:38Z

Ljcool2006: fix sf link that redirects to the project page (note that im currently using a template to change the link because of the captcha issue)

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Game data files
|extensions={{ext|bsp}}
|mimetypes={{mimetype|model/vnd.valve.source.compiled-map}}
}}
:''For another "BSP" format, see [[BSP (ZX Spectrum)]].''

'''BSP''' is a game map format used in the Quake series and some other computer games, using binary space partitioning to define the edges of objects.

== Format descriptions ==
* [http://www.gamers.org/dEngine/quake/spec/quake-spec34/qkspec_4.htm Quake 1/id Tech 1 BSP file format]
* [http://www.flipcode.com/archives/Quake_2_BSP_File_Format.shtml Quake 2/id Tech 2 BSP file format]
* [http://graphics.stanford.edu/~kekoa/q3/ Quake 3/id Tech 3 BSP file format]
* [http://developer.valvesoftware.com/wiki/Source_BSP_File_Format Source Engine BSP file format]
* {HTTPS|:|/|/|web.archive.org/web/20240212131019/hlbsp.sourceforge.net/index.php?content{{=}}bspdef|Unofficial BSP v30 file spec}}

== Links ==
* [[Wikipedia:BSP (file format)|Wikipedia article]]
* [https://quakewiki.org/wiki/Quake_file_formats Quake file formats]

[[Category:Graphics]]
[[Category:id Software]]
[[Category:Valve]]

Template:HTTP

2024-08-25T22:01:06Z

Ljcool2006: same as Template:HTTPS, but for http links

[http{{{1}}}{{{2}}}{{{3}}}{{{4}}} {{{5}}}]

Template:=

2024-08-25T21:58:37Z

Ljcool2006: workaround for links that have equal signs in them

FAQ

2024-08-25T21:43:39Z

Ljcool2006:

Here are some answers to either frequently asked questions or to important aspects of this project; the ground rules.

==What is the purpose of this Wiki and this project?==

The purpose of this wiki is to "Solve the File Format Problem".

The File Format Problem in this context is that over the last century, many types of electronic information have been presented in formats that are non-intuitive and subject to the rapidly-shifting interests of what is newest and best. As a result, thousands of programs, documents, images and binary files are in danger of being unreadable to later generations as no readily available information about accessing them is to be found. Various projects have been launched in the last 20 years to deal with this problem, but they all lack a groundswell of directed volunteers working to once and for all get all the disparate information into one place and easily referenced by all. This is the goal of this project.

The project started on November 1st, 2012. All are invited to register and contribute. The goal is to have a massive bulk of knowledge in one place for all to use and incorporate into other similar directories and sites, providing a needed resource for generations to come.

==What IS a file format, anyway?==

That is an excellent, excellent question.

For the purposes of this Wiki, a file format is the description of any self-contained information. While some formats are self-evident, many are more obscure references to pre-known information, or collections of bytes and items that can be misleading or hard to decipher. File formats can also be embedded in each other - on this wiki, each format gets its own entry. For example, a [[JPEG]] image file might be on a [[FAT]] filesystem on a [[floppy disk]]. All of these get individual entries.

The nature of such a wide description is that some entries will skirt the edge of reason, or a file format will not be clear as to where it should be filed. This is understandable and will be dealt with, but the most important priority is to declare the file format exists, and then link it from the locations it should be at.

:Wisdom is actually just a file format. Contains less raw data than experience logs, less structure than code. It's basically lazy learnings.
:-- [https://twitter.com/vgr/status/891380000770805760 Venkatesh Rao]

==Some of these classifications (Organic, for example) are strange. Who'd want that?==

Part of the goals of this project are to extend out past the more limited realms of similar projects. Because of funding, direction, and preference, the multiple other sites are usually focused on a sub-set of all potential file formats, because who'd have time to deal with them? If this project gains more and more contributors, then there's not much more effort required to go after items on the fuzzy lines of what constitutes file formats. Or, for that matter, discern the reason they're file formats. So we have many items like [[DNA]] and [[Piano Rolls]] that can also be included and worked on. Priority-wise, however, it's probably best to stick with electronic file forms, especially ones lacking any links or documentation - they could really use your efforts.

==Why is it CC0?==

Making the information here CC0 provides the most flexibility for institutions and individuals who want to benefit from the project down the line. With no restrictive license for the main site, the efforts can be re-absorbed into a mass of other projects without needless negotiations over "licenses" and "rights" and provenance.

As a result, please refrain from copy-pasting prose and paragraphs from other sources that are not public domain or CC0. (For example, Wikipedia. Sketch out a differently-written summary of the information, and then link to the original information you're interested in having included. People who find compatibility with rewriting extant material can therefore take these links and create a new work for the Just Solve wiki. Duplicating lists and names of formats is OK - make use of the work of others to track down lists of obscure file types to include in this wiki.

==Wasn't it "Public Domain" initially?==

This Wiki was straight "Public Domain" for the first few weeks of its existence - however, calling something "public domain" has some issues in locations where Public Domain is not recognized by local copyright law. Therefore, CC0 was added to remove this ambiguity. So in effect, this is still Public Domain.

==What happens in the event of disagreement and conflict?==

Please try and work together as best you can - the goal of this project is to absorb an enormous amount of information and arguing about a point of order doesn't help anyone. Unlike Wikipedia's need for a distinct voice, there is nothing stopping people from making a second paragraph set to explain an alternate overview of a format, or to add a set of other links that the entry didn't have before. It's understandable we're going to have issues about arrangement of materials, like whether a certain format is a "written" or "text" format. It's more important to get the existence of that format in, because the use of Categories and links as we best put them together will make sure the effort is not wasted.

In cases where an impasse is reached, Jason Scott will serve as editor. In the event Jason Scott appears to be unreasonable, a separate discussion can ensue on the talk page. The goal, again, is to get the information in, past prettiness, preciousness and perfection. Cleaning is a much easier process than acquiring and enumerating at this stage.

==How can I help? I don't like to ______ and everyone seems to have that under control anyway.==

The way I see it, there are two kinds of tasks that the Wiki encourages: tasks involving finding items for the Wiki (be they formats or information about them) and making the Wiki "better" in terms of organization and presentation.

For the tasks of finding items, going to the [[Sources]] page and you will find a wide variety of locations and directories that will always need another set of eyes to find gems. The individual pages for the formats will have links to other examples or directories that reference that format specifically - those could always use more additions. Linking to an already-researched page that has an eye to describing and improving access to a format completely trumps creating such a page on the Wiki - the huge span of formats out there is the daunting part. So search far and wide and bring back knowledge!

For the task of the Wiki itself, there are a lot of cases where formatting could be improved, design could look nicer, and classification could be clearer. We expect the look of the place to change significantly over the month as people include MediaWiki Templates and other tricks to make it easier to browse and find information. Short, informative blurbs about each format help people find what they're looking for. Check it out.

==Why are there so many darned file formats anyway?==

[http://xkcd.com/927/ This XKCD comic] has as good an explanation as anybody.

Here's [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AjYq8GL2Oig a webinar] giving some of the reasons behind file format multiplicity.

==Write wiki@textfiles.com to ask for an account. WHAT'S WRONG WITH YOU???????==

We know about this and there is nothing that we can do about it until someone who has control over this wiki fixes it.

[[Category:Meta]]

User:Ljcool2006/sandbox

2024-08-25T21:38:12Z

Ljcool2006:

test

{{GreyTitle|test}}

{{CenterGreyBox|test|test}}

User:Ljcool2006/sandbox

2024-08-25T21:37:30Z

Ljcool2006:

test

{{GreyTitle|test}}

User:Ljcool2006/sandbox

2024-08-25T21:34:30Z

Ljcool2006: Created page with "test"

test

Sources

2024-05-17T10:26:54Z

Ljcool2006: /* List of Places Keeping Track of Formats */

__NOTOC__
If you're looking for places to pull either file format information, or to verify stuff you've found, or to go that extra mile to track down variations, here's some similar endeavors and items.

==List of Places Keeping Track of Formats==

{| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%;"
|-
! URL !! Notes
|-
| [https://fileinfo.com/ FileInfo]
| A vast catalog of file extensions, but the data they give is very minimal.
|-
| [https://filext.com/ FilExt]
| Similar to FileInfo
|-
| [https://forensics.wiki/ Forensics Wiki]
|
|-
| http://archivematica.org/preservation
|
|-
| http://www.fileformat.info/
|
|-
| http://www.ace.net.nz/tech/TechFileFormat.html
|
|-
| http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_file_formats
| Also [[wikipedia:Template:Infobox file format]] ([http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AWhatLinksHere&limit=500&target=Template%3AInfobox+file+format&namespace=0 pages using this template])
|-
| [https://wikidata.org Wikidata]
| we can use SPARQL to [https://w.wiki/6L8g query for MIME types] or [https://w.wiki/6L8h file extensions].
|-
| [[PRONOM|The PRONOM format registry]]
|
|-
| http://wiki.multimedia.cx
|
|-
| http://archive.org/download/file-format-encyclopedia/fileformat.zip
|
|-
| http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/formats/fdd/descriptions.shtml
|
|-
| http://www.udfr.org/
| See also http://gdfr.info/
|-
| http://gitorious.org/re-lab
| Tools & specs from re-lab- graphics formats, and office formats
|-
| http://www-mmsp.ece.mcgill.ca/documents/AudioFormats/index.html
| Documentation, details, specs, and samples for a handful of audio formats
|-
| http://wiki.xentax.com/index.php/Game_File_Format_Central
| This wiki is the home of the most game (archive) file format knowledge in the world.
|-
| http://mark0.net/soft-trid-e.html
| Home to TrID, which can identify a vast number of file formats using an updateable database
|-
| http://mark0.net/soft-trid-deflist.html
| Online searchable version of the TrID database file
|-
| http://file-extension.net/seeker/
| Metasearch engine for file extensions. Find info about unknown file extensions or filetypes
|-
| http://www.vgmpf.com/Wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page
| the Videogame Music Preservation Foundation Wiki has information on a number of formats used to play back videogame music
|-
| http://hackipedia.org/File%20formats/
| loads of info on various formats here
|-
| http://wiki.mobileread.com/wiki/E-book_formats
| detailed information on e-Book formats.
|-
| http://mediapedia.nla.gov.au/
| "The Mediapedia resource is intended to enable the identification of various physical media carrier types for assisting with collection planning, assessment, documentation, infrastructure and preservation planning for the content they hold. These could include media across various genres such as cine, video, photo, audio, data, paper carriers, microfilm, etc."
|-
| http://wiki.opf-labs.org/display/TR/Formats
| Small list of formats with detailed descriptions of some known access/preservation problems.
|-
| [http://registry.dcc.ac.uk:8080/RegistryWeb/Registry/ CASPAR/DCC Representation Information Repository]
|
|-
| [http://theswo.sourceforge.net/ The Software Ontology]
|
|-
| [http://keep-totem.co.uk/ KEEP Totem]
| Also covers software, hardware etc.
|-
| [http://cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php/Main_Page Dead Media Archives]
|
|-
| [http://www.fid3.com/file-formats The >4000 formats known to FI Tools]<br>[http://www.fid3.com/formats-ext1 by extension]<br>[http://www.fid3.com/formats-mime by MIME type]
|
|-
| [http://hg.python.org/cpython/file/2.7/Lib/mimetypes.py#l402 Python source code for mimetypes module]
| /etc/mimetypes on *nix systems defines a number of file formats and [[MIME types]]
|-
| http://www.iasa-web.org/tc04/key-digital-principles
| Recommended Audio formats by Audiovisual Archives and Institutions
|-
| http://www.gpsbabel.org/capabilities.html
| List of formats used by GPS devices
|-
| [http://www.microsoft.com/openspecifications/en/us/programs/osp/office-file-formats/default.aspx Microsoft's Open Document Specifications]
|
|-
| http://mamedev.org/source/src/lib/formats/index.html<br>http://mamedev.org/source/src/mess/formats/index.html
| Format handlers for disk images, cassette images, and memory snapshots/quickloads in the MESS source code.
|-
| http://minidisc.org
| A lot of minidisc related info
|-
| http://cool.conservation-us.org/
| Conservation Online
|-
| http://filext.com/
| File Extensions with MIME types
|-
| http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_file_formats_(alphabetical)
| Wikipedia list of file formats (alphabetical)
|-
| http://ist.uwaterloo.ca/~schepers/formats.html
| The C64 file formats list
|-
| http://3dbrew.org/wiki/Category:File_formats
| Nintendo 3DS file formats
|-
| [http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/index.html IANA MIME Media Types]
| lots of useful info here and often quite detailed as well
|-
| [http://gitorious.org/msoscheme msoscheme]
| Project that creates a machine-readable description of the binary file formats of Microsoft Office
|-
| http://www.schnarff.com/file-formats/
| File Formats documentation collection
|-
| [http://the-fr.org/ The Format Registry]
|-
| http://www.freebase.com/computer/file_format?instances=
| Freebase instances in category "File Format"
|-
| https://bitbucket.org/haypo/hachoir/src/default/hachoir-parser/hachoir_parser/
| Hachoir file format parsers
|-
| https://bitbucket.org/haypo/hachoir/wiki/FileFormatResources
| Hachoir list of file format resources
|-
| https://theiphonewiki.com/wiki/Category:File_Formats
| iPhone related file formats
|-
| [https://www.synalysis.net/formats.xml Synalize It]
| File-format grammars
|-
| [http://www.binwalk.org Binwalk]
| Can recognise and extract data in many formats embedded inside firmware images
|-
| http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/fonts/X-Window-System-fonts.html
| Good info about the Fonts on Windows X system
|-
| http://www.online-convert.com/file-type
|
|-
| https://melog.info/archives/2004/09/30223144.html
| PC98 disk image formats (Japanese)
|-
| http://lclevy.free.fr/amiga/formats.html
| Amiga file formats
|-
| http://hitmen.c02.at/files/yagcd/yagcd/
| Contains Nintendo GameCube file formats
|-
| https://wiibrew.org/wiki/Category:File_formats
| Files related to the Nintendo Wii
|-
| http://wiki.tockdom.com/wiki/Category:File_Format
| File formats related to the Mario Kart games
|-
| https://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/File_Formats_Recovered_By_PhotoRec
| File Format Signatures used in data recovery
|-
| [[Atari Forum Wiki]]
|
|-
| http://www.undocprint.org/
| Information on printing-related formats, languages, and protocols
|-
| https://extension.nirsoft.net
| Contains program data related to files.
|}

