Just Solve the File Format Problem - User contributions [en]

Archiving

2026-04-21T14:00:39Z

Jsummers: /* Program/App/Applet/Installer specialized archive formats */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|thiscat=Archiving
|image=Magazine-files.jpg
}}
(Lossless, for generic data + file archives)

== Archiving only ==
(many files => 1 file, no compression attempted)

* [[AR]] file format (.a, .lib) -- Unix Archiver (ar) format as used by various compilers/linkers
* [[ARC (Internet Archive)]] (.arc)
* [[BagIt]]
** [[Mailbag]]
* [[BAR (Age of Mythology)]]
* [[bar]] (SunOS 4)
* [[CAR (CarComp)]]
* [[cpio]] (.cpio)
* [[DPK]]
* [[FAR (The Sims)]] (.far)
* [[Flash (Micro TECH Systems)]] (.flh)
* [[GRP (Build Engine Group Archive)]] (.grp)
* [[Hamster archive]]
* [[HMM Packfile]]
* [[HRX]]
* [[LBR]] (.lbr)
* [[LBR (Commodore)]] (.lbr)
* [[Lynx archive]] (Commodore) (.lnx)
* [[Mozilla Archive]] (.mar)
* [[Packaged Activity]] (.apk)
* [[PACKFILE (Brad Smith)]]
* [[pax]]
* [[QFC]]
* [[Quake PAK]]
* [[SAVF]]
* [[SeqBox]] (.sbx)
* [[siva]] (.siva)
* [[Tape Archive]] (.tar)
* [[TPAC (Tim Gordon)]]
* [[VIV]] (.viv, .big; used in Electronic Arts games)
* [[Webarchive (Safari)]]
* [[XMIT]]

=== Text-based ===
* [[HRA]]
* [[HRX]]

== Compression + archiving ==
(Multiple files => 1 file, makes it smaller. See [[Compression]] for formats that compress single files/streams, and [[Disk Image Formats]] for formats that capture the low-level structure of a disk)

* [[4Q]] (.4q)
* [[777]]
* [[7z]] (.7z)
* [[ACB (compressed archive)|ACB]]
* [[ACE]] (.ace)
* [[afio]]
* [[Ai Archiver]] (.ai)
* [[AIN]] (.ain)
* [[AKT]]
* [[ALZ]] (.alz) (ALZip)
* [[AMG (compressed archive)|AMG]] (AMGC)
* [[ar (Haruhiko Okumura)]]
* [[Apple Archive]] (.aar)[https://developer.apple.com/documentation/applearchive]
* [[Apple Encrypted Archive]] (.aea)[https://developer.apple.com/documentation/applearchive#3761312]
* [[AR7]]
* [[ARC (compression format)|ARC]] (PC/MS-DOS) (.arc)
* [[ARC (Commodore)]] (.arc)
* [[ARC (FreeArc)]] (.arc)
* [[ARC (Internet Archive)]] (gzipped form: .arc.gz)
* [[ArcFS]] (RISC OS) (.arc)
* [[ArcMac]]
* [[ARG]]
* [[ARHANGEL]]
* [[ARI (compressed archive)|ARI]]
* [[ARJ]]
* [[ARJZ]]
* [[ARQ]]
* [[ARX]]
* [[ASD Archiver]]
* [[Astrotite]] (.afa)
* [[B1]]
* [[B6Z]] (.b6z)
* [[BGA Archive]] (.bza, .gza)
* [[BIX]]
* [[BlakHole]] (.bh)
* [[BLINK]] (.bli)
* [[BOA Constrictor Archiver]]
* [[BRU]] - (RSX-11M backup)
* [[BSArc and BSA]]
* [[BTSPK]]
* [[Cabinet]] (.cab)
* [[CAR (SAP)|CAR]] (a SAP archive format; also see [[SAR]])
* [[CAR (MylesHi!)]]
* [[CAZIPXP]] (.caz)
* [[CFL]] (Compressed file library) (.cfl)
* [[ChArc]] (.chz)
* [[ChiefLZ]] (LZA)
* [[CMZ (archive format)|CMZ]]
* [[CODEC (Telvox)]]
* [[Compact File Set]] (.cfs)
* [[Compact Pro]] (.cpt)
* [[Compressia]] (.car)
* [[The Compressor (John Lauro)|Compressor, The (John Lauro)]]
* [[CP Shrink]] (.cpz)
* [[CRUSH]]
* [[Disk Archiver]] (.dar)
* [[DGCA]] (.dgc)
* [[Diamond]]
* [[Doom WAD]] (.wad)
* [[DRY]]
* [[DWC]] (.dwc)
* [[Dzip]] (.dz)
* [[Eazel]] (.eaz)
* [[EGG (ALZip)]] (.egg)
* [[ELI 5750]]
* [[ERI (compressed archive)|ERI]]
* [[ESP (compressed archive)|ESP]]
* [[Fold (J. Turin)]]
* [[FOXSQZ]]
* [[Freeze!]]
* [[GCA]] (.gca)
* [[Genus Graphics Library]]
* [[GFSA]] (.fa)
* [[Greenleaf ArchiveLib]]
* [[Gwtar]] (.gwtar.html)
* [[HA]] (.ha)
* [[HAP]]
* [[HIT (compressed archive)|HIT]]
* [[HKI]] (WinHKI) (.hki)
* [[HPACK (compressed archive)|HPACK]] (.hpk)
* [[HUF (CP/M)]]
* [[Hyper archive]] (.hyp)
* [[ICE (ICEOWS)]] (.ice)
* [[IMP]] (.imp)
* [[JAR (ARJ Software)]] (.j)
* [[JARCS]] (.jar)
* [[JPK1 (compressed archive)|JPK1]]
* [[JRchive]] (.jrc)
* [[KGB Archiver]] (.kgb)
* [[Konqueror web archive]] (.war)
* [[LArc]] (.lzs)
* [[LHA]] (.lzh, .lha)
* [[LHARK]]
* [[LHice]]
* [[LIMIT]] (.lim)
* [[LZX]] (.lzx)
* [[MAFF]] (Mozilla web archive; uses ZIP for compression)
* [[MAr (Melting-Pot)]]
* [[MDCD]] (.md)
* [[Micrognosis Compression Archiver]] (MAR)
* [[MPC (Marco Czudej)]] (.mp3)
* [[MSXiE]] (.xie)
* [[MZP]]
* [[NaShrinK]] (.nsk)
* [[Now Compress]]
* [[NuFX]] / ShrinkIt (.shk)
* [[OOP]]
* [[oPAQue]]
* [[PA (PowerArchiver)]]
* [[packARC]] (.pja)
* [[Packdir]] (RISC OS)
* [[PACKER (ImagiSOFT)‎]] (The Finishing Touch)
* [[PackIt]] (.pit)
* [[PAK]] (.pak) - various formats
* [[PAK (ARC extension)]]
* [[PAKLEO]]
* [[PAQ]] (.pa6, .pa7, .pa8, others)
* [[PAQJ]] (.qar)
* [[PC-Shrink]] (.shr)
* [[PCX Library]] (.pcl)
* [[PEA]] (PeaZIP) (.pea)
* [[PerfectCompress]] (.uca)
* [[PIM]] (.pim)
* [[PKARC/PKPAK]]
* [[PLA]] (ARCHICAD Archive) (.pla)
* [[PMA]] (.pma)
* [[PPMd]]
* [[Pretty Simple Archiver]] (.psa)
* [[PUT]] (MicroFox) (.put)
* [[Quadruple D Archiver]] (.qda)
* [[Quantum compressed archive]] (.q)
* [[QuARK]] (.ark)
* [[RAR]] (.rar)
* [[RARC (Nintendo)]]
* [[RAX (compressed archive)|RAX]]
* [[RK]] (WinRK)
* [[RKIVE]] (.rkv)
* [[S7z]] (.s7z)
* [[SAR]] (a SAP archive format; also see [[CAR (SAP)|CAR]])
* [[SAR (Streamline Design)]]
* [[SARJ]] (.srj)
* [[SBX (SpinnerBaker Software)]] (.sb)
* [[Scifer]] (.sen, .ba, .xml)
* [[SKY (compressed archive)|SKY]]
* [[Slim!]]
* [[SOF (Spectrum Software)]] (RESOF)
* [[Softlib]] (Softdisk Publishing) (.slb)
* [[Spark]] (.spk)
* [[SQLite Archive]] (SQLAR)
* [[Squash ARH|Squash]] (.arh)
* [[Squeeze It]] (.sqz)
* [[SQWEZ]] 2.x (.sqz)
* [[SQX]] (.sqx)
* [[StuffIt]] (.sit)
* [[StuffIt X]] (.sitx)
* [[SuperPack]] (.spa)
* [[TBAFS]] (RISC OS)
* [[Tome]]
* [[TPK (compressed archive)|TPK]]
* [[TSComp]]
* [[UFA]]
* [[UHARC]] (.uha)
* [[UltraCompressor II]] (.uc, .uc0, .uc2, .ucn, .ur2, .ue2)
* [[VEM]] (Sony Virtual Expander)
* [[WARC]] (.warc, .warc.gz)
** [[WACZ]] (packaged warc)
* [[X (X1)]] (.x)
* [[xar (Extensible Archive)]] (.xar)
* [[Xidie archive]] (.zxc)
* [[XP3]] (.xp3) - used in [[KiriKiri Adventure Game System]]
* [[xpa32]] (.xpa)
* [[XPACK archive]] (.xpa)
* [[YAC]] (.yc)
* [[Yamazaki zipper archive]] (.yz1) - used in DeepFreezer
* [[ZAR (Zip-Archiv)]]
* [[Zet]]
* [[ZIP]] (.zip)
* [[Zipx]] (.zipx)
* [[Zoo]] (.zoo)
* [[ZPack (LeadRDRK)]]
* ZPack [Lite] (.zpk) - See [[Z/Install]]
* [[ZPAQ]]
* [[Zzip]] (.zz)