The following resources are no longer available:

{| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%;"
|-
! URL !! Notes
|-
| http://wotsit.org/
| (<s>their download page is broken. need to ping webmaster about that.</s> now the entire website is just a parking page)
|-
| http://unarchiver.c3.cx/formats
| ([https://web.archive.org/web/20170721220043/http://unarchiver.c3.cx/formats View on the Wayback Machine])
|-
| http://rewiki.regengedanken.de/ Game reverse-engineering
| ([https://web.archive.org/web/20180105180951/http://rewiki.regengedanken.de/wiki/Main_Page View on the Wayback Machine])
|}

==Emulation==

* http://nonmess.retrogames.com/ - Emulator listing for various computer formats, including MESS and single-machine emulators.
* [http://emuframework.sourceforge.net/ The Emulation Framework] is software developed by the international KEEP project, co-funded by the European Union's 7th Framework Programme.

==Books==

* [http://www.amazon.com/Compressed-Image-File-Formats-JPEG/dp/0201604434/ Compressed Image File Formats: JPEG, PNG, GIF, XBM, BMP] by John Miano (1999)
* [http://www.amazon.com/Encyclopedia-Graphics-File-Formats-Reference/dp/1565921615/ Encyclopedia of Graphics File Formats] by James D. Murray and William VanRyper (1994, 1996) '''Copy Acquired!''' Refer to the [[Encyclopedia of Graphics File Formats|main article]].
* [http://www.amazon.com/Graphics-File-Formats-David-Kay/dp/0070340250/ Graphics File Formats] by David C. Kay and John R. Levine (1994)
* [http://www.amazon.com/Graphics-File-Formats-Reference-Guide/dp/0133034054/ Graphics File Formats: Reference and Guide] by C. Wayne Brown, Barry J. Shepherd (1994)
* [http://www.amazon.com/Formats-Popular-Personal-Computer-Software/dp/0471836710/ File Formats for Popular Personal Computer Software: A Programmer's Reference (Self-teaching Guides)] by Jeff Walden (1986) '''Copy Acquired!'''
* [http://www.amazon.com/File-Formats-Internet-Guide-Users/dp/0871114410 File Formats on the Internet: A Guide for PC Users] by Allison B. Zhang (1996) '''Copy Acquired!'''
* [http://www.amazon.com/Graphics-File-Formats-Programmers-Reference/dp/0201488353/ 3D Graphics File Formats: A Programmer's Reference] by Keith Rule (1996)
* [http://www.amazon.com/More-File-Formats-Popular-Software/dp/0471850772/ More File Formats for Popular PC Software: A Programmer's Reference] by Jeff Walden (1987) '''Copy Acquired!'''
* [http://www.amazon.com/Lotus-File-Formats-1-2-3-Symphony/dp/0201168243/ Lotus File Formats for 1-2-3 Symphony & Jazz: File Structure Descriptions for Developers] from Lotus, Inc. (1986)
* [http://www.amazon.com/Inside-Windows-File-Formats-Swan/dp/0672303388/ Inside Windows File Formats] by Tom Swan (Nov 1993)
* [http://www.amazon.com/Internet-File-Formats-Complete-Receiving/dp/188357756X/ Internet File Formats: Your Complete Resource for Sending, Receiving, and Using Internet Files] by Tim Kientzle (Oct 15, 1995) [https://archive.org/details/mac_Internet_File_Formats_1995 Archive.org Scan], [https://archive.org/details/internet-file-formats-cd Companion CD-ROM]
* [http://www.amazon.com/File-Formats-Popular-PC-Software/dp/0471528064/ File Formats for Popular PC Software] by Jeff Walden (Nov 1992)
* [http://www.amazon.com/File-Formats-Conversions-Book-Developers/dp/155755059X/ PC File Formats and Conversions/Book and Disk (Developers Series)] by Ralf Kussmann (Mar 1990)
* [http://www.amazon.com/Windows-Undocumented-Formats-Working-Inside/dp/0879304375/ Windows Undocumented File Formats; Working Inside 16- and 32- bit Windows] by Pete Davis (Jan 23, 1997)
* [http://www.amazon.com/Graphics-File-Formats-Complete-Reference/dp/0070375321/ Graphics File Formats: The Complete Reference] by John R. Levine and David C. Kay (May 1992)
* [http://www.amazon.com/Using-Pcx-Graphics-Files-Programmers/dp/0879304324/ Using Pcx Graphics Files: The Programmer's Definitive Guide to Pcx File Formats] by Roger T. Stevens (Apr 1, 1996)
* [http://www.amazon.com/File-Formats-Handbook-Gunter-Born/dp/1850321175/ The File Formats Handbook] by Gunter Born (Sep 1995)
* [http://www.amazon.com/Window-System-Formats-Application-Conventions/dp/1872630154/ X Window System File Formats and Application Conventions (X11R4)] by The Open Group (Jul 17, 1991)
* [http://www.iasa-web.org/audio-preservation-tc04 Guidelines on the Production and Preservation of Digital Audio Objects] by IASA (2009)
* Android Forensics: Investigation, Analysis and Mobile Security for Google Android - Andrew Hoog - contains info on the Android file structure and how to obtain data from a locked phone, usually of a dead person, or a poor guy who forgot his password.

==Other Useful Materials and Services==

* http://www.nsrl.nist.gov/ National Software Reference Library (see also http://blogs.loc.gov/digitalpreservation/2012/05/life-saving-the-national-software-reference-library/)
* http://www.openplanetsfoundation.org/software/fido Format Identification for Digital Objects
* https://github.com/usnationalarchives/File-Analyzer File Analyzer
* https://sk1project.net/modules.php?name=Products&product=uniconvertor UniConvertor is a universal vector graphics translator. It is a command line tool which uses sK1 object model to convert one format to another
* http://www.textfiles.com/programming/FORMATS/
* http://wiki.opf-labs.org/display/SPR/Digital+Preservation+Tools Wiki list of digital preservation tool lists
* http://wiki.opf-labs.org/display/REQ/Digital+Preservation+and+Data+Curation+Requirements+and+Solutions Digital Preservation and Data Curation Requirements and Solutions. Not classified by formats, but by datasets, issues and solutions.
* http://fileformats.wordpress.com/ - The File Formats Blog
* http://www.archive.org/details/cdbbsarchive - The Internet Archive has over 1,500 CD-ROMs loaded with shareware, and with that comes converters, documentation and other vital works related to file formats.
* [http://wiki.opf-labs.org/display/SPR/Crowd+sourced+Representation+Information+for+Supporting+Preservation+(cRIsp) Crowd sourced Representation Information for Supporting Preservation (cRIsp)]
* [http://www.nsrl.nist.gov/ National Software Reference Library]
* [http://mediatypes.appspot.com/ Linked Data URIs for MIME Types]
* http://darwinsys.com/file/ UNIX file(1) format guessing utility
* http://www.filesignatures.net/ Online database of file signatures (magic numbers)
* http://www.garykessler.net/library/file_sigs.html List of file signatures (magic numbers)
* [http://paulbourke.net/dataformats/ Data Formats from Paul Bourke] Useful information on older formats. Categories include Geometric (e.g., 3-D), Audio, and Image.
* [http://www.martinreddy.net/gfx/ Graphics File Formats page from Martin Reddy] Useful information on older formats. Categories are: 2-D and 3-D, with supplementary resources.
* [http://samples.multimedia.cx/ LibAV Sample Files collection, over 50GB]
* http://www.corel.com/content/pdf/wpx4/corel-wordperfect-office-X4-reviewers-guide.pdf Corel WordPerfect Office Reviewers Guide, Appendix A gives useful overview of old Office formats + their typical file extensions.
* http://documentation.statsoft.com/STATISTICAHelp.aspx?path=common/CommonMenus/CompatibleDocumentTypes Some info on formats of / compatible with Statsoft Statistica
* http://web-beta.archive.org/web/20100210224635/http://medlem.spray.se/converters Loads of DOS / Windows conversion programs - this appears to be the most recent grab held by the Internet Archive
* https://github.com/kreativekorp/ksfl Project to read/write various container formats
* http://www.kreativekorp.com/swdownload/wildfire/HC%20FILE%20FORMAT%202010.TXT Description of the [[HyperCard stack]] file format
* [http://mediaarchaeologylab.com/ Media Archeology Lab]
* [https://archive.org/details/bitsavers_dec Bitsavers document library of DEC manuals]
* [http://www.documentliberation.org/ Document Liberation Project]
* [http://qanda.digipres.org/80/unusual-sources-of-file-format-signatures Unusual sources of file format signatures]
* [http://www.deadmedia.org/ The Dead Media Project]
* [http://archives.govt.nz/advice/guidance-and-standards/guidance-subject/digital-recordkeeping/advice-file-formats-creation-di Advice on File Formats for the Creation of Digital Records] (Archives New Zealand)
* [http://www.avpreserve.com/papers-and-presentations/an-introduction-to-using-the-command-line-interface-to-work-with-files-and-directories/ An introduction to using the command line interface to work with files and directories]
* [http://www.digipres.org/ DigiPres Commons Community-owned digital preservation resources]
* [http://www.digipres.org/tools/ POWRR Tool Grid]
* [http://ec2-52-37-126-112.us-west-2.compute.amazonaws.com/falstaff/ Falstaff: online file identification utility]
* [http://access.bitcurator.net/index.php?title=Main_Page BitCurator access tools]
* [http://www.documentliberation.org/projects/ Document Liberation Project projects]
* [https://mediaarea.net/ollistd Open LossLess in STanDards] ([https://github.com/mediaarea/ollistd GitHub])
* http://www.manmrk.net/tutorials/compress/index.htm A large collection of 1990s compression software

[[Category:Sources| ]]

Pocket PC Bitmap

2024-04-22T03:14:33Z

Ljcool2006: dead link maintenance

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|2bp}}
|released=~1996
}}
'''Pocket PC Bitmap''' ('''2BP''') is a bitmap image format used on early Windows CE devices. It is a 4-tone grayscale format.

Evidently, 2BP is the same as [[BMP|Windows BMP]] v3, except that it has a bit depth of 2. The palette might always contain the grayscale colors {0x00, 0x80, 0xc0, 0xff}.

== Software ==
* [[Konvertor]]
* [[XnView]]
* [[Netpbm]]: bmptopnm
* [[Tom's Viewer]]

== Sample files ==
* https://github.com/apple-oss-distributions/zip/tree/zip-6/unzip/unzip/wince → *.2bp

== Links ==
* [https://www.betaarchive.com/wiki/index.php?title=Microsoft_KB_Archive/159279 Microsoft article about converting .2bp to .bmp]
* [http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa452885.aspx BITMAPINFOHEADER (Windows CE 5.0)]

[[Category:Personal Digital Assistant formats]]
[[Category:Microsoft]]
[[Category:Windows]]

EPOC/Symbian executable

2024-04-13T13:02:01Z

Ljcool2006:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Executables
|extensions={{ext|app}}, {{ext|opx}}, {{ext|opo}}, {{ext|dll}}, {{ext|exe}}
}}
This article describes the standard binary executable formats associated with Psion Series 5, EPOC, and Symbian devices and operating systems. Such files may be distributed in a [[SIS]] package.

== Formats ==
Formats include:

{| class="wikitable"
! Signature !! Ext. !! Name
|-
|{{magic|79 00 00 10 6c 00 00 10}} || .app || Application
|-
|{{magic|79 00 00 10 ce 39 00 10}} || .app || Symbian Application
|-
|{{magic|37 00 00 10 74 00 00 10}} || .app || OPL Application
|-
|{{magic|79 00 00 10 8d 00 00 10}} || .dll || DLL
|-
|{{magic|79 00 00 10 5d 00 00 10}} || .opx || OPL Extensions
|-
|{{magic|37 00 00 10 73 00 00 10}} || .opo || OPL Object Module
|}

== Related formats ==
* [[Psion IMG/APP]] (predecessor format)
* [[Psion OPO/OPA]] (predecessor format)

== Sample files ==
* {{DexvertSamples|executable/epocExecutable}}

[[Category:EPOC/Symbian]]

WaveGL

2023-12-25T08:07:12Z

Ljcool2006: /* Sample files */ fix dead link

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=Languages
|subcat=Programming Languages
}}
'''WaveGL''' is a programming language designed for sounds, based on [[OpenGL Shading Language]] (a programming language for graphics), which in turn has a syntax based on [[C]]. It lets you set up mathematical functions which are rendered as audio.

There appears to be a different "Wave-GL" programming language described in Dr. Dobbs Journal in 1996, which is a similar concept (using mathematical functions to generate computer audio) but with a different syntax.

== Sample files ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20191225081115/http://greweb.me/wavegl/?example=hello_world Example files "in action"] (warning: starts playing sound immediately when you load pages!)

== Other links ==
* [https://github.com/gre/wavegl WaveGL Github]
* [http://www.drdobbs.com/database/speech-research-with-wave-gl/184409996 1996 Dr. Dobbs article on Wave-GL]

[[Category:Audio and Music]]

Audio and Music

2023-12-25T07:38:09Z

Ljcool2006: /* Speech synthesis */ add microsoft tts pages (not yet created)

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|thiscat=Audio and Music
|image=Music.jpg
|caption=Musical notation
}}
[[Electronic_File_Formats|Electronic Formats]] concerned with audio and musical data, including sound recording, instrument control, musical notation, etc.

For additional multimedia formats that may contain audio, see [[Video]].

== Introduction ==
* For an excellent introduction to the issues around audio and video formats, see [http://www.avpreserve.com/blog/a-primer-on-codecs-for-moving-image-and-sound-archives-2/ A Primer on Codecs for Moving Image and Sound Archives - and 10 Recommendations for Codec Selection & Management] [http://www.avpreserve.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/AVPS_Codec_Primer.pdf PDF version]
* [http://www.garymcgath.com/streamingprotocols.html Basics of streaming protocols]

== Album formats ==
(files containing entire music albums, with some track structure)
* [[Connected Media Experience]] (CME, CMX)
* [[iTunes LP]]

== Audio and sequencer software ==

* Ableton
** [[Ableton Live]]
* Adobe Audition
** [[Cool Edit / Audition Multi Track Session file]] (.ses)
** [[Audition]] (.sesx)
* Aldrin
** [[Creative Commons Module]] (.ccm)
* [[Audacity Project Format]] (.aup)
** [[Audacity AU]] (.au)
* Cakewalk
** [[Cakewalk Bundle (BUN)]] (.bun)
** [[Cakewalk Bundle (CWB)]] (.cwb)
** [[Cakewalk Dump Request Macro]] (.drm)
** [[Cakewalk Instrument Definition File]] (.ins)
** [[Cakewalk Project (CWP)]] (.cwp)
** [[Cakewalk Project (WRK)]] (.wrk)
** [[Cakewalk Sample Definition File]] (.sfz)
* [[CPS project]] (.cps)
* [[DeLuxe Music Score]]
* [[Digital Performer]]
* [[Dynamic Studio Professional module]]
* FruityLoops / FL Studio
** [[BeatCreator/BeatSlicer Grid File]] (.zgr)
** [[DrumSynth Preset]] (.ds)
** [[FL Studio Score File]] (.fsc)
** [[FL Studio State File]] (.fst)
** [[Humanize Preset]] (.fpr)
** [[Raw FL Studio Project]] (.flp)
** [[SimSynth Preset]] (.syn)
** [[Speech Preset]] (.speech)
* GarageBand (Mac)
** [[GarageBand project]] (.band, .gbproj)
** [[Magic GarageBand template]] (.wand)
** [[GarageBand MagicMentor template]] (.mwand)
* [[Hydrogen]] (.h2song, .h2pattern)
* [[iZotope RX]] (.rxdoc)
* Jeskola Buzz
** [[Jeskola Buzz machine]] (.dll)
** [[Jeskola Buzz machine preset]] (.prs, .prs.xml)
** [[Jeskola Buzz song]] (.bmx, .bmw)
* [[LMMS]] (Linux MultiMedia Studio) (.mmp, .mmpz)
* Logic Pro / Logic / Notator Logic
** [[Logic Pro project file]] (.logic, .logicx)
* [[Maestro]] (RISC OS)
* [[Make-A-Melody]] (''Big Blue Disk'' #42) (.mus)
* [[Nero SoundTrax]] (.npf)
* [[Nero WaveEditor]] (.nwf)
* Piston Collage / PxTone
** [[Piston Collage noise]] (.ptnoise)
** [[Piston Collage song]] (.ptcop, .pttune)
** [[Piston Collage voice]] (.ptvoice)
* Pro Tools
** [[Pro Tools (Mac)]] (.pt5, .p24, .pt4, .pt3)
** [[PTS]] (Pro Tools 5.1-6.9)
** [[PTF]] (Pro Tools 7-9)
** [[PTX (Pro Tools)|PTX]] (Pro Tools 10)
* Propellerhead (Reason, ReCycle)
** [[Propellerhead Reason NN-XT Patch File]] (.sx2)
** [[Propellerhead Reason Project File]] / song file (.reason, .rns, others)
** [[Propellerhead Reason ReFill Sound Bank]] (.rfl)
** [[Propellerhead ReCycle Loop File]] (.rex)
** [[Reason Studios REX2 Audio File]] (.rx2)
* [[Reaper Project]] (.rpp)
* [[Renoise]]
** [[Renoise song]] (.xrns)
** [[Renoise instrument]] (.xrni)
** [[Renoise DSP device-chain]] (.xrnt)
* [[ROXIO|Roxio]]
** [[DMSE]] (Sound Editor project)
** [[DMSA]] (Music Disc Creator project)
* SeaTone / PixTone
** [[PXT]] (.pxt)
* [[Sonic Foundry Acid]] (.acd)
* [[SoundDesigner II]] (.sd2)
* [[Soundtrack Pro]] (.stmp)
* Steinberg
** [[Cubase]]
*** [[ALL]] - A Steinberg [[Cubase]] VST file for saving songs (pre 2002).
*** [[ARR]] - A Steinberg [[Cubase]] VST file for saving arrangements (pre 2002).
*** [[CPR]] - A Steinberg [[Cubase]] SX file for saving projects (2002 - ).
** [[Nuendo]]
*** [[NPR]] - A Steinberg [[Nuendo]] file for saving arrangements (2002 - ).
** [[WaveLab]]
*** [[MON]] (Audio montage)
* [[(Super) Studio Session song]] (.sss)
* [[Waveburner]] (.wb3)

== Audio recording and sound waves ==

* Lossless compression
** [[ATRAC Advanced Lossless]] (.aal)
** [[ADA]] (Advanced Digital Audio)
** [[ALAC]] (Apple Lossless Audio Codec)
** [[APAC]] (Marian's A-pac)
** [[Dakx Wav]]
** [[Dolby TrueHD]]
** [[DTS-HD]] (Lossless variant of DTS- DTS-HD Master Audio)
** [[FLAC]] (Free Lossless Audio Codec)
** [[G.711]]
** [[G.729]]
** [[Kexis]] (.kxs)
** [[LA]] (Lossless Audio)
** [[LiteWave]]
** [[LPAC]] (Lossless Predictive Audio Coding)
** [[MKW]]
** [[MLP]] (Meridian Lossless Packing Audio)
** [[Monkey's Audio]] (.ape)
** [[MPEG-4 ALS]] (MPEG-4 Audio Lossless Coding)
** [[MPEG-4 SLS]] (MPEG-4 Scalable lossless coding mode)
** [[MQA]] (Master Quality Authenticated)
** [[OptimFROG]] (.ofr, .ofs)
** [[Perfect Clarity Audio]] (.pca)
** [[RALF]] (Real Lossless Audio Codec)
** [[RK Audio]] (.rka)
** [[Shorten]] (.shn)
** [[Sonarc]]
** [[Split2000]]
** [[TAK]] (.tak)
** [[True Audio]] (.tta)
** [[VocPack]]
** [[WavArc]]
** [[WavPack]] (.wv)
** [[WMA Lossless]] (Windows Media Audio 9 Lossless)
* Lossy compression
** [[AAC]] (Advanced Audio Coding)
** [[ADPCM|Adaptive differential pulse-code modulation]]
*** [[ACT]]
*** [[ADPCM-A]] (Yamaha)
*** [[ADPCM-B]] (Yamaha)
*** [[VOX]]
** [[Adaptive Multi-Rate WideBand Audio]]
** [[Adaptive Multi-Rate Audio]] (.amr)
** [[Archimedes VIDC audio]]
** ATRAC or [[Adaptive Transform Acoustic Coding]] (.aa3, .oma, .at3)
** [[Audible Audiobook]] (.aa, .aax)
** [[Audition Loop]] (.cel)
** [[CELT]] (.ogg)
** [[Digital Theater Systems]] (.dts)
** [[Dolby Digital]] (AC-3 or ATSC A/52)
** [[GSM]] (GSM 6.10 RPE-LTP)
** [[LB]] (Low Bitrate)
** [[M4B]] (iTunes Audio Book)
** [[M4P]] (Fairplay DRM Encrypted [[M4A]])
** MP1: See [[MPEG Audio Layer I]]
** MP2: See [[MPEG Audio Layer II]]
** [[MP3]] (MPEG-1 / MPEG-2 Audio Layer III)
*** [[packMP3]]
*** [[mp3PRO]]
*** [[MP3 wrapper]] - '''reversibly''' combine mp3 files into one playable mp3 (often used on filesharing services that banned other formats like zip/rar)
**** [[zip/rar.mp3]]
**** [[AlbumWrap (ALBW)]]
**** [[MooseWrap (DJWrap)]]
**** [[Mp3Wrap]]
**** [[Track Wrapper (TRKW)]]
**** [[MP3 Album Maker]]
**** [[M3A]]
**** [[Wrapster]] (when adding MP3 files to a wrapped MP3 file)
** MPA (MPEG Audio): See [[MPEG Audio Layer II]]
** MP+ (MPEGplus Audio): See [[Musepack Audio]]
** MPEG-4 Audio: Can refer to various formats connected with [[MPEG-4]], including [[AAC]]. (.m4a, .m4b, .m4p, .m4r, .mp4, .aac)
** [[MPEG Audio Layer I]] (MP1)
** [[MPEG Audio Layer II]] (MP2; MPEG-1 Audio Layer II)
** [[Musepack Audio]] (.mpc)
** [[Opus]] (.opus)
** [[Quite OK Audio]] (.qoa)
** [[RealAudio]] (.ra)
** [[Speex]] (.spx)
** [[SWA]]
** [[Vorbis]] (.logg, .oga, .ogg)
** [[WMA]] (Windows Media Audio)
* Proprietary
** [[DCT]] (Dictation format by NCH Software)
** [[Digital Speech Standard]] (.dss)
** [[Digital Voice File]] (.dvf)
** [[IC Sound]] (.ics)
** [[iKlax]] (iKlax Media)
** [[Memory Stick Voice]] (.msv)
** [[Panasonic VM1]] (.vm1)
** [[Pono]]
** [[PXD]]
** [[RCA-VOC]] (.voc)
* Separated parts of tracks
** [[Stems]]
* Uncompressed audio
** [[AIFF|AIF / AIFF]] (Audio Interchange File Format)
** [[Berkeley/IRCAM/Carl Sound Format]] (.sf)
** [[BWF]] (Broadcast Wave Format; variant of WAV)
** [[DSD]] (Direct Stream Digital) (.dsf)
** [[RAW (Audio)|RAW]] (.raw, .pcm)
** [[RF64]] (extended variant of BWF)
** [[Sony Wave64]] (.w64)
** [[WAV]] (Waveform Audio File Format)
* Various encodings
** [[AIFC]] ([[AIFF]] Compressed)
** [[AU]] (Sun Microsystems audio format)
** [[Computerized Speech Lab NSP]] (.nsp)
** [[DiamondWare Digitized]] (.dwd)
** [[Bonk]] (lossy/lossless audio compression)
** [[INRS-Telecom file]] (.aud)
** [[SIFF]] (.son)
** [[SPPACK]] (.d)
** [[WVE (Psion)]]