== Diff files ==
(containing only the parts of a file that have changed, so they can be applied to an existing file to update it; used for update distribution and incremental backups)

* [[ACB (compressed archive)|ACB]]
* [[binpatch (Jaap Korthals Altes)]]
* [[BinPatch (Kay Hayen)]]
* [[bsdiff]]
* [[Courgette]]
* [[diff]]
* [[dirpatch]]
* [[FidoNet nodediff]]
* [[FXPF]]
* [[GDIFF]]
* [[IPS (binary patch format)]]
* [[JSON Patch]]
* [[LDArc and LDIFF]] (.lzd)
* [[rename helper]]
* [[RTPatch]]
* [[SmartVersion]] (.svf)
* [[Unified diff]]
* [[UPS (binary patch format)]]
* [[VCDIFF]]

See also [[Wikipedia:Data differencing]].

== Versioning files ==
(contains multiple versions of files, often just saving the differences to save space)

(often a filesystem-level capability, such as ZFS and Btrfs snapshots and Windows Shadow Copy)

* [[Autodesk Vault]]
* [[SmartVersion]] (.svf)

See also [[Development#Revision_control_systems_.2F_code_repositories|Revision control systems / code repositories]]

== Encrypted or cryptographically signed archives ==
* [[DataSAFE]] (.saf, .lbx)
* [[SDN (SDN Project)]]
* [[XIP]]
* [[ZED]]

== File splitting ==
(1 file => multiple files. Most file splitting utilities just produce raw file fragments, and don't have a native file format. But some use a container format, and some create a separate "control" file for metadata.)

* [[AS/ZC (Zip Chunker)]]
* [[AUTOCHOP]]
* [[LambChop]]
* [[SLICE (Ziff Communications)]]
* [[SPLIT (M. Dingacci)]]

Also, the two sorts of [[Horcrux]], [[Horcrux (jesseduffield)]] and [[Horcrux (kndyry)]], are split-and-encrypted files.

== Filesystem backup and restoration ==
Formats designed for backing up disks, usually specifically targeted at particular [[filesystem]]s (but backing it up in the form of file structures, not raw sector images like [[Disk Image Formats]]).
* [[BACKUP (MS-DOS)]]
* [[Partimage]]
* [[ufsdump]]
* [[Unix dump]]
* [[Windows Imaging Format]] (.wim, .swm)

See also [[Backup]].

== Fake archiving ==
Beware of these; they purport to be archivers but aren't really; you might lose any data you entrust to them. Could be somebody's idea of humor or malware.
* [[OWS (fake compressed archive)]]
* [[WIC (fake compressed archive)]]

== Institutional archiving ==
* [[ARK]] (identifier for archived documents)
* [[Archive eXchange Format]] (.axf)
* [[OAIS]] (Open Archival Information System, an organization that does archiving)
* [[Planets Core Registry]]
* [[PRONOM]]
** [[PUID]]
* [[SIRF]] (Self-Contained Information Retention Format)
* [[Submission Information Package]]
* [[UPF]] (Universal Preservation Format)

== Metadata formats ==
* [[Archive Team hostname file]]
* [[CDX]] (associated with web archives)
* [[DFDL]] (Data Format Description Language) - a file format for describing file formats
* [[FilmConservationMetadata]]
* [[Internet Archive metadata]]
* [[mtree]]
* [[Portland Common Data Model]]
* [[TOSEC Naming Convention]]
* [[Web Archive Metadata File]] (metadata for [[WARC]])

(see also [[Metadata]], [[Bibliographic data]])

== Program/App/Applet/Installer specialized archive formats ==
* [[Adobe Air]]
* [[APK]] (Android app)
** [[XAPK]]
*** [[OBB]]
* [[Bundle file (Linux)]]
* [[Bundle file (OS X)]]
* [[Cabal]]
* [[Cakewalk Bundle (BUN)]]
* [[Cakewalk Bundle (CWB)]]
* [[CompuShow installer format]]
* [[Cross-Platform Installer Module]]
* [[deb]] (Debian package)
* [[EA archive]]
* [[Eschalon Setup archive]] (.arv)
* [[FIZ]]
* [[Garc archive]] (.gar)
* [[IPS archive|Image Packaging System (IPS) archive]] (.p5p)
* [[IPS manifest|Image Packaging System (IPS) manifest]] (.p5m)
* [[Inno Setup self-extracting archive]]
* [[Installer VISE]]
* [[InstallShield]]
** [[InstallShield archive (IBT)]]
** [[InstallShield CAB]]
** [[InstallShield installer archive]]
** [[InstallShield PKG]]
** [[InstallShield Self-Extracting EXE]]
** [[InstallShield Z]]
* [[IPA]] (.ipa) => iOS app in archived form; actually in zip format
* [[IPSW]] (.ipsw) Apple OS restore format [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPSW]
* [[IRIX software distribution format]] (.idb, etc.)
* [[Jar]] (.j, .jar) (Java) => this is just a renamed zip file with some mandatory files
* [[Lead Technologies archive]]
* [[LIF (Knowledge Dynamics)]]
* [[MDA (Micrografx)]]
* [[Meta-Package File]] (.mpkg) (Mac OS X)
* [[Microsoft Update Standalone Package]]
* [[MRNZ]]
* [[NSIS]] (Nullsoft Scriptable Install System)
* [[Olive]] (executable virtual-machine archive of software)
* [[OS/2 PACK archive]]
* [[OS/2 PACK2 archive]] (FTCOMP)
* [[Packaged Activity]] (Microsoft Train Simulator)
* [[Package File (OS X)]] (.pkg)
* [[PackageForTheWeb]]
* [[PACKIT by MJP]]
* [[PC-Install]] (20/20 Software) - See also [[PC-Shrink]].
* [[QIP (Quarterdeck)]]
* [[RED (Knowledge Dynamics)]]
* [[RPM]] (formerly known as RedHat Package Manager, nowadays RPM Package Manager)<ref>[[wikipedia:RPM_Package_Manager|RPM Package Manager - Wikipedia]]</ref>
* [[Setup Factory]] (Indigo Rose Software)
* [[SIS]] (Symbian)
* [[Snap]]
* Sweet Home 3D
** [[Sweet Home 3D Furniture Library]]
** [[Sweet Home 3D Plug-in]]
** [[Sweet Home 3D Texture Library]]
* [[SWG]] (SWAG)
* [[Unity package file]]
* [[WAD (Wii)]]
* [[Windows Installer]] (.msi, .msp)
* [[Wise installer package]]
* [[XAR (Executable Archive)]]
* [[XP3]] (KiriKiri Adventure Game System)
* [[Z/Install]]
* [[ZSoft ZPK2]]
* [[Zune HD Application File]] (.zcp)