== Chiptune ==

* [[SAM Coupé song]] (.cop, .sng)

== Configuration files ==

* [[X2A]] (Yamaha S70xs/S90xs keyboard workstations)

== Container formats ==

* [[AAF]] (Advanced Authoring Format)
* [[ASF]] (Advanced Systems Format)
* [[Core Audio Format]] (.caf)
* [[Extensible Music Format]] (.xmf)
* [[IFF]]
* [[Matroska Audio]] (.mka)
* [[MP4]] (MPEG-4 Part 14 media container)
* [[Ogg]] (.ogg, .oga, .ogx, .spx, .opus)
* [[OMF Interchange]] (Open Media Framework Interchange format)
* [[Qualcomm QCP]] (Purevoice)
* [[Rich Music Format]] (.rmf)
* [[RealMedia]] (.rm)
* [[WAV]]
* [[WebM]] (.webm) (also used for video)

== Converters ==

* [[Konvertor]]

== Emulated music ==

* [[2SF]] (Nintendo DS [[Portable Sound Format|PSF]])
* [[3G2]] (3GPP, also a video format)
* [[3GP]] (3GPP, also a video format)
* [[Atari SoundHeader]] (SNDH)
* [[AY]] (Amstrad CPC / ZX Spectrum / ZXAYEMUL)
* [[AZX]] (ZX Spectrum)
* [[Custom Amiga Module]] (CUST)
* [[DSF]] (Dreamcast [[Portable Sound Format|PSF]])
* [[EPSGMOD]] (.epsgmod, Mod2PSG)
* [[Fuxoft AY Language]] (.fmx)
* [[Game Boy Sound]] (.gbs)
* [[GBR]] (Game Boy Sound)
* [[Gens Sound Record]] (GSR)
* [[GSF]] (Game Boy Advance [[Portable Sound Format|PSF]])
* [[HES]] (Hudson Entertainment System)
* [[KSS]] (MSX)
* [[KSSX]] (Possible expansion of [[KSS]])
* [[MDX (X68000)|MDX]] (Sharp X68000 / MXDRV)
* [[NES Sound Format]] (.nsf)
* [[NES Sound Format Extended]] (.nsfe)
* [[NSD (audio)|NSD]]
* [[Portable Sound Format|PSF]] (Portable Sound Format)
* [[PSF1]] (Playstation [[Portable Sound Format|PSF]])
* [[PSF2]] (Playstation 2 [[Portable Sound Format|PSF]])
* [[QSF]] (Capcom Q-Sound [[Portable Sound Format|PSF]])
* [[SC68]] (Atari ST / Atari STE / Amiga)
* [[SGC]] (Sega Master System / Game Gear / Colecovision)
* [[SID]] (Commodore 64)
* [[SPC (Audio)|SPC]] (Super Nintendo SPC700)
* [[SSF]] (Sega Saturn [[Portable Sound Format|PSF]])
* [[USF]] (Nintendo 64 [[Portable Sound Format|PSF]])
* [[YM]] (Amstrad CPC / Spectrum ZX / Atari ST)

== Game audio and music ==

(see also [[Game data files]])

* [[4X IMA ADPCM]]
* Accolade
** [[Accolade MIDI File Format]]
* Adept Software
** [[God of Thunder Music Format]]
* [[AFC]] (AFX Audio File) -- used in Mass Effect 2
* Apogee
** [[Crystal Caves Sound format]]
* Atari
** [[Slight Atari Player]] (Atari POKEY)
* [[BAF]] (Blur ADPCM)
* [[BAKA]] (PCM 16 bit)
* Bandai
** [[WSR]] (WonderSwan / WonderSwan Color)
* [[BH2PCM]]
* [[BNSF]] (G.722.1)
* Cave Story
** [[Organya]]
* Commodore Amiga
** [[A.M. Composer v1.2]] (.amc)
** [[AC1D-DC1A Packer]] (.ac1d)
** [[Actionamics Sound Tool]] (.ast)
** [[AMOS Music Bank]] (.abk)
** [[AMOS Memory Bank#AMOS Samples Bank|AMOS Samples Bank]] (.abk)
** [[Art & Magic]] (.aam)
** [[Audio Sculpture]] (.as)
** [[Beathoven Synthesiser]] (.bss)
** [[Ben Daglish]] (.bd)
** [[Ben Daglish SID]] (.bds)
** [[Ben Replay]] (.ben)
** [[Channel Players]] (.chan)
** [[Cinemaware]] (.cin)
** [[Core Design]] (.core)
** [[CustomMade]] (.cm)
** [[Darius Zendeh]] (.dz)
** [[Dave Lowe]] (.dl)
** [[Dave Lowe New]] (.dln)
** [[David Hanney]] (.dh)
** [[David Whittaker]] (.dw)
** [[Desire]] (.dsr)
** [[Digital Illusions]] (.di)
** [[Digital Sonix & Chrome]] (.dsc)
** [[Digital Sound Creations]] (.han)
** [[Dirk Bialluch]] (.tpu)
** [[Dynamic Synthesizer]] (.dns)
** [[Editeur Musical Sequentiel]] (.ems)
** [[Follin Player II]] (.tf)
** [[Fred Editor]] (.fred)
** [[Fred Gray]] (.fg)
** [[Future Player]] (.fp)
** [[FWMP]] (.fw)
** [[Game Music Creator]] (.gmc)
** [[Gnu Player]] (.gp)
** [[Hippel]] (.hip)
** [[Hippel-COSO]] (.hipc)
** [[Hornet Packer]] (.hrt)
** [[Howie Davies]] (.hd)
** [[IFF-MAUD]]
** [[Images Music System]] (.ims)
** [[Infogrames INS]] (.ins)
** [[Janko Mrsic-Flogel]] (.jmf)
** [[Jason Brooke]] (.jcb)
** [[Jason Page]] (.jp)
** [[Jeroen Tel]] (.jt)
** [[Jesper Olsen]] (.jo)
** [[Jochen Hippel]] (.hip)
** [[Kefrens Sound Machine]] (.ksm)
** [[Kris Hatlelid]] (.kh)
** [[Leggless Music Editor]] (.lme)
** [[Magnetic Fields Packer]] (.mfp)
** [[Maniacs of Noise]] (.mon, .jt)
** [[Mark Cooksey]] (.mc)
** [[Mark II Sound-System]] (.mii, .mk2, .mkii)
** [[Martin Walker]] (.mw)
** [[MaxTrax]] (.mxtx)
** [[Mike Davies]] (.md)
** [[MMDC]] (Module packer)
** [[Mugician]] (.mug)
** [[Mugician II]] (.mug2)
** [[NoiseRunner]] (.nr)
** [[NovoTrade Packer]] (.ntp)
** [[Pierre Adane Packer]] (.pap)
** [[Power Music]] (.pm)
** [[Professional Sound Artists]] (.psa)
** [[Promizer 0.1]] (.pm01)
** [[Promizer 1.0c]] (.pm10)
** [[Promizer 1.8a]] (.pm18)
** [[Promizer 2.0]] (.pm20)
** [[Promizer 4.0]] (.pm40)
** [[ProPacker 1.0]] (.pp10)
** [[ProPacker 2.1]] (.pp21)
** [[ProPacker 3.0]] (.pp30)
** [[Prorunner]] (.prun1, .prun2)
** [[Richard Joseph]] or Vectordean (.rjp)
** [[Rob Hubbard]] (.rh, .rho)
** [[Ron Klaren]] (.rk)
** [[Sean Connolly]] (.scn)
** [[Sean Conran]] (.scr)
** [[Sidmon]] (.sid, .sid2)
** [[Silmarils]] (.mok)
** [[SKYT Packer]] (.skyt)
** [[Sonic Arranger]] (.sa)
** [[Sound Images]] (.tw)
** [[Sound Master]] (.sm)
** [[Sound Programming Language]] (.spl)
** [[Soundcontrol]] (.sct)
** [[Soundfactory]] (.psf)
** [[SoundPlayer]] (.sjs)
** [[Special FX]] (.jd)
** [[Speedy System]] (.ss)
** [[Steve Barrett]] (.sb)
** [[Jason Page|Steve Turner]] (.jpo)
* [[Star Trekker Packer]] (.stpk)
** [[Synth Dream]] (.sdr)
** [[Synth Pack]] (.osp)
** [[The Musical Enlightenment]] (.tme)
** [[The Player]] (.p22a, .p30a, .p40a, .p40b, .p50a, .p60a, .p61a)
** [[Titanics Player]] (.ttp)
** [[Tracker Packer 1]] (.tp1)
** [[Tracker Packer 2]] (.tp2)
** [[Tracker Packer 3]] (.tp3)
** [[Thomas Hermann]] (.thm)
** [[Wally Beben]] (.wb)
** [[Wanton Packer]] (.wn)
** [[XANN Packer]] (.xann)
** [[Zen Packer]] (.zen)
* CRI Middleware
** [[ADX]]
** [[AFS]] (container format for [[ADX]] / [[AHX (CRI)]])
** [[AHX (CRI)]]
** [[AIX]]
* [[DCS]] (ADPCM)
* [[Death Rally Archive]] (.bpa)
* [[DMSG]] (PCM 16 bit)
* [[EACS IMA ADPCM]] (.kcey)
* Electronic Arts
** [[8-Bit Sampled Voice]] (.8svx, .iff)
** [[Asylum Music Format]] (.amf, used in Crusader: No Remorse / Crusader: No Regret)
** [[Electronic Arts AS4 / ASF Music]] (.as4, .asf)
** [[Electronic Arts CMV]]
** [[Electronic Arts KSF Music]] (.ksf)
** [[Electronic Arts MAD]]
** [[Electronic Arts MUS]] (.mus)
** [[Electronic Arts SCxl]]
** [[Electronic Arts Sound Effects]] (.bnk, .crd)
** [[Electronic Arts Sound / Speech Files]] (.eas, .sph)
** [[Electronic Arts TGV]]
** [[Electronic Arts WVE]]
** [[IFF]] (Amiga 8SVX)
*** [[IFF-MAUD]]
** [[Sonix Music Driver]] (.smus)
* [[EMFF]] (ADPCM)
* Epic Megagames
** [[Epic Megagames MASI]] (.masi, .psm)
* [[Final Fantasy XI Music file]] (.bgw)
* [[FMOD Sample Bank]] (.fsb)
* [[Funcom ISS]]
* Galaxy Music System
** [[Galaxy Music System v4.0]]
** [[Galaxy Music System v5.0]] (.j2b)
* [[GCW]] (PCM 16 bit)
* [[Generic Header]] (.genh, Generic Header Creator)
* Herad Music System
** [[Herad Music System AGD]] (.agd)
** [[Herad Music System SDB]] (.sdb)
** [[Herad Music System SQX]] (.sqx)
* [[HIS]] (PCM 8 bit)
* id Software
** [[Doom MUS]]
** [[id Software DNF]] (.dnf)
** [[id Software Music Format]] (.imf)
** [[id Software WLF]] (.wlf)
* [[IMA ADPCM]] (.bar, .dvi, .hwas, .idvi, .ivaud, .myspd, .stma, .strm)
* [[Interplay ACM]] (.acm)
* [[Inverse Frequency Sound format]]
* [[iXMF]] (Interactive [[Extensible Music Format]])
* Ken Silverman
** [[Ken's Adlib Music]] (.ksm)
** [[Ken's Digital Music]] (.kdm)
** [[SM (Ken Silverman)]] (.sm)
** [[SND (Ken Silverman)]] (.snd)
* [[LOUDNESS Sound System]] (.lds)
* LucasArts
** [[LucasArts Adlib Audio]] (.laa)
** [[SCUMM]] (SCUMM)
* [[Martin Fernandez]] (.adlib)
* Microsoft
** [[0x0069]] (Xbox ADPCM)
** [[2DX]]
** [[2DX9]] (ADPCM)
** [[DE2]] (ADPCM)
** [[Xbox IMA ADPCM]] (.matx, .wavm, .wvs, .xmu, .xvas, .xwav)
* Mojang AB (Minecraft)
** [[Minecraft sounds.json]]