== Self-extracting archives ==
(in addition, some of the other archivers are able to produce executable files for some platform which include the archived data and a program to extract them, and generally have the file extension normal for executables, such as .exe for DOS/Windows. In many cases, if you rename the extension to the appropriate one for the archive type involved, e.g., '''.zip''', the file will open in the appropriate archiver, which is handy for extracting them on systems not compatible with the original executable.)
* [[ARS]]
* [[COMPACK]] / BUILDSFX
* [[LHA/LHarc self-extracting archive]]
* [[makeself]] [https://github.com/megastep/makeself]
* [[NETSEND]]
* [[PMsfx]]
* [[SCRNCH]] (in "write mode")
* [[SDA]] (Self Dissolving Archive)
* [[SEA (StuffIt)]] (StuffIt Self-Extracting Archive)
* [[Self-extracting ZIP]]
* [[SFX]] (Self-Extracting Archive)
* [[shar]] (Shell Archive, in Unix-like systems)
* [[SQWEZ]]

== Software ==
Refer to [[Compression and archiving software]].

== Transfer formats ==
(encapsulate a system-specific file structure to make it compatible with foreign systems, file transfer protocols, etc.)
* [[AppleDouble]]
* [[AppleSingle]]
* [[Bento]] (1990s Apple cross-platform compound content format)
* [[Binary II]] (.bny) (for Apple II series) (often [[squeeze]]d as .bqy)
* [[BinHex]] (.hqx)
* [[GEOS Convert]] (.cvt)
* [[MacBinary]]
* [[MAR Utility]]
* [[oric-dsk-manager exported file]]
* [[TI variable file]]

For low-level transfer encodings, see [[Transfer Encodings]].

== Uncategorized ==
* [[Cache Directory Tagging Standard]]
* [[Content Addressable Archive]] (CAR)
* [[SMART Notebook]]

== See also ==
* [[Backup]]
* [[Compression]]
* [[Disk Image Formats]]
* [[Executable envelopes#Executable libraries]]

== Links ==
* [http://www.coredumps.de/doc/dump/zwicky/testdump.doc.html Torture-testing Backup and Archive Programs: Things You Ought to Know But Probably Would Rather Not]
* [http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/apps-discuss/current/msg13094.html Discussion of proposed top-level MIME type for 'archive']
* [http://blogs.loc.gov/digitalpreservation/2014/02/what-do-you-mean-by-archive-genres-of-usage-for-digital-preservers/ What Do you Mean by Archive? Genres of Usage for Digital Preservers]

== References ==
<references/>

PACKIT by MJP

2026-04-21T13:56:49Z

Jsummers: Created page with "{{FormatInfo |formattype=electronic |subcat=Archiving |extensions={{ext|ins}}, {{ext|dat}} |released=≤1994 }} :''Not to be confused with PackIt.'' '''PACKIT by MJP''' i..."

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Archiving
|extensions={{ext|ins}}, {{ext|dat}}
|released=≤1994
}}
:''Not to be confused with [[PackIt]].''

'''PACKIT by MJP''' is the signature of an installer-archive format, used by:
* Offline Mail Executive (OMX), by SysTech Computer Services
* The Blue Wave Offline Mail Reader, by Cutting Edge Computing

Archives appear to be uncompressed, though it's possible that the format supports compression.

== Discussion ==
This format is rare, but documented here in part to distinguish it from similar formats.

The original author of OMX is Martin J. Pollard, more than likely the "MJP" in the signature.

In some archives, one of the member files (WELCOME!.000) is a [[ZIP]] file. This causes some unzip software to misleadingly behave as if the whole archive were this one member file.

== Format details ==
''[Unconfirmed information. Written for the fileformats.archiveteam.org wiki.]''

Format of an archive:
* 16-byte signature
* Sequence of member files
* 2-byte trailer: <code>ff ff</code>

Format of a member file:
* Two unknown bytes, observed to be <code>ff 00</code>.
* Two fields each containing the file size
* Timestamp
* [[CRC-32#CRC-32/JAMCRC|CRC-32/JAMCRC]]
* Filename size
* Filename
* Unknown byte, observed to be <code>00</code>.
* File contents

== Identification ==
Files start with ASCII "{{magic|PACKIT by MJP}}", then bytes {{magic|0d 0a 1a}}.

== Sample files ==
* {{CdTextfiles|simtel/stmsdos9709/disk1/DISC1/MAILNEWS/OMX100.ZIP|OMX100.ZIP}} → INSTALL.DAT
* {{CdTextfiles|simtel/stmsdos9709/disk1/DISC1/MAILNEWS/BW23_DOS.ZIP|BW23_DOS.ZIP}} → BWAVEDOS.INS
* {{DexvertSamples|archive/packItInstallationArchive}}

High Sierra

2026-04-17T12:03:51Z

Jsummers: /* Sample files */ Should point to files, not to titles

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Filesystem
|extensions={{ext|iso}}, others
|released=~1986
}}
'''High Sierra''' format ('''HSF''') is a filesystem used on some early [[CD-ROM]]s. It is the predecessor of [[ISO 9660]].

== Nomenclature ==
There are two main, and mutually incompatible, formats in the High Sierra/ISO 9660 line of filesystems: the older format, which has a "<code>CDROM</code>" signature in the volume descriptors, and the newer format, which has a "<code>CD001</code>" signature.

It's tempting to assume that ''High Sierra'' refers to the older format, and ''ISO 9660'' to the newer format. Unfortunately, while that is often the case (and is the convention used in this article), it is not ''always'' the case. Both names have been used to refer to the set of both formats.

== Disambiguation ==
The filesystem format is not to be confused with '''macOS High Sierra''', a version of the macOS operating system, also known as macOS v10.13 ([[Wikipedia:MacOS High Sierra|Wikipedia article]]).

== Identification ==
If a typical High Sierra filesystem is dumped to a raw image file in a typical way, the ASCII signature "{{magic|CDROM}}" appears at offset 32777, and also 2048 bytes later at offset 34825.

== Specifications ==
* [https://www.os2museum.com/files/docs/cdrom/CDROM_Working_Paper-1986.pdf Volume and File Structure of Compact Read Only Optical Discs for Information Interchange] [https://www.os2museum.com/files/docs/cdrom/hsg_wp.html HTML Version]
* [https://www.tech-insider.org/mac/research/acrobat/8808.pdf Macintosh Technical Note #209: High Sierra & ISO 9660 CD ROM Formats]

== Sample files ==
* https://archive.org/details/shareware-grab-bag → Shareware Grab Bag.iso
* https://archive.org/details/MS_BOOKSHELF_87 (Microsoft Bookshelf circa 1987) → .ISO
* https://archive.org/details/cia-world-factbook-1989-cd-rom (CIA Factbook circa 1989) → .ISO
* https://archive.org/details/microsoft-small-business-consultant-stat-pack-1990 (Microsoft Stat Pack 1989)
* https://archive.org/details/software-toolworks-illustrated-encyclopedia-1990 (Software Toolworks 1990)

== Links ==
* [[Wikipedia: ISO 9660]] - Includes some historical information about High Sierra
* [https://www.os2museum.com/wp/looking-for-high-sierra/ OS/2 Museum: Looking for High Sierra]

MMFW resource file

2026-04-15T12:07:40Z

Jsummers: /* Software */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Resources
|extensions={{ext|mmp}}, {{ext|mma}}, {{ext|mms}}, {{ext|pic}}, {{ext|snd}}, others
|wikidata={{wikidata|Q105861702}}
|released=≤1996
}}
'''MMFW resource file''' (official name unknown) is a set of resource data file formats. A file generally contains a collection of data items of the same type, which can be pictures, sounds, video clips, etc.

Its origin is unknown. One possibility is that it's associated with an as-yet-unidentified multimedia library or framework.

It was used in software by various publishers, including:
* Disney Interactive
* PrintPaks, Inc.
* ImageBuilder Software, Inc.
* Pacific Interactive

== Format details ==
None of the resource types seem to use a standard format (except possibly some of the movies, which resemble [[QuickTime]]). Some are compressed, possibly not all using the same compression scheme. It's not clear to what extent the resources can be decoded, without external information (from an associated "Script" file, or the application).

== Identification ==
An MMFW file starts with a NUL-padded string that starts with "{{magic|MMFW }}". Known strings:

MMFW Pictures
MMFW Sounds
MMFW Movies
MMFW Films
MMFW Blobs
MMFW Scripts
MMFW Script
MMFW 3 Script

At offset 16 is either "{{magic|MM}}" or "{{magic|II}}", which is apparently a [[TIFF]]-style code for [[endianness]].

== Software ==
* [https://github.com/david47k/mmex mmex] - A utility to extract the raw data. Note: You may have to supply the option "<code>-offset 1A</code>" or "<code>-offset 1E</code>".
* {{Deark}} (Pictures)
* [https://gist.github.com/dantio/149fb5cadbfb769c311cd629e6e7fcb6 extract_sounds.py]

== Sample files ==
* {{DexvertSamples|archive/mmfwArchive}}
* {{DexvertSamples|archive/mmfwMoviesArchive}}

[[Category:Archiving]]
[[Category:Graphics]]
[[Category:Audio and Music]]
[[Category:Video]]
[[Category:Animation]]

Disk Masher System

2026-04-15T12:05:51Z

Jsummers: Repaired Dexvertbot corruption

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Disk Image Formats
|extensions={{ext|dms}}
|wikidata={{wikidata|Q1228770}}
}}
'''DMS''' ('''Disk Masher System''') is a compressed disk image format used on Amiga computers.

== Compression methods ==
{| class="wikitable"
! ID !! Name !! Description and remarks
|-
| 0 || No compression ||
|-
| 1 || Simple || [[Run-length encoding|RLE]]
|-
| 2 || Quick || RLE + {[[LZ77]] with 256-byte window}
|-
| 3 || Medium || RLE + {LZ77 with 16K window}
|-
| 4 || Deep || RLE + {[[LZ77 with Huffman coding|LZ77 with adaptive Huffman coding]]}
|-
| 5 || Heavy1 || Like Heavy2, with 4K window
|-
| 6 || Heavy2 || {Optional RLE} + {[[LZ77 with Huffman coding|LZ77 with static Huffman coding]], 8K window (similar to [[LHA]]'s "lh5" method)}
|-
| 7–9 || Heavy3–5? || Reserved?
|}

== Identification ==
Files begin with ASCII characters "{{magic|DMS!}}".

== Format info ==
* [http://lclevy.free.fr/amiga/DMS.txt DMS header structure]

== Sample files ==
Uncompressed (0):
* [https://archive.org/details/zoom-1 Zoom Volume One] → proclip/TH22A.DMS

Simple/RLE (1):
* [https://archive.org/details/aminet-walnut-creek-1 Aminet CD-ROM #1] → AMINET/DEMO/SOUND/VIBRATIONS_ZNT.DMS

Quick (2):
* [https://archive.org/details/fairlight-10-years FAIRLIGHT 10 YEARS] → FAIRLIGHT_10_YEARS.zip → FAIRLIGHT_10_YEA.{BIN,CUE} → FLTAMIGA/FLT1991/BOMBJACK.DMS

Medium (3):
* [https://archive.org/details/aminet-walnut-creek-1 Aminet CD-ROM #1] → AB20/DEMOS/COMERCIL/KNGHTSFT.DMS

Deep (4):
* [https://archive.org/details/aminet-walnut-creek-1 Aminet CD-ROM #1] → AMINET/DEMO/EURO/ODYSEY92.DMS

Heavy1 (5):
* [https://archive.org/details/utilities-professional-1-1500 Utilities Professional 1-1500 CD-ROM] → 00010250/VAR0128.DMS

Heavy2 (6):
* [https://archive.org/details/aminet-walnut-creek-1 Aminet CD-ROM #1] → AMINET/DEMO/EURO/CMD_TP5B.DMS

Various:
* {{CdTextfilesURL|17b5/files/}}
* {{DexvertSamples|archive/dms}}

== Software ==
* [http://aminet.net/package/util/arc/xDMS xDMS] (portable C source, partially public domain)
* [http://aminet.net/package/util/arc/dms111 dms111] (Original Amiga software)
* [https://github.com/temisu/ancient Ancient] (decompresses to [[ADF (Amiga)|ADF]])
* [[The Unarchiver]]
* {{Deark}}
* {{XAD}}

== Links ==
* [[Wikipedia:Disk Masher System|Wikipedia article]]

[[Category:Amiga]]

LZHUF

2026-04-13T11:33:55Z

Jsummers:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Compression
|released=1989
}}
:''This article is about the compression software by Haruyasu Yoshizaki. For the data compression technique in general, see [[LZ77 with Huffman coding]].''

'''LZHUF''', or '''LZHUF.C''', is a file compression utility written by Haruyasu Yoshizaki and Haruhiko Okumura. Some versions have a third author, Kenji Rikitake.

It uses [[LZSS]]-flavored [[LZ77]], combined with [[adaptive Huffman coding]]. It has a 4K history buffer. The LZ77 code is from Okumura's [[LZARI]].

The compression is the same as the [[LHA|LHarc]]'s "lh1" scheme.

== Format details ==
Files have a minimal header, containing the uncompressed file size. The format is arguably not portable, because it differs depending on the compiler's in-memory format of the "long" data type. However, some binaries exist that assume the header is 4 bytes, little-endian.

== Related formats ==
* [[LZARI]] (predecessor)
Formats that use LZHUF compression, or something very similar, include:
* [[LHA|LHarc]] "lh1" compression
* [[CrLZH]]
* [[StuffIt]] "LZAH" compression
* [[Freeze/Melt]]
* [[ARC (compression format)]] v7 "Trimmed" compression
* [[Disk Masher System]] "Deep" compression
* [[ICE (Michael Lamanuzzi)]]

== Software ==
There are many different versions of LZHUF.C in existence, with modifications by many different people. It's not clear how many "official" versions there were, or how they ought to be identified.

Note that the original source code has portability issues. It will not work correctly if compiled by a modern C compiler.

For a discussion of the terms of use, see [http://www.svgalib.org/rus/lbrate.html lbrate] → lzhuf-post.txt.

* LZHUF
** {{CdTextfilesURL|powerprogramming/PROGTOOL/COMPRESS/LZHSRC10.ZIP}} → LZHUF.C - "English version 1.0 / Based on Japanese version 29-NOV-1988 / LZSS coded by Haruhiko OKUMURA / Adaptive Huffman Coding coded by Haruyasu YOSHIZAKI / Edited and translated to English by Kenji RIKITAKE"
** {{CdTextfilesURL|rbbsv3n1/pac4/okumura.zip}} → LZHUF.C - "written by Haruyasu Yoshizaki 11/20/1988 / some minor changes 4/6/1989 / comments translated by Haruhiko Okumura 4/7/1989"
** {{CdTextfilesURL|pcmedic9310/UTILS/COMPRESS/OKUMURA2.ZIP}} → LZHUF.C
** {{CdTextfilesURL|simtel/simtel20/MSDOS/ARCUTILS/LZ_COMP2.ZIP}} → LZHUF.C
** [http://old-dos.ru/index.php?page=files&mode=files&do=show&id=3432 LHarc at old-dos.ru] → LARC and LHarc sources → LZHUF.C
* [[ICE (Michael Lamanuzzi)]] (Same format, different name. DOS software, read/write.)
* {{CdTextfiles|gigabytesw/006a/lzhufe.zip|lzhufe}} - Decompressor by C.B. Falconer (DOS binary + Pascal source code)
* {{Deark}}, with <code>-m lzhuf</code> option

== Links ==
* [https://oku.edu.mie-u.ac.jp/~okumura/compression/history.html History of Data Compression in Japan]
* {{CdTextfiles|rbbsv3n1/pac4/okumura.zip|okumura.zip}} → COMPRESS.TXT

JPK1 (compressed archive)

2026-04-13T11:13:31Z

Jsummers:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Archiving
|extensions={{ext|jpk}}
}}
'''JPK1''' is the apparent signature of an aggregate format related to the [[JFX1 (compressed file)|JFX1]] compressed file format. It was used in some demos by "JapoTek", including "An Alien Lunch" and "The Eternal Game". It contains compressed files, and probably other resource data.