* Origin Software
** [[Ultima 6 Music]] (.m)
* PC-98 and PC-88
** [[Professional Music Driver PMD]] (.m, .m2)
* Pixel
** [[PMD (Pixel)]]
* [[Pixel Painters]] (.fmf)
* [[Ragnarok Online 2 RMP]]
* [[Shadowlands]] (.cal)
* Sierra
** [[Sierra AGI]] (Sierra AGI)
** [[Sierra SCI]] (Used in Sierra PC games)
* [[Sound Images Generation 2]] (.sig)
* [[Sound Interface System]] (.lem)
* [[STOS memory bank]] (.mbk)
* [[Unreal Music Format]] (.umx)
* Union Logic Software Publishing
** [[Vinyl Goddess From Mars Instrument Format]]
** [[Vinyl Goddess From Mars Music Format]]
* [[Unique Development Studios]] (.uds)
* [[Video Game Music]] (.vgm, .vgz)
* Westwood Studios
** [[Westwood Studios ADL]] (.adl)
** [[Westwood Studios AUD]] (.aud)
* [[Whacky Wheels]] (.klm)
* [[XMP Game Module]] (.j2b)

=== Nintendo ===

* [[Advanced Mario Sequencer file]] (.mss)
* [[BRSTMPSM]] (Super Paper Mario)
* [[Donkey Konga 2 DSP]] (Donkey Konga 2)
* [[Mario Paint Composer]] (MPC)
* [[Mario Sequencer file]] (.msq)
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii AAAP]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii ADP]] (Nintendo Gamecube) (.adp)
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii AFC]] (Nintendo Gamecube)
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii AGSC]] (.agsc)
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii AMTS]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii ASN]] (Nintendo Gamecube)
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii ASR]] (Nintendo Wii)
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii AST]] (Nintendo Wii sound format)
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii BNS]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii BO2]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii BRSTM]] (Nintendo Wii streaming format)
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii CAPDSP]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii CFN]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii DDSP]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii DSP]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii GCA]] (Nintendo Wii)
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii GCM]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii GSP]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii HPS]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii IDSP]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii ISD]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii ISH]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii KRAW]] (Nintendo Wii)
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii LPS]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii MPDS]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii MPDSP]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii MSS]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii MUS]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii PDT]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii SDT]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii SMP]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii SNS]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii SPD]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii SPT]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii SSM]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii STM]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii STR]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii STS]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii SWD]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii THP]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii TYDSP]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii VJDSP]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii WAS]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii WSD]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii WSI]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii YDSP]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii YMF]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii ZWDSP]]
* [[SHI]] ([http://battleofthebits.org/lyceum/View/ShroomTool ShroomTool] Instrument, used for Mario Paint instruments)
* [[SHO]] (ShroomTool, used for Mario Paint sounds)

=== Sony ===

* [[ADS (PlayStation)]]
* [[ASS (PlayStation)]]
* [[AST (PlayStation)]]
* [[BG00 (PlayStation)]]
* [[BMDX (PlayStation)]]
* [[CCC (PlayStation)]]
* [[CNK (PlayStation)]]
* [[DXH (PlayStation)]]
* [[ENTH (PlayStation)]]
* [[FAG (PlayStation)]]
* [[FILP (PlayStation)]]
* [[FSB (PlayStation)]]
* [[GCM (PlayStation)]]
* [[GMS (PlayStation)]]
* [[HGC1 (PlayStation)]]
* [[I100 (PlayStation)]]
* [[I400 (PlayStation)]]
* [[I80 (PlayStation)]]
* [[IKM (PlayStation)]]
* [[ILD (PlayStation)]]
* [[IVB (PlayStation)]]
* [[JOE (PlayStation)]]
* [[KCES (PlayStation)]]
* [[KHV (PlayStation)]]
* [[LEG (PlayStation)]]
* [[MCG (PlayStation)]]
* [[MI4 (PlayStation)]]
* [[MIB (PlayStation)]]
* [[MIC (PlayStation)]]
* [[MIH (PlayStation)]]
* [[MIHB (PlayStation)]] (merged [[MIB|MIB (PlayStation)]] & [[MIH|MIH (PlayStation)]])
* [[MSA (PlayStation)]]
* [[MSVP (PlayStation)]]
* [[MUSC (PlayStation)]]
* [[NPSF (PlayStation)]]
* [[PNB (PlayStation)]]
* [[PSH (PlayStation)]]
* [[RKV (PlayStation)]]
* [[RND (PlayStation)]]
* [[RSTM (PlayStation)]]
* [[RWS (PlayStation)]]
* [[SFS (PlayStation)]]
* [[SIR (PlayStation)]]
* [[SL3 (PlayStation)]]
* [[SMPL (PlayStation)]]
* [[SND (PlayStation)]]
* [[SPU (PlayStation)]]
* [[STER (PlayStation)]]
* [[STH (PlayStation)]]
* [[STR (PlayStation)]]
* [[STS (PlayStation)]]
* [[SVAG (PlayStation)]]
* [[SVS (PlayStation)]]
* [[TEC (PlayStation)]]
* [[TK5 (PlayStation)]]
* [[VAS (PlayStation)]]
* [[VAG (PlayStation)]]
* [[VB2 (PlayStation & PS2)]]
* [[VGS (PlayStation)]]
* [[VIG (PlayStation)]]
* [[VPK (PlayStation)]]
* [[VS (PlayStation)]]
* [[VSF (PlayStation)]]
* [[WP2 (PlayStation)]]
* [[XA2 (PlayStation)]]
* [[XA30 (PlayStation)]]
* [[MI2 (PS2)]]

== Identifiers of musical works, recordings, artists, etc. ==
* [[International Standard Musical Work Code]] (ISWC)
* [[International Standard Recording Code]] (ISRC)
* [[MusicBrainz Identifier]]

== Karaoke ==
* [[CD+G]]
* [[UltraStar Karaoke]]

== Metadata formats and related data ==

* [[APE tag]]
* [[Argoknot]]
* Cue Sheet - See [[CUE and BIN]]
* [[ELAN Annotation Format]]
* [[Exif]]
* [[Zoom Project Settings]] (.hprj)
* [[ID3]]
* [[MDZ]] - strictly not itself a music format, but a metadata file for other music files used by Open Cubic Player. See http://www.cubic.org/player/doc/node72.htm
* [[Monkey's Audio metadata]] (.apl)
* [[Vorbis comment]]

== Music trackers ==
(For more on this subject, listen to [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v0nNuUKeh6o Jason Scott Talks His Way Out Of It: The Music Tracker Episode].)

* [[1tracker module]] (.1tm)
* [[AHX (Abyss)]] (Abyss Highest eXperience)
* [[Aley's Module]] (.alm)
* [[All Sound Tracker module]] (.ast)
* [[Amiga Module]] (.mod)
* [[AProSys module]] (.aps)
* [[Archimedes Tracker module]] (.musx)
* [[Arkos Tracker]] (.aks)
* [[Art of Noise module]] (.aon)
* [[ASC Sound Master module]] (.asc)
* [[B's Pro Tracker module]] (.bpm, .bps)
* [[Beepola song]] (.bbsong)
* [[BeRoTracker module]] (.br)
* [[BoyScout Tracker module]] (.bsf)
* Brian Postma SoundMon
** [[Brian Postma SoundMon v1.x module]] (.bp)
** [[Brian Postma SoundMon v2.x & v3.x module]] (.bp3)
** [[BS]]
* Buzzic
** [[Buzzic v1.x]] (.buz)
** [[Buzzic v2.0]] (.buz2)
* Chaos Music Composer
** [[CM3]] ([[CMC]] "3/4")
** [[CMC]] (Chaos Music Composer)
** [[CMR]] ([[CMC]] "Rzog")
** [[CMS]] (Stereo Double [[CMC]])
** [[DMC]] (Double ChaosMusicComposer)
* [[Chuck Biscuits/Black Artist module]] (.cba)
* [[Coconizer module]]
* [[Composer 669 module]] (.669)
* [[craptracker ii module]] (.ct2)
* [[Custom Amiga Module]] (.cus. .custom)
* CyberTracker
** [[CyberTracker instrument]] (.ci)
** [[CyberTracker module]] (.ct)
* [[DeliTracker custom]] (.cust)
* [[DeltaMusic module]] (.dta)
* Delta Music Composer
** [[Delta Music Composer module]] (.dlt)
** [[Delta Music 2.0 module]] (.dl2)
* [[Desktop Tracker module]] (.dtt)
* DigiBooster / DigiBooster PRO
** [[DigiBooster v1.x module]] (.digi)
** [[DigiBooster PRO v2.x / DigiBooster 3 module]] (.dbm)
* [[Digital Symphony module]] (.dsym)
* Digitrakker
** [[Digitrakker instrument]] (.ist)
** [[Digitrakker module]] (.mdl)
** [[Digitrakker sample]] (.spl)
* [[DigiTrekker module]] (.dtm)
* [[Digital Tracker module]] (.dtm)
* [[DisorderTracker 2 module]] (.plm)
* [[Dual Module Player DSMI]] (.amf)
* [[Eureka Packer module]] (.eu)
* [[Extended MOD]] (.emd)
* [[Extreme's Tracker module]] (.ams)
* [[FAC Soundtracker]] (MSX, extension unknown)
* [[Face The Music module]] (.ftm)
* Famitracker
** [[FamiTracker module]] (.ftm)
** [[FamiTracker instrument]] (.fti)
* Farandole Composer
** [[Farandole Form 2.0]] (.f2r)
** [[Farandole Composer module]] (.far)
** [[Farandole Composer pattern]] (.fpt)
** [[Farandole Composer sample]] (.fsm, .usm)
* [[Fashion Tracker module]] (.ex)
* FastTracker / FastTracker 2
** [[FastTracker module]] (.ft, .ftc)
** [[Extended instrument]] (.xi)
** [[Extended Module]] (.xm)
* [[FC-M Packer module]] (.fcm)
* [[Flash Tracker module]] (.fls)
* [[Flex Tracker module]] (.flx)
* [[Fuchs Tracker]] (.fchs)
* [[FunkTracker module]] (.fnk)
* Future Composer
** [[Future Composer v1.x module]] (.fc)
** [[Future Composer v1.3 module]] (.fc13)
** [[Future Composer v1.4 module]] (.fc14)
* Future Composer (BSI)
** [[Future Composer (BSI) module]]
* [[Fuzzac Packer module]] (.fuzz)
* [[General Digital Music module]] (.gdm)
* [[GoatTracker module]] (.sng)
* [[Grave Composer module]] (.wow)
* Graoumf Tracker
** [[Graoumf Tracker module]] (.gtk)
** [[Graoumf Tracker 2 module]] (.gt2)
* [[Global Tracker v1.x module]] (.gtr)
* [[HeatSeeker Module Cruncher v1.0]] (.crb)
* [[Hively Tracker module]] (.hvl)
* [[Ice Tracker module]]
* [[Imago Orpheus module]] (.imf)
* Impulse Tracker
** [[Impulse Tracker module]] (.it, .itbz, .itgz, .itr, .itz)
** [[Impulse Tracker sample]] (.its)
* [[JAMCracker Pro module]] (.jam)
* jacker-tracker
** [[Jacker song]]
* klystrack
** [[klystrack instrument]] (.ki)
** [[klystrack module]] (.kt)
* [[KRIS Packer / ChipTracker module]] (.kris)
* Liquid Tracker
** [[Liquid Digitized Sample]] (.lds)
** [[Liquid Tracker module]] (.liq)
* MadTracker 2
** [[MadTracker 2 envelope]] (.mte)
** [[MadTracker 2 extension]] (.mtx)
** [[MadTracker 2 instrument]] (.mti)
** [[MadTracker 2 module]] (.mt2)
** [[MadTracker 2 pattern]] (.mtp)
** [[MadTracker 2 sample]] (.mts)
* maxYMiser
** [[maxYMiser instrument]] (.myi)
** [[maxYMiser module]] (.snd)
* [[Megatracker module]] (.mgt)
* [[MO3]] (MP3 / Vorbis compressed module)
* [[MOD Edit sample]] (.sam)
* [[Module Protector + noID]] (.mp)
* Microdeal Quartet
** [[4V]]
* [[MONOTONE]] (.mon, .pit, .frq)
* Moonblaster (MSX)
** [[Moonblaster music]] (.mbm)
** [[Moonblaster sample kit]] (.mbk)
* [[Multi Track Module]] (.mtm)
* Muse Tracker / Pornotracker
** [[Musetracker / Pornotracker instrument]] (.poi)
** [[Musetracker / Pornotracker module]] (.pom)
* Music Pro Tracker
** [[Music Pro Tracker DoublePlay]] (.mpd)
** [[Music Pro Tracker module (MD1)]] (.md1)
** [[Music Pro Tracker module (MD2)]] (.md2)
** [[Music Pro Tracker module (MPT)]] (.mpt)
* [[The Music Studio|Music Studio, The]] (Activision / Audio Light) (.sng, .song, .mss, .snd, .sound)
* [[Nerdtracker II module]] (.ned)
* [[NesTracker module]] (.nest)
* NoisePacker
** [[NoisePacker 2.x]] (.np2)
** [[NoisePacker 3.x]] (.np3)
* [[NoiseTracker module]] (.mod)
* [[Noisetrekker module]] (.ntk)
* OctaMED
** [[OctaMED module (MED)]] (.med)
** [[OctaMED module (MMD1)]] (.mmd1)
** [[OctaMED v2.00 module]] (.med3)
** [[OctaMED v2.10 module (MED4)]] (.med4)
** [[OctaMED v2.10 module (MMD0)]] (.mmd0)
** [[OctaMED v5 module]] (.mmd2)
** [[OctaMED SS module]] (.mmd3)
** [[MED Packer]] (.mmdc)
* Oktalyzer
** [[Oktalyzer module]] (.okt, .okta)
* [[Onyx Music File]] (.omf)
* [[Open MODPlug Tracker module]] (.mptm)
* [[Oracle module]] (.orc)
* [[Pha Packer]] (.pha)
* PlayerPRO
** [[Extended PlayerPRO module]] (.madx)
** [[PlayerPRO module]] (.mad)
* [[Polly Tracker module]]
* [[Poly Tracker module]] (.ptm)
* [[Polytone]] (.pol)
* [[Pro Sound Creator v1.xx]] (.psc, ZX Spectrum)
* [[Pro Sound Maker]] (.psm)
* Pro Tracker
** [[Pro Tracker v1.xx module]] (.pt1)
** [[Pro Tracker v2.xx module]] (.pt2)
** [[Pro Tracker v3.xx module]] (.pt3)
* [[Pro Tracker (MSX)]] (MSX-Music, extension unknown)
* [[Pumatracker module]] (.puma)
* [[Quadra Composer module]] (.emod)
* [[RASTER Music Tracker module]] (.rmt)
* Real Tracker
** [[Real Tracker instrument]] (.rti)
** [[Real Tracker module]] (.rtm)
** [[Real Tracker sample]] (.rts)
* [[Renoise]]
** [[Renoise|Renoise song (XRNS)]] (.xrns)
** [[Renoise|Renoise instrument (XRNS)]] (.xrni)
** [[Renoise|Renoise effect chain (XRNT)]] (.xrnt)
** [[Renoise Song (NTK)]] (.ntk)
** [[Renoise Song (PTK)]] (.ptk)
** [[Renoise Song (RNS)]] (.rns)
* [[SBStudio module]] (.pac, .son, .sou)
* SCC Blaffer NT
** [[SCC Blaffer NT music]] (.sbm, MSX)
** [[SCC Blaffer NT instrument kit]] (.sbk)
* Scream Tracker
** [[Scream Tracker Music Interface Kit module]]
** [[Scream Tracker 1 & 2 module]] (.stm)
** [[Scream Tracker 3 Adlib module]] (.as3m)
** [[Scream Tracker 3 module]] (.s3m)
** [[Scream Tracker 3 / DigiTracker sample]] (.s31)
** [[Scream Tracker 3 / DigiTracker sample]] (.smp)
* [[SMUS]]
* [[SoundFX module]] (.sfx, .sfx2)
* Sound Tracker
** [[Soundtracker v2.6 / Ice Tracker module]] (.mtn)
** [[SoundTracker v2.6 module]] (.st26)
** [[Sound Tracker / Super Sonic module]] (.stc)
** [[Sound Tracker Pro module]] (.stp)
* [[SoundSmith module]] (.mtp)
* Soundtrakker
** [[Soundtrakker 128 instrument]] (.ins)
** [[Soundtrakker 128 module]] (.128)
** [[Soundtrakker v1.x instrument]] (.ins)
** [[Soundtrakker v1.x module]] (.sng)
* [[SQ-Tracker module]] (.sqt)
* [[Starkos Tracker module]] (.sks)
* [[StarTrekker / Star Tracker module]] (.mod, .nt, .flt4)
* [[SunVox module]] (.sunvox)
* TFMX
** [[TFMX pattern data]] (.mdat)
** [[TFMX 7V pattern data]] (.mdat)
** [[TFMX Pro pattern data]] (.mdat)
** [[TFMX sample data]] (.smpl)
* Theta Music Composer
** [[Theta Music Composer 8-channel stereo module]] (.tm8)
** [[Theta Music Composer v1.x module]] (.tmc)
** [[Theta Music Composer v2.x module]] (.tm2)
* [[Trackerpacker 3 module]] (.tp3)
* [[Unic Tracker 1.0]] (.unic1)
* [[Unic Tracker 2.0]] (.unic2)
* [[Ultra Tracker]] (.ult)
* [[Velvet_Studio]] (.ams)
* [[VIC-TRACKER module]] (.vt)
* [[Vortex Tracker module]] (.vtx)
* X-Tracker
** [[D-Lusion Music File]] (.dmf)
** [[D-Lusion Sound File]] (.dms)

== Musical instrument control ==

* [[ELECTONE]] - For Yamaha Electone Range Electronic Organs
** [[BOO]] - Part of the [[ELECTONE]] format.
** [[EVT]] - Part of the [[ELECTONE]] format.
* MIDI & Clones
** [[Compact MIDI]]
** [[GMD]] ([[MIDI]] clone)
** [[Gravis Ultrasound patch]] (used by MIDI synthesizers)
** [[HMI]] ([[MIDI]] clone)
** [[HMP]] ([[MIDI]] clone)
** [[HMZ]] (Compressed [[MIDI]])
** [[KAR]] ([[MIDI]] Audio)
** [[MIDI]] (Musical Instrument Digital Interface)
*** [[MIDI Instrument Definition File]]
** [[MIDS]] ([[MIDI]] clone)
** [[MIZ]] (Compressed [[MIDI]])
** [[MSS (MIDI)|MSS]] ([[MIDI]] Clone)
** [[RIFF MIDI]]
** [[RIFF MIDS]]
** [[Sample Vision]] (.smp)
** [[Scalable Polyphony MIDI]]
** [[SFARK]] (SoundFont archive compressed file)
** [[SoundFont 1.0]] (.sbk)
** [[SoundFont 2.0]] (.sf2)
** [[Synthetic Music Application Format]]
** [[XMI (Extended MIDI)]]
** [[ZIPI]] (proposed MIDI replacement)
* Hardware specific
** AdLib Sound Cards
*** [[AdLib instrument]] (.ins)
*** [[AdLib instrument bank]] (.bnk)
*** [[AdLib MSCplay]] (.msc)
*** [[AdLib music]] (.mus)
*** Adlib Tracker
**** [[Adlib Tracker instrument]] (.ins)
**** [[Adlib Tracker module]] (.sng)
**** [[Adlib Tracker II instrument]] (.a2i)
**** [[Adlib Tracker II instrument|Adlib Tracker II instrument with fm-register macro]] (.a2f)
**** [[Adlib Tracker II instrument bank]] (.a2b)
**** [[Adlib Tracker II instrument bank|Adlib Tracker II instrument bank with macros]] (.a2w)
**** [[Adlib Tracker II module]] (.a2m)
**** [[Adlib Tracker II pattern]] (.a2p)
**** [[Adlib Tracker II module|Adlib Tracker II tiny module]] (.a2t)
*** [[AdLib Visual Composer / Roland Synthesizer song]] (.rol)
*** AMusic
**** [[AMusic module]] (.amd)
**** [[AMusic XMS]] (.xms)
*** [[Beni Tracker module]] (.pis)
*** [[Bob's Adlib Music]] (.bam)
*** Boom Tracker v4.0
**** [[Boom Tracker v4.0 instrument]] (.cif)
**** [[Boom Tracker v4.0 module]] (.cff)
*** [[DeFy Adlib Tracker module]] (.dtm)
*** [[Digital FM module]] (.dfm)
*** [[Drum Traker module]] (.dtl)
*** [[EdLib packed module]] (.d00)
*** [[Exotic AdLib module]] (.xad)
*** [[Extra Simple Music]] (.xsm)
*** [[Faust Music Creator module]] (.sng)
*** [[FM Tracker module]] (.fmt)
*** FM-Kingtracker
**** [[FM-Kingtracker bank]] (.fib)
**** [[FM-Kingtracker instrument]] (.fin)
**** [[FM-Kingtracker module]] (.fmk)
*** HSC AdLib Composer / HSC-Tracker
**** [[HSC AdLib Composer / HSC-Tracker module]] (.hsc)
**** [[HSC AdLib Composer / HSC-Tracker packed module]] (.hsp)
*** [[JBM Adlib Music]] (.jbl)
*** JCH
**** [[JCH-D00]] (.d00)
**** [[JCH-D01]] (.d01)
*** [[Johannes Bjerregård module]] (.jbm)
*** [[Master Tracker module]] (.mtr)
*** [[MK-Jamz audio]] (.mkj)
*** [[Mlat Adlib Tracker module]] (.mad)
*** [[MPU-401 Trakker module]] (.mtk)
*** [[Palladix module]] (.plx)
*** [[RAW (Adlib)|RAW]] (AdLib Sound Card)
*** [[Reality AdLib Tracker module]] (.rad)
*** [[SNG Player module]] (.sng)
*** Surprise! Adlib Tracker
**** [[Surprise! AdLib Tracker v1, 5, 6 module]] (.sat)
**** [[Surprise! Adlib Tracker v2.0]] (.sa2)
*** [[Twin TrackPlayer module]] (.dmo)
*** [[Vibrants module]] (.vib)
*** [[XMS-Tracker module]] (.xms)
** Akai
*** [[Akai S-series MESA multi file]] (.mlt)
*** [[Akai S-series MESA I program]] (.prg)
*** [[Akai S-series MESA II program]] (.s3p)
** [[Codisk Audio File]]
** Creative Labs
*** [[Creative Music Format]] (.cmf)
*** [[Creative Voice File]]
*** [[Sound Blaster Instrument]] (.sbi)
** [[Disney Sound Source]]
** [[DOSBox Raw OPL]] (.dro)
** [[Downloadable Sounds Banks]] (.dls)
** [[Ensoniq Concert Wavetable]] (.ecw)
** Gravis Ultrasound
*** [[UltraSound GF1 patch]] (.pat)
** [[Instrument Bank]] (Instrument Bank)
** [[Software Music Synthesis System]] (for 8080/Z-80 systems with S-100 bus)
** [[TRS-80 Orchestra-90]] (.orc)
** [[Voice Sequence]] (.vsq)
** Yamaha sound chips
*** [[Callus OPL Register Log]] (YM2151, .cym)
*** [[GYM]] (YM2612 / Sega Genesis)
* Software Synthesizers
** [[Farbrausch BR404 music]] (.bmf)
** [[iZotope iDrum]] (.idrum)
** Native Instruments
*** [[Native Instruments Reaktor ensemble]] (.ens)
** Steinberg VST Presets
*** [[FXB]] (Bank of presets)
*** [[FXP]] (single preset)
* [[E-Seq]] Yamaha (.fil, .esq)