== Identification ==
ASCII "{{magic|JPK1}}" appears beginning 12 bytes from the end of the file.

The file most likely begins with "{{magic|JFX1}}", the same as [[JFX1 (compressed file)#Identification|JFX1 format]].

== Sample files ==
* [{{DiscMasterURL|browse/34208/pcx33_9906.iso/DEMOZONA/Trip99/Minidemo/aal.zip/DATA.JPK}}]
* [{{DiscMasterURL|browse/34208/pcx33_9906.iso/DEMOZONA/Trip99/3dfxdemo/teg.zip/DATA.JPK}}]

Archiving

2026-04-11T18:18:19Z

Jsummers: /* Compression + archiving */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|thiscat=Archiving
|image=Magazine-files.jpg
}}
(Lossless, for generic data + file archives)

== Archiving only ==
(many files => 1 file, no compression attempted)

* [[AR]] file format (.a, .lib) -- Unix Archiver (ar) format as used by various compilers/linkers
* [[ARC (Internet Archive)]] (.arc)
* [[BagIt]]
** [[Mailbag]]
* [[BAR (Age of Mythology)]]
* [[bar]] (SunOS 4)
* [[CAR (CarComp)]]
* [[cpio]] (.cpio)
* [[DPK]]
* [[FAR (The Sims)]] (.far)
* [[Flash (Micro TECH Systems)]] (.flh)
* [[GRP (Build Engine Group Archive)]] (.grp)
* [[Hamster archive]]
* [[HMM Packfile]]
* [[HRX]]
* [[LBR]] (.lbr)
* [[LBR (Commodore)]] (.lbr)
* [[Lynx archive]] (Commodore) (.lnx)
* [[Mozilla Archive]] (.mar)
* [[Packaged Activity]] (.apk)
* [[PACKFILE (Brad Smith)]]
* [[pax]]
* [[QFC]]
* [[Quake PAK]]
* [[SAVF]]
* [[SeqBox]] (.sbx)
* [[siva]] (.siva)
* [[Tape Archive]] (.tar)
* [[TPAC (Tim Gordon)]]
* [[VIV]] (.viv, .big; used in Electronic Arts games)
* [[Webarchive (Safari)]]
* [[XMIT]]

=== Text-based ===
* [[HRA]]
* [[HRX]]

== Compression + archiving ==
(Multiple files => 1 file, makes it smaller. See [[Compression]] for formats that compress single files/streams, and [[Disk Image Formats]] for formats that capture the low-level structure of a disk)

* [[4Q]] (.4q)
* [[777]]
* [[7z]] (.7z)
* [[ACB (compressed archive)|ACB]]
* [[ACE]] (.ace)
* [[afio]]
* [[Ai Archiver]] (.ai)
* [[AIN]] (.ain)
* [[AKT]]
* [[ALZ]] (.alz) (ALZip)
* [[AMG (compressed archive)|AMG]] (AMGC)
* [[ar (Haruhiko Okumura)]]
* [[Apple Archive]] (.aar)[https://developer.apple.com/documentation/applearchive]
* [[Apple Encrypted Archive]] (.aea)[https://developer.apple.com/documentation/applearchive#3761312]
* [[AR7]]
* [[ARC (compression format)|ARC]] (PC/MS-DOS) (.arc)
* [[ARC (Commodore)]] (.arc)
* [[ARC (FreeArc)]] (.arc)
* [[ARC (Internet Archive)]] (gzipped form: .arc.gz)
* [[ArcFS]] (RISC OS) (.arc)
* [[ArcMac]]
* [[ARG]]
* [[ARHANGEL]]
* [[ARI (compressed archive)|ARI]]
* [[ARJ]]
* [[ARJZ]]
* [[ARQ]]
* [[ARX]]
* [[ASD Archiver]]
* [[Astrotite]] (.afa)
* [[B1]]
* [[B6Z]] (.b6z)
* [[BGA Archive]] (.bza, .gza)
* [[BIX]]
* [[BlakHole]] (.bh)
* [[BLINK]] (.bli)
* [[BOA Constrictor Archiver]]
* [[BRU]] - (RSX-11M backup)
* [[BSArc and BSA]]
* [[BTSPK]]
* [[Cabinet]] (.cab)
* [[CAR (SAP)|CAR]] (a SAP archive format; also see [[SAR]])
* [[CAR (MylesHi!)]]
* [[CAZIPXP]] (.caz)
* [[CFL]] (Compressed file library) (.cfl)
* [[ChArc]] (.chz)
* [[ChiefLZ]] (LZA)
* [[CMZ (archive format)|CMZ]]
* [[CODEC (Telvox)]]
* [[Compact File Set]] (.cfs)
* [[Compact Pro]] (.cpt)
* [[Compressia]] (.car)
* [[The Compressor (John Lauro)|Compressor, The (John Lauro)]]
* [[CP Shrink]] (.cpz)
* [[CRUSH]]
* [[Disk Archiver]] (.dar)
* [[DGCA]] (.dgc)
* [[Diamond]]
* [[Doom WAD]] (.wad)
* [[DRY]]
* [[DWC]] (.dwc)
* [[Dzip]] (.dz)
* [[Eazel]] (.eaz)
* [[EGG (ALZip)]] (.egg)
* [[ELI 5750]]
* [[ERI (compressed archive)|ERI]]
* [[ESP (compressed archive)|ESP]]
* [[Fold (J. Turin)]]
* [[FOXSQZ]]
* [[Freeze!]]
* [[GCA]] (.gca)
* [[Genus Graphics Library]]
* [[GFSA]] (.fa)
* [[Greenleaf ArchiveLib]]
* [[Gwtar]] (.gwtar.html)
* [[HA]] (.ha)
* [[HAP]]
* [[HIT (compressed archive)|HIT]]
* [[HKI]] (WinHKI) (.hki)
* [[HPACK (compressed archive)|HPACK]] (.hpk)
* [[HUF (CP/M)]]
* [[Hyper archive]] (.hyp)
* [[ICE (ICEOWS)]] (.ice)
* [[IMP]] (.imp)
* [[JAR (ARJ Software)]] (.j)
* [[JARCS]] (.jar)
* [[JPK1 (compressed archive)|JPK1]]
* [[JRchive]] (.jrc)
* [[KGB Archiver]] (.kgb)
* [[Konqueror web archive]] (.war)
* [[LArc]] (.lzs)
* [[LHA]] (.lzh, .lha)
* [[LHARK]]
* [[LHice]]
* [[LIMIT]] (.lim)
* [[LZX]] (.lzx)
* [[MAFF]] (Mozilla web archive; uses ZIP for compression)
* [[MAr (Melting-Pot)]]
* [[MDCD]] (.md)
* [[Micrognosis Compression Archiver]] (MAR)
* [[MPC (Marco Czudej)]] (.mp3)
* [[MSXiE]] (.xie)
* [[MZP]]
* [[NaShrinK]] (.nsk)
* [[Now Compress]]
* [[NuFX]] / ShrinkIt (.shk)
* [[OOP]]
* [[oPAQue]]
* [[PA (PowerArchiver)]]
* [[packARC]] (.pja)
* [[Packdir]] (RISC OS)
* [[PACKER (ImagiSOFT)‎]] (The Finishing Touch)
* [[PackIt]] (.pit)
* [[PAK]] (.pak) - various formats
* [[PAK (ARC extension)]]
* [[PAKLEO]]
* [[PAQ]] (.pa6, .pa7, .pa8, others)
* [[PAQJ]] (.qar)
* [[PC-Shrink]] (.shr)
* [[PCX Library]] (.pcl)
* [[PEA]] (PeaZIP) (.pea)
* [[PerfectCompress]] (.uca)
* [[PIM]] (.pim)
* [[PKARC/PKPAK]]
* [[PLA]] (ARCHICAD Archive) (.pla)
* [[PMA]] (.pma)
* [[PPMd]]
* [[Pretty Simple Archiver]] (.psa)
* [[PUT]] (MicroFox) (.put)
* [[Quadruple D Archiver]] (.qda)
* [[Quantum compressed archive]] (.q)
* [[QuARK]] (.ark)
* [[RAR]] (.rar)
* [[RARC (Nintendo)]]
* [[RAX (compressed archive)|RAX]]
* [[RK]] (WinRK)
* [[RKIVE]] (.rkv)
* [[S7z]] (.s7z)
* [[SAR]] (a SAP archive format; also see [[CAR (SAP)|CAR]])
* [[SAR (Streamline Design)]]
* [[SARJ]] (.srj)
* [[SBX (SpinnerBaker Software)]] (.sb)
* [[Scifer]] (.sen, .ba, .xml)
* [[SKY (compressed archive)|SKY]]
* [[Slim!]]
* [[SOF (Spectrum Software)]] (RESOF)
* [[Softlib]] (Softdisk Publishing) (.slb)
* [[Spark]] (.spk)
* [[SQLite Archive]] (SQLAR)
* [[Squash ARH|Squash]] (.arh)
* [[Squeeze It]] (.sqz)
* [[SQWEZ]] 2.x (.sqz)
* [[SQX]] (.sqx)
* [[StuffIt]] (.sit)
* [[StuffIt X]] (.sitx)
* [[SuperPack]] (.spa)
* [[TBAFS]] (RISC OS)
* [[Tome]]
* [[TPK (compressed archive)|TPK]]
* [[TSComp]]
* [[UFA]]
* [[UHARC]] (.uha)
* [[UltraCompressor II]] (.uc, .uc0, .uc2, .ucn, .ur2, .ue2)
* [[VEM]] (Sony Virtual Expander)
* [[WARC]] (.warc, .warc.gz)
** [[WACZ]] (packaged warc)
* [[X (X1)]] (.x)
* [[xar (Extensible Archive)]] (.xar)
* [[Xidie archive]] (.zxc)
* [[XP3]] (.xp3) - used in [[KiriKiri Adventure Game System]]
* [[xpa32]] (.xpa)
* [[XPACK archive]] (.xpa)
* [[YAC]] (.yc)
* [[Yamazaki zipper archive]] (.yz1) - used in DeepFreezer
* [[ZAR (Zip-Archiv)]]
* [[Zet]]
* [[ZIP]] (.zip)
* [[Zipx]] (.zipx)
* [[Zoo]] (.zoo)
* [[ZPack (LeadRDRK)]]
* ZPack [Lite] (.zpk) - See [[Z/Install]]
* [[ZPAQ]]
* [[Zzip]] (.zz)

== Diff files ==
(containing only the parts of a file that have changed, so they can be applied to an existing file to update it; used for update distribution and incremental backups)

* [[ACB (compressed archive)|ACB]]
* [[binpatch (Jaap Korthals Altes)]]
* [[BinPatch (Kay Hayen)]]
* [[bsdiff]]
* [[Courgette]]
* [[diff]]
* [[dirpatch]]
* [[FidoNet nodediff]]
* [[FXPF]]
* [[GDIFF]]
* [[IPS (binary patch format)]]
* [[JSON Patch]]
* [[LDArc and LDIFF]] (.lzd)
* [[rename helper]]
* [[RTPatch]]
* [[SmartVersion]] (.svf)
* [[Unified diff]]
* [[UPS (binary patch format)]]
* [[VCDIFF]]

See also [[Wikipedia:Data differencing]].

== Versioning files ==
(contains multiple versions of files, often just saving the differences to save space)

(often a filesystem-level capability, such as ZFS and Btrfs snapshots and Windows Shadow Copy)

* [[Autodesk Vault]]
* [[SmartVersion]] (.svf)

See also [[Development#Revision_control_systems_.2F_code_repositories|Revision control systems / code repositories]]

== Encrypted or cryptographically signed archives ==
* [[DataSAFE]] (.saf, .lbx)
* [[SDN (SDN Project)]]
* [[XIP]]
* [[ZED]]

== File splitting ==
(1 file => multiple files. Most file splitting utilities just produce raw file fragments, and don't have a native file format. But some use a container format, and some create a separate "control" file for metadata.)

* [[AS/ZC (Zip Chunker)]]
* [[AUTOCHOP]]
* [[LambChop]]
* [[SLICE (Ziff Communications)]]
* [[SPLIT (M. Dingacci)]]

Also, the two sorts of [[Horcrux]], [[Horcrux (jesseduffield)]] and [[Horcrux (kndyry)]], are split-and-encrypted files.

== Filesystem backup and restoration ==
Formats designed for backing up disks, usually specifically targeted at particular [[filesystem]]s (but backing it up in the form of file structures, not raw sector images like [[Disk Image Formats]]).
* [[BACKUP (MS-DOS)]]
* [[Partimage]]
* [[ufsdump]]
* [[Unix dump]]
* [[Windows Imaging Format]] (.wim, .swm)

See also [[Backup]].

== Fake archiving ==
Beware of these; they purport to be archivers but aren't really; you might lose any data you entrust to them. Could be somebody's idea of humor or malware.
* [[OWS (fake compressed archive)]]
* [[WIC (fake compressed archive)]]

== Institutional archiving ==
* [[ARK]] (identifier for archived documents)
* [[Archive eXchange Format]] (.axf)
* [[OAIS]] (Open Archival Information System, an organization that does archiving)
* [[Planets Core Registry]]
* [[PRONOM]]
** [[PUID]]
* [[SIRF]] (Self-Contained Information Retention Format)
* [[Submission Information Package]]
* [[UPF]] (Universal Preservation Format)

== Metadata formats ==
* [[Archive Team hostname file]]
* [[CDX]] (associated with web archives)
* [[DFDL]] (Data Format Description Language) - a file format for describing file formats
* [[FilmConservationMetadata]]
* [[Internet Archive metadata]]
* [[mtree]]
* [[Portland Common Data Model]]
* [[TOSEC Naming Convention]]
* [[Web Archive Metadata File]] (metadata for [[WARC]])

(see also [[Metadata]], [[Bibliographic data]])

== Program/App/Applet/Installer specialized archive formats ==
* [[Adobe Air]]
* [[APK]] (Android app)
** [[XAPK]]
*** [[OBB]]
* [[Bundle file (Linux)]]
* [[Bundle file (OS X)]]
* [[Cabal]]
* [[Cakewalk Bundle (BUN)]]
* [[Cakewalk Bundle (CWB)]]
* [[CompuShow installer format]]
* [[Cross-Platform Installer Module]]
* [[deb]] (Debian package)
* [[EA archive]]
* [[Eschalon Setup archive]] (.arv)
* [[FIZ]]
* [[Garc archive]] (.gar)
* [[IPS archive|Image Packaging System (IPS) archive]] (.p5p)
* [[IPS manifest|Image Packaging System (IPS) manifest]] (.p5m)
* [[Inno Setup self-extracting archive]]
* [[Installer VISE]]
* [[InstallShield]]
** [[InstallShield archive (IBT)]]
** [[InstallShield CAB]]
** [[InstallShield installer archive]]
** [[InstallShield PKG]]
** [[InstallShield Self-Extracting EXE]]
** [[InstallShield Z]]
* [[IPA]] (.ipa) => iOS app in archived form; actually in zip format
* [[IPSW]] (.ipsw) Apple OS restore format [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPSW]
* [[IRIX software distribution format]] (.idb, etc.)
* [[Jar]] (.j, .jar) (Java) => this is just a renamed zip file with some mandatory files
* [[Lead Technologies archive]]
* [[LIF (Knowledge Dynamics)]]
* [[MDA (Micrografx)]]
* [[Meta-Package File]] (.mpkg) (Mac OS X)
* [[Microsoft Update Standalone Package]]
* [[MRNZ]]
* [[NSIS]] (Nullsoft Scriptable Install System)
* [[Olive]] (executable virtual-machine archive of software)
* [[OS/2 PACK archive]]
* [[OS/2 PACK2 archive]] (FTCOMP)
* [[Packaged Activity]] (Microsoft Train Simulator)
* [[Package File (OS X)]] (.pkg)
* [[PackageForTheWeb]]
* [[PC-Install]] (20/20 Software) - See also [[PC-Shrink]].
* [[QIP (Quarterdeck)]]
* [[RED (Knowledge Dynamics)]]
* [[RPM]] (formerly known as RedHat Package Manager, nowadays RPM Package Manager)<ref>[[wikipedia:RPM_Package_Manager|RPM Package Manager - Wikipedia]]</ref>
* [[Setup Factory]] (Indigo Rose Software)
* [[SIS]] (Symbian)
* [[Snap]]
* Sweet Home 3D
** [[Sweet Home 3D Furniture Library]]
** [[Sweet Home 3D Plug-in]]
** [[Sweet Home 3D Texture Library]]
* [[SWG]] (SWAG)
* [[Unity package file]]
* [[WAD (Wii)]]
* [[Windows Installer]] (.msi, .msp)
* [[Wise installer package]]
* [[XAR (Executable Archive)]]
* [[XP3]] (KiriKiri Adventure Game System)
* [[Z/Install]]
* [[ZSoft ZPK2]]
* [[Zune HD Application File]] (.zcp)