== Musical notation ==

* [[Drum tablature]]
* [[Guitar tablatures]]
** [[ASCII tab]] (.tab, .btab, .txt)
** [[Guitar Pro]] (.gtp)
*** [[Guitar Pro 3]] (.gp3)
*** [[Guitar Pro 4]] (.gp4)
*** [[Guitar Pro 5]] (.gp5)
*** [[Guitar Pro 6]] (.gp6)
** [[KGuitar]] (.kg)
** [[Power Tab]] (.ptb)
** [[Progression]]
** [[Rich MIDI Tablature Format]] (.rmtf)
** [[TablEdit]] (.tef)
** [[VexTab]]

* [[Musical notation]]
** [[ABC (musical notation)]]
** [[ANSI Music]]
** Capella
*** [[CAP]]
*** [[CapXML]] (.capx)
** [[ChordML]]
** [[ConcertWare]]
** Copyist
*** [[CP4]]
*** [[CP6]]
** [[Encore]] (.enc)
** [[Extended Notation Format]] (.enf)
** [[Extensible Music Notation Markup Language]]
** [[Finale]] (.etf, .mus, .musx)
** [[Forte]] (.fnf)
** Guido
*** [[GUIDO]]
*** [[GUIDO XML]]
** JMSL
*** [[JMSL]]
*** [[JMSL Score]]
** [[JScoreML]]
** [[LilyPond]]
** [[MEI]]
** [[MHTML]]
** [[MidiXML]]
** [[minimusic]]
** [[MPEG4-SMR]]
** [[Mup]]
** [[MuseScore]]
*** [[MSC]] -(old file format)
*** [[MSCX]] - [[XML file format]]
*** [[MSCZ]] - [[ZIP]] compressed [[MSCX]]
** [[Music Description Language]]
** [[Music Markup Language]]
** [[Music Time]] (.mus)
** [[Music Time Pro]] (.mts)
** [[Musical Notation Markup Language]]
** [[MusicML]]
** [[MusicWrite]] (.mwk)
** [[MusicXML]]
** [[MusicXML compressed]] (.mxl)
** [[Musink]] (.musink)
** [[MusiqueXML]]
** [[MusiXML]]
** [[Myriad Software]] (.msf)
** [[NeumesXML]]
** [[Neuratron Photoscore Format]] (.opt)
** [[Notation Interchange File Format]]
** [[NoteAbility Pro]]
** [[Noteworthy Composer and Music Publisher]] (.nwc)
** [[NoteWriter]]
** [[Notion]]
** [[NtEd]]
** [[Overture]] (.ove)
** [[PriMus]]
** [[Rhapsody Notation Program File]] (.rhp)
** [[Rhapsody 2/3]] (RISC OS. Unrelated to the above "Rhapsody Notation Program File")
** [[Rhapsody 4]] (RISC OS, .c00)
** [[Rosegarden]] (.rg)
** [[QuickScore Elite]] (.qsd)
** [[SCORE]] (.mus)
** [[Score Perfect]] (.spp)
** [[ScoreML]]
** [[ScoreWriter]] (.scw)
** [[Sibelius]]
** [[SMDL]]
** [[SongWrite]]
** [[Studio Session Song]] (.sss)
** [[Theta]]
** [[Tilia]]
** [[VexTab]]
** [[Virtual Musician Markup Language]]
** [[WEDELMUSIC]]
** [[XMF]]
** [[XMusic]]
** [[XScore]] (eXtensible Score Language)

== Playlists, music libraries, music store downloaders ==

* [[Amazon downloader file]] (.amz)
* [[B4S]] (Winamp 3 playlist)
* [[FPL]] (foobar2000 playlist)
* [[iTunes Music Library]]
* [[Kapsule]] (Kazaa XML Manifest)
* [[KPL]] (Kazaa Playlist Format)
* [[M3U]] (Multimedia Playlist Format)
* [[MAGMA]] ([[Magnet URI]])
* [[MOD4WIN Module List]] (.mol)
* [[MusicBee Library]] (.mbl)
* [[PLS]] (Multimedia Playlist)
* [[RAM (RealAudio)]]
* [[SMIL]] (W3C open standard)
* [[Windows Media Metafile]] (.asx, .wax, .wxv)
* [[Windows Media Playlist]] (.wpl)
* [[XML Sharable Playlist]]

== Programming languages and APIs (audio/music-specific) ==

* [[ChucK]] (.ck)
* [[Csound]] (.csd, .orc, .sco)
* Cycling 74 [[Max]] (.maxpat, .max)
* [[FAUST]] (.dsp)
* [[Music Macro Language]]
* Native Instruments [[Reaktor]] (.rkplr)
* [[Pure Data]] (.pd)
* [[Scala (music software)]] (.kbm, .scl, .cmd)
* [[SuperCollider]] (.scd, .sc)
* [[WaveGL]]
* [[Web Audio API]]

== Ringtones ==

* [[i Melody]]
* [[M4R]] (Apple iPhone Ringtones - see [[M4A]])
* [[Polyphonic ringtone]]
* [[RTTTL]]

== Signal processing ==

These aren't specific file formats, but generic mathematical methods used by other file formats.

* [[A-law]]
* [[ADPCM]]
* [[DPCM]]
* [[LPCM]]
* [[Pulse code modulation]]
* [[µ-law]] (u-law)

== Sound card related formats ==

* [[CMS (Creative Music System)]]

== Speech synthesis ==

* [[Microsoft TTS voice data]] (.vce, .spd)
* [[Microsoft TTS voice definition]] (.cfg, .sdf)
* [[Speech Synthesis Markup Language]] (SSML)
* [[TextGrid]]
* [[VoiceDescription]] (OS X)

== Unclassified (need to move to other categories) ==

* [[ACM]] (Audio Compression Manager)
* [[ADM]] (ADM Audio File)
* [[Audfprint fingerprint file]] (.afpk)
* [[AVR]]
* [[B1S]]
* [[BDSP]] (BotDetect Sound Package)
* [[BVG]]
* [[CBD2]]
* CLF
** [[Common Loudspeaker Format]]
** [[Common Instrument Format]]
* [[DeskMate Music]] (.sng)
* [[DeskMate Sound]] (.snd)
* [[DSM]] (DSIK Internal)
* [[DSPW]]
* [[DTK]]
* [[EUPHONY]] (FM Towns computer system)
* [[FFW]]
* [[First Rate Music Hall]] (.pck, MSX-Music song editor using [[Music Macro Language]])
* [[GBTS]]
* [[GCUB]]
* [[GSB]]
* [[HLWAV]]
* [[IAB]]
* [[IADP]]
* [[INT]] (RAW File)
* [[ISWS]]
* [[JSTM]]
* [[KOVS]]
* [[MA]] (Music Assembler)
* [[MNSTR]]
* [[MSF]]
* [[MT9]]
* [[MTAF]]
* [[Photo CD Audio]]
* [[S98]] (NEC PC-98)
* [[SD]] (ESPS sampled data file)
* [[SGI (Sound Generator)|SGI]] (Sound Generator 3.0 instrument)
* [[SNG (SCC Musixx)|SNG]] (SCC Musixx)
* [[Sound Effect Editor]] (.see, MSX)
* [[SoundHelix XML]]
* [[TFMX]] (TFMX)
* [[Vivaldi]] (RISC OS)
* [[Zsound Music]]

See the Open Cubic Player homepage for a list of demo formats: http://www.cubic.org/player/features.html

See also [[Piano Rolls]] (which is under the [[Physical File Formats]]).

== Links ==
* [http://boingboing.net/2013/09/20/kickstarting-free-open-record.html Kickstarting free, open recordings of Bach's "Well-Tempered Clavier, Book 1"]
* [http://mpc-hc.org/ MPC-HC: media player for Windows handling just about all video/audio formats]
* [http://boingboing.net/2013/09/27/david-byrnes-how-music-wor.html How Music Works]
* [http://www.textfiles.com/programming/FORMATS/admusfmt.pro Some discussion of "advanced music formats" from 1994]
* [http://www.textfiles.com/programming/FORMATS/audiof23.txt FAQ on audio file formats (1992-07-09)]
* [http://boingboing.net/2013/11/03/this-must-be-the-8-bit-place.html Chiptune version of Talking Heads song]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Z2vU8M6CYI Beatles 3000: humorous video of how the future might misunderstand 20th century pop culture if artifacts decay as happened in the past]
* [http://publicdomainreview.tumblr.com/post/76437123224/chaoscontrolled123-luke-and-i-were-looking-at The Music Written on This Dude's Butt]
* [http://vimeo.com/58200103 "Eye of the tiger" played on a modified dot matrix printer]
* [http://chipflip.wordpress.com/2014/03/09/a-short-history-of-hardcore-chipmusic/ A Short History of Hardcore Chipmusic]
* [https://medium.com/message/you-need-to-hear-this-extremely-rare-recording-27619411e077 You Need to Hear This Extremely Rare Recording]
* [http://www.loc.gov/preservation/resources/rfs/audio.html Library of Congress Recommended Format Specifications: Audio Works]
* [http://betaboston.com/news/2014/07/17/in-a-bid-for-more-emotional-snacking-frito-lay-patents-culinary-theme-songs/ In a bid for more emotional snacking, Frito-Lay patents culinary theme songs]
* [http://www.theverge.com/2014/8/4/5968243/mit-turns-recorded-vibrations-back-into-speech-and-music Scientists reconstruct speech through soundproof glass by watching a bag of potato chips]
* [http://www.palmbeachpost.com/ap/ap/business/apple-releases-tool-to-remove-free-u2-album/nhNG9/ Apple releases tool to remove free U2 album] (which they gave you whether you wanted it or not)
* [https://github.com/AyrA/ExcelPlayer Excel sheet that plays video and audio]
* [http://webaudio.github.io/web-audio-api/ Web Audio API (W3C)]
* [http://www.wonderingsound.com/feature/why-collecting-music-matters/ Why Collecting Matters: Citizen Archivists and the Battle for Future Pasts]
* [http://mediaarea.net/en/MediaInfo MediaInfo: software that shows metadata for audio/video files]
* [http://www.bl.uk/projects/save-our-sounds Save our Sounds]
* [http://www.davidsystems.com/#tools David Systems tools: includes online loudness analysis of sound files]
* [http://createdigitalmusic.com/2015/07/next-web-standard-music-notation/ The next Web standard could be music notation]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q_3d1x2VPxk How Oldschool Sound/Music worked] (video)
* [http://www.crutchfield.com/S-ulligiNLBZf/learn/learningcenter/home/hometheater_surround.html Understanding surround sound formats]
* [http://www.righto.com/2017/04/reverse-engineering-76477-space.html Reverse engineering the 76477 "Space Invaders" sound effect chip from die photos]

[[Category:Audio and Music| ]]

AMusic module

2022-10-27T22:48:09Z

Ljcool2006: fix outdated link

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Audio and Music
|extensions={{ext|amd}}
}}

== Description ==
'''.amd''' files are modules produced by AMusic, an Adlib tracker for [[MS-DOS]]

== Information ==
* [ftp://ftp.modland.com/pub/documents/format_documentation/AMusic%20(.amd).txt Adlib-MOD-Format]

== Software ==
* [ftp://ftp.modland.com/pub/software/trackers/DOS/Amusic/ AMusic]
* [http://adplug.github.io/ AdPlug / AdPlay]

== Sample files ==
* [ftp://ftp.modland.com/pub/modules/Ad%20Lib/AMusic/ Example .amd files]
* https://telparia.com/fileFormatSamples/music/amusicTracker/

Access

2021-08-24T23:32:58Z

Ljcool2006:

{{FormatInfo
| formattype=electronic
| subcat=Databases
| extensions={{ext|mdb}}, {{ext|mde}}, {{ext|accdb}}, {{ext|accde}}
| pronom={{PRONOM|x-fmt/66}}, {{PRONOM|x-fmt/238}}, {{PRONOM|x-fmt/239}}, {{PRONOM|x-fmt/240}}, {{PRONOM|x-fmt/241}}, {{PRONOM|x-fmt/275}}
|locfdd={{LoCFDD|fdd000462}}, {{LoCFDD|fdd000463}}
|wikidata={{wikidata|Q1931564}}
| released=1992
}}

'''Access''' released by '''Microsoft''' also known as '''Jet DB''' is a standalone database that forms part of the [[Microsoft Office]] Suite of productivity tools. It was first released in 1992.

Access databases are composed of multiple page types. The length of these pages depends on the version of the Jet Database employed by the specific version of Microsoft Access. The first page of Access 95/97 and Access 2000/2003 databases is always a '''Database Definition Page'''.

== Microsoft Access 95/97 - Jet 3 Database ==

Microsoft Access 95/97 utilizes the Jet3 database engine. The page size of the Jet3 database engine is '''2048''' bytes.

== Microsoft Access 2000/2002 - Jet 4 Database ==

Microsoft Access 2000/2003 utilizes the Jet 4 database engine. The page size of the Jet4 database engine is '''4096''' bytes.

== Microsoft Access 2007 - Jet ACE Database ==

Microsoft Access 2007+ utilizes the Jet ACE (Access database engine).<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Jet_Database_Engine</ref>

== Additional Formats ==
Microsoft Access has additional formats and extensions.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Access#File_extensions</ref> One being the MDE format which is a "special extension of the standard Microsoft Access MDB format, and is used to distribute an application."<ref>https://www.loc.gov/preservation/digital/formats/fdd/fdd000462.shtml#notes</ref> An MDE is a compiled read-only format used to distribute databases which cannot be edited. MDE format was replaced with the ACCDE format with Access 2007.

Another being the Snapshot report ([[SNP]]) format.

== Internal structure of the format ==

The Jet DB version can be found in the file header by reading the 4 byte little-endian integer at offset 0x13. Jet3 databases have a value of 0. Jet 4 databases have a value of 1.

The version and build number of Microsoft Access used to create the file is stored in the format. These two values are stored within a [http://jabakobob.net/mdb/data-page.html LVAL Data Page] and deeper into that structure a [http://jabakobob.net/mdb/lvprop.html LvProp column] - part of the MSysObjects table. It is possible to extract this information from here alone, the complete MSysObject table definition is always the second page of the database (zero-based index).

The block of data at offset 0x18 running for 126 bytes (Jet 3) and 128+ bytes (Jet 4) represents [[RC4]] encrypted data. It is thought this uses the key: '''0x6b39dac7'''.

== Database Password ==

'''Note:''' ''The information under this section should only be used by owners and custodians of databases where the password has been misplaced or lost and not for any illegal or illegitimate premises.''
<br/><br/>
Among other techniques Jet Databases employ a simple database password. The password field is '''0x42''' bytes into the file. Jet 3 database password fields are '''20 bytes''' in length, Jet 4 are '''40 bytes''' in length.
<br/><br/>
'''Jet 3 Password'''

[[Exclusive Or|XOR-ing]] the byte string running from 0x42 to 0x56 in a non-password protected database with that of a password protected database will reveal the password in plain text.

Studying the Maxsoft tool under [http://fileformats.archiveteam.org/wiki/Access#Password_Tools Password Tools] will help users to understand how Access databases are protected.
<br/><br/>
'''Jet 4 Password'''

The Jet 4 password can be revealed similarly by [[Exclusive Or|XOR-ing]] the byte string running from 0x42 to 0x68. If after the XOR operation if you haven't an ASCII character, that is, you have a value greater than 0xFF you need to XOR that value again with a further key value (byte) at offset 0x54.

Studying the Maxsoft tool under [http://fileformats.archiveteam.org/wiki/Access#Password_Tools Password Tools] will help users to understand how Access databases are protected.

== Jet DB and Access Build Numbers ==

The following table shows that the version of the Jet Database '''format''' remained fairly consistent between versions of Access:

Client Application Jet Engine Used Recommended Jet DB Format
------------------------- --------------- -------------------------
Access 2.0 Jet 2.0 Jet 2.0
Access 95 Jet 3.0 Jet 3.0
Access 97 Jet 3.5 Jet 3.0
Access 2000 Jet 4.0 Jet 4.0
Access 2002 Jet 4.0 Jet 4.0
Access 2007 ACE 12
Access 2010 ACE 14
Access 2013 ACE 15
Access 2016 ACE 16

The controller used to read and write the format by Access versions did change. The version of Access and its build number can help us to understand the version of the DLL used to interact with the format. The version and build number is embedded in the MDB objects (as described as part of its internal structure above) so can be easily extracted. Build numbers and DLL versions are described below ([http://support.microsoft.com/kb/248710 KB Article 248710] and [http://support.microsoft.com/kb/255275 KB Article 255275] and [http://support.microsoft.com/kb/291331 KB Article 291331]):

Version File Version Patches
-------------- ------------ -------
Access 95 7.0 Unknown
Access 97 8.0.3512 n/a
Access 97 SR-1 8.0.4122 n/a
Access 97 SR-2 8.0.5903 SR-1
Access 2000 9.0.2720
Access 2000 9.0.3821 SR-1
Access 2000 9.0.4402 SR-1
Access 2000 9.0.6926 SP-3
Access 2002 10.0.2627.1
Access 2002 10.0.3409.0 SP-1
Access 2002 10.0.4302.0 SP-2
Access 2002 10.0.6501.0 SP-3

Access Version linked with MSJet35.dll ([http://support.microsoft.com/kb/248710 KB Article 248710]):

Version DLL Version
------- -----------
Access 97 3.50.3428.0
Access 97 SR-1 3.50.3907.5
Access 97 SR-2 and Jet35Upd.exe (3rd rel) 3.51.2026.0

The following table from [http://web.archive.org/web/20111115230803/http://support.microsoft.com/kb/178880 KB Article 178880] describes backward compatibility between Jet DB engines and MDB version:

----------------------------------------------
Jet Version 1.0 1.1 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
----------------------------------------------
MDB Version
-----------
1.0 Y Y Y Y Y Y
1.1 N Y Y Y Y Y
2.0 N N Y Y Y Y
3.0 N N N N Y Y

'''Note:''' See the [http://web.archive.org/web/20111115230803/http://support.microsoft.com/kb/178880 KB Article] for information on all DLL updates.

== Specifications ==

A formal specification from Microsoft has not been made available. The following links are attempts by third parties to reverse engineer and document the format:

* [https://github.com/brianb/mdbtools/blob/master/HACKING Reverse engineered documentation used by mdbtools on GitHub]

* [http://jabakobob.net/mdb/ Further documentation built on top of mdbtools' work]

== Sample Files ==

* [http://office.microsoft.com/en-ca/templates/results.aspx?qu=access&queryid=64492973-33dd-48c8-a228-6ffdf681fad6&avg=zac Microsoft.com: Sample Database Templates]

* [http://www.utterangel.com/UtterAngel/utterangel.aspx?cat=acc utterangel.com: Sample Access Databases and Applications]

* [https://isda.ncsa.uiuc.edu/NARA/CSR/php/search/formats.php?&cInput=mdb&srg=1&cName=default_extension&fid=866&fd=1&asc=1&num1=1 Conversion Software Registry: Sample Access Databases]

== General Tools ==

* [https://github.com/brianb/mdbtools Brian Bruns GutHub.com mdbtools]
* [https://github.com/exponential-decay/MDBValidator MDBValidator: Tool to read and output the statistics of a Microsoft Access Database]

== Password Tools ==

* [https://github.com/Planet-Source-Code/hamza-chohan-access-database-password-viewer__1-73390 Planet Source Code (via GitHub) - Access Database Password Viewer]
* [https://github.com/Planet-Source-Code/rashid-w-haddadin-maxsoft-access-password-recovery__1-72736 Planet Source Code (via GitHub) - Maxsoft Access Password Recovery]

== References ==

* [[Wikipedia:Microsoft_Access]]
* [https://github.com/brianb/mdbtools/blob/master/HACKING Reverse engineered documentation used by mdbtools on GitHub]
* [http://jabakobob.net/mdb/first-page.html Database definition and encryption key documentation]
* [http://www.everythingaccess.com/tutorials.asp?ID=Jet-MDB-security---under-the-hood EverythingAccess.com Jet MDB Security - Under The Hood]
<references/>

== See Also ==

* [[Wikipedia:Microsoft_Jet_Database_Engine]]
* [http://allenbrowne.com/ser-53.html Developer resource discussing DLL versions and sample code to retrieve Access version]
* [http://www.techadre.com/content/microsoft-office-version-numbers-xp-2003-2007-2010 Site collating version and build numbers from XP through to 2010]
* [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/JET_Database/Manipulation_tools Wikibooks Jet Database/Manipulation tools]
* [http://webcheatsheet.com/SQL/access_specification.php WebCheatSheet.com Microsoft Access Specifications and Limitations]
* [http://www.pcwelt.de/ratgeber/Geknackt-Microsoft-Money-99-504470.html PC Welt Germany discussing vulnerabilities in Microsoft Money 99 which is built on Jet DB 3.0]
* [http://tutorialsto.com/view/printview-3771.html MDB Password View Tutorial]
* [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/pronom/_fz-eP0ge9o PRONOM Google Group Discussion about the distinction between Access versions in the PRONOM registry]
* [http://www.textfiles.com/programming/FORMATS/q88173.txt ODBC Setup for Access and SQL Server]
* [https://medium.com/young-coder/microsoft-access-the-zombie-database-software-that-wont-die-5b09e389c166 Microsoft Access: The Database Software That Won’t Die]

[[Category:Microsoft]]