== Self-extracting archives ==
(in addition, some of the other archivers are able to produce executable files for some platform which include the archived data and a program to extract them, and generally have the file extension normal for executables, such as .exe for DOS/Windows. In many cases, if you rename the extension to the appropriate one for the archive type involved, e.g., '''.zip''', the file will open in the appropriate archiver, which is handy for extracting them on systems not compatible with the original executable.)
* [[ARS]]
* [[COMPACK]] / BUILDSFX
* [[LHA/LHarc self-extracting archive]]
* [[makeself]] [https://github.com/megastep/makeself]
* [[NETSEND]]
* [[PMsfx]]
* [[SCRNCH]] (in "write mode")
* [[SDA]] (Self Dissolving Archive)
* [[SEA (StuffIt)]] (StuffIt Self-Extracting Archive)
* [[Self-extracting ZIP]]
* [[SFX]] (Self-Extracting Archive)
* [[shar]] (Shell Archive, in Unix-like systems)
* [[SQWEZ]]

== Software ==
Refer to [[Compression and archiving software]].

== Transfer formats ==
(encapsulate a system-specific file structure to make it compatible with foreign systems, file transfer protocols, etc.)
* [[AppleDouble]]
* [[AppleSingle]]
* [[Bento]] (1990s Apple cross-platform compound content format)
* [[Binary II]] (.bny) (for Apple II series) (often [[squeeze]]d as .bqy)
* [[BinHex]] (.hqx)
* [[GEOS Convert]] (.cvt)
* [[MacBinary]]
* [[MAR Utility]]
* [[oric-dsk-manager exported file]]
* [[TI variable file]]

For low-level transfer encodings, see [[Transfer Encodings]].

== Uncategorized ==
* [[Cache Directory Tagging Standard]]
* [[Content Addressable Archive]] (CAR)
* [[SMART Notebook]]

== See also ==
* [[Backup]]
* [[Compression]]
* [[Disk Image Formats]]
* [[Executable envelopes#Executable libraries]]

== Links ==
* [http://www.coredumps.de/doc/dump/zwicky/testdump.doc.html Torture-testing Backup and Archive Programs: Things You Ought to Know But Probably Would Rather Not]
* [http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/apps-discuss/current/msg13094.html Discussion of proposed top-level MIME type for 'archive']
* [http://blogs.loc.gov/digitalpreservation/2014/02/what-do-you-mean-by-archive-genres-of-usage-for-digital-preservers/ What Do you Mean by Archive? Genres of Usage for Digital Preservers]

== References ==
<references/>

JFX1 (compressed file)

2026-04-11T18:17:30Z

Jsummers:

{{FormatInfo
|subcat=Compression
|released=≤2002
}}
'''JFX1''' is the signature of a compressed file format used in two software products by GMM Entertainment:
* ''Blood & Lace'', a video game
* ''All Tracks'', a tech demo in the form of a racing game

GMM Entertainment was apparently a small company based in Tortona, Italy.

See also [[JGF5 (image format)]].

== Format details ==
The compression is based on [[LZHUF]].

== Identification ==
Files start with ASCII "{{magic|JFX1}}".

But see also [[JPK1 (compressed archive)]].

== Software ==
* [https://codecs.multimedia.cx/2026/01/blood-lace-unpacker/ Blood & Lace unpacker] → [https://nihav.org/bl_unpack.c bl_unpack.c]

== Sample files ==
* {{DexvertSamples|archive/bloodLaceCompressed}}

JPK1 (compressed archive)

2026-04-11T18:15:57Z

Jsummers: Created page with "{{FormatInfo |formattype=electronic |subcat=Archiving |extensions={{ext|jpk}} }} '''JPK1''' is the signature of a compressed archive format related to the [[JFX1 (compressed f..."

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Archiving
|extensions={{ext|jpk}}
}}
'''JPK1''' is the signature of a compressed archive format related to the [[JFX1 (compressed file)|JFX1]] compressed file format.

It was used in things named "An Alien Lunch" and "The Eternal Game", by "JapoTek".

== Identification ==
ASCII "{{magic|JPK1}}" appears beginning 12 bytes from the end of the file.

The file most likely begins with "{{magic|JFX1}}", the same as [[JFX1 (compressed file)#Identification|JFX1 format]].

== Sample files ==
* [{{DiscMasterURL|browse/34208/pcx33_9906.iso/DEMOZONA/Trip99/Minidemo/aal.zip/DATA.JPK}}]
* [{{DiscMasterURL|browse/34208/pcx33_9906.iso/DEMOZONA/Trip99/3dfxdemo/teg.zip/DATA.JPK}}]

ART (AOL compressed image)

2026-04-11T15:09:31Z

Jsummers: /* Identification */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|art}}
|pronom={{PRONOM|fmt/666}}
}}
'''ART''', also known as '''AOL compressed image''' or '''Johnson-Grace compressed file''', is a lossy-compressed image file format used by America Online ([[AOL]]).

== Identification ==
Files begin with ASCII "{{magic|JG}}".

Unrelated formats that could be confused for this format include [[Jigsaw (Walter A. Kuhn)]] and [[JGF5 (image format)|JGF5]].

== Sample files ==
* http://samples.libav.org/image-samples/ART/
* {{DexvertSamples|image/aolART}}

== Software ==
* [http://www.mindworkshop.com/gwsplugins.html#ART Graphics Workshop Professional w/ Plugin]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111001034124/https://www.acdsee.com/en/support/file-formats/ Older Acdsee Software compatibility]

== Resources ==
* [[Wikipedia:ART image file format|Wikipedia article]]
* [http://www.fileformat.info/mirror/egff/ch09_08.htm ART Compression], from the [[Encyclopedia of Graphics File Formats]]

[[Category:AOL]]

Graphics

2026-04-11T13:14:08Z

Jsummers: /* Raster Graphics Formats */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|thiscat=Graphics
|image=Mona Lisa, by Leonardo da Vinci, from C2RMF retouched.jpg
|caption=Mona Lisa
}}
[[Electronic_File_Formats|Electronic Formats]] concerned with Image Data.

''See also:''
* [[3D and CAD/CAM Models]]
* [[Animation]]
* [[Cameras and Digital Image Sensors]]
* [[Fonts]]
* [[Geospatial]]
* [[Health and Medicine#Medical Imaging]]
* [[Page description languages]]
* [[Scientific Data formats]]
* [[Video]]
''Other lists of formats:''
* [[Amiga graphics formats]]
* [[Apple II graphics formats]]
* [[Atari graphics formats]]
* [[Commodore graphics formats]]
* [[Fax formats]]

== Animated image formats ==
See also [[Animation]], [[Video]].

* [[APNG]]
* [[GFY]]
* [[GIF]]
* [[GIFV]]
* [[IFF-DEEP]]
* [[Just Buttons BTN]]
* [[MNG]]
* [[Naïve Image Formats]] (NII, NIA)
* [[OIL (OpenIL)]]
* [[PGX (Portfolio)]]
* [[Ugoira]]
* [[XNG]]

Other image formats supporting animation, but not usually thought of as animation formats, include [[AVIF]], [[HEIF]], [[JPEG XL]], [[JPX]], and [[WebP]].

== Character-based graphics ==
See [[Character encoding]] for details of character sets, some of which include graphical or line-and-box-drawing characters.

* [[2500x]]
* [[ANSI Art]] (.ans)
* [[ANSI escape code]]
* [[AN2]]
* [[ArtWorx Data Format]] (.adf)
* [[ASCII Art]]
* [[Ascii-Art Editor]]
* [[AVATAR]] (FidoNet)
* [[BIN (Binary Text)]]
* [[BSAVE Image]]
* [[CebraText]]
* [[ComAnsi]] (.anc)
* [[Dir Logo Maker]]
* [[Fontastic COM format]]
* [[iCEDraw]] (.idf)
* [[Instant Graphics and Sound]] (.ig, .igs)
* [[Laughing Dog Screen Maker]] (.dog)
* [[Laughing Dog Screen Maker COM file]]
* [[MZM]] (.mzm)
* [[Nitrogen Fingers Paint]] (NFP)
* [[Nitrogen Fingers Text]] (NFT)
* [[P-Screen COM Screen]]
* [[PCBoard]] (.pcb)
* [[PIX (PIcture in teXt)]] (sets up custom characters to show raster image in text mode)
* [[RIPscrip]] (or RIPscript)
* [[Semi-Graphic logos Editor]]
* [[sMAUG ANSI Executable]]
* [[TheDraw COM File]]
* [[TheDraw Save File]] (.td)
* [[TUNDRA]] (.tnd)
* [[XBIN]] (.xb)

== Colors ==
(Profiles, color spaces, [[palettes]], swatches)
* [[Adobe RGB (1998)]]
* [[Adobe Swatch Exchange]] (.ase)
* [[Atari ST color palette]]
* [[Color Exchange Format]] (.cxf)
* [[Color format]]
* [[Commodore 64 color palette]]
* [[DAT (Build Engine Palette)]]
* [[DNG camera profile]]
* [[Dr. Halo PAL]]
* [[GIMP Palette]]
* [[ICC profile]]
* [[PAL (Dark Reign)]]
* [[Photoshop Curve]]
* [[Photoshop Transfer Function]]
* [[RIFF Palette File]]
* [[sRGB]]
* [[Web-safe colors]]
* [[YUV]]
* [[Look-up Tables]]
** [[Apple Color 3D LUT]] (.mga)
** [[AutoDesk 3D LUT]] (.3dl)
** [[Common LUT Format]] (.clf)
** [[cineSpace LUT]] (.csp)
** [[LUTS]] Look-up Tables (.cube)
** [[SPI LUT]] (.spi1d, .spi3d)

== Compression ==

Graphics compression algorithms, special-purpose compressed graphics formats, etc.

See also [[Compression]], for general-purpose algorithms.

* [[Brunsli]]
* [[CCITT Group 3]]
* [[CCITT Group 4]]
* [[DCT compression]] (e.g. lossy [[JPEG]])
* [[Genus Graphics Library]]
* [[GIFBLAST]] (.gfb)
* [[Gifpress]] (.gps)
* [[ImageZero]]
* [[JBIG]]
* [[JBIG2]]
* [[JPEG]]
* [[JPEG 2000 codestream]]
* [[JPEG-LS]]
* [[Lepton]]
* [[LOCO-I]] (Low Complexity Lossless Compression for Images)
* [[MAG (GIF archiver)]]
* [[Mixed Raster Content]] (MRC, T.44)
* [[Modified Huffman]]
* [[Modified Modified READ]]
* [[Modified READ]]
* [[NeXT 2-bit RLE]]
* [[PackBits]]
* [[packJPG]] (.pjg)
* [[packPNM]] (.ppn)
* [[PKP]]
* [[Rawzor]]
* [[RK Image]] (.rki)
* [[Run-length colour encoding]] (T.45)
* [[Run-length encoding]]
* [[StuffIt Image Format]] (SIF)
* [[ThunderScan compression]]
* [[UHIC]]
* [[Wavelet compression]]

== Icon, Cursor, and Avatar files ==
(Formats often used for icons, cursors, avatars, thumbnails, etc.)

* [[Amiga Workbench icon]] (.info)
* [[AMOS Icon Bank]]
* [[Windows Animated Cursor|ANI (Windows Animated Cursor)]]
* [[Apple File and App Icons]]
* [[CompuLog]]
* [[CUR]] (Microsoft Windows cursors)
** [[Windows 1.0 Cursor]]
* [[CursorFX]]
* [[CursorXP]]
* [[DEGAS Elite icon]] (.icn)
* [[EPOC AIF]]
* [[Favicon]]
* [[Foto-Mosaic-Edda Database]]
* [[GEM resource file]] (.rsc)
* [[GlowIcons]]
* [[Graphic Workshop Thumbnail]] (.thn)
* [[Haiku Vector Icon Format]]
* [[HP 100LX/200LX icon]] (.icn)
* [[HTA (Hemera)]]
* [[ICDRAW icon]]
* [[ICN (FM Towns)]]
* [[ICNS]] (Apple/Macintosh Icon)
* [[ICO]] (Microsoft Windows icons)
** [[Windows 1.0 Icon]]
* [[Icon Heaven library]] (.fim)
* [[The Icon Librarian|Icon Librarian, The]]
* [[Icon library]]
** [[Icon library (Easy Icons)]] (.icl)
** [[Icon library (hDC Icon Designer)]] (.il)
** [[Icon library (Impact Software)]] (.icl)
** [[Icon library (Norton Icon Editor)]] (.nil)
* [[Icon Manager icon archive]] (.ica)
* [[IconPackager]] (.zip, .iptheme, .ip, .iconpackager)
* [[IconVG]] (.ivg)
* [[Ikon|Ikon (Bell Labs)]]
* [[Image Gallery (Alchemy Mindworks)]] (.gal)
* [[Imageiio/imaginfo (Ulead)]] (.pe3, .pe4)
* [[Image Librarian]] (.ril)
* [[iThmb]] (iOS thumbnail images)
* [[Lotus Smart Icon]] (.smi)
* [[Magic Desk icon]] (.icn)
* [[Micrografx Icon]] (.icn)
* [[MonkeyLogo]]
* [[MTN]] (Monu-CAD thumbnail) (.mtn)
* [[NeoDesk icon]] (.nic)
* [[NewIcons]]
* [[Nokia Group Graphic]] (.ngg)
* [[Nokia Logo Manager bitmap‎]] (.nlm)
* [[Nokia Operator Logo]] (.nol)
* [[Nokia Picture Message]] (.npm)
* [[Nokia Startup Logo]] (.nsl)
* [[OLPC 565]]
* [[OS/2 Icon]]
* [[OS/2 Pointer]] (.ptr)
* [[PaintShop Pro Browser Cache]] (pspbrwse.jbf)
* [[Photoshop Thumbnail Cache]]
* [[Picture Catalog (Spinnaker .CAT)]]
* [[PixFolio catalog]]
* [[Portfolio catalog]]
* [[PowerAlbum]]
* [[RIPscrip Icon]] (RIPterm Image, .icn)
* [[Sony Mavica 411]]
* [[SRF (Garmin vehicle)]]
* [[Sun icon]]
* [[SuperJPG thumbnail cache]] (superjpg.tnc)
* [[Template Catalog (Spinnaker .TCT)]]
* [[ThumbsPlus database]]
* [[ToyBox icon]]
* [[Windows thumbnail cache]] (Thumbs.db)
* [[Xbox Live Avatar]]
* [[Xcursor]]
* [[X-Face]]
* [[XV thumbnail]]
* [[ZoomBrowser Ex thumbnail cache]] (ZbThumbnail.info)

== Metadata Formats ==

* [[AFCP]]
* [[Exif]]
* [[IPTC-IIM]] (or NAA)
* [[IPTC Photo Metadata]]
* [[MakerNote]]
* [[MIX (metadata)|MIX]]
* [[net.CyberCards]]
* [[Photoshop Image Resources]]
* [[SAUCE]]
* [[XMP]]

== Online/Networked Formats ==
(while any image format can be used online and through a network, these are specifically designed to be accessed remotely via an API)
* [[IIIF|IIIF – The International Image Interoperability Framework]]

== Programming languages ==
(Graphic-specific programming languages; see [[Programming Languages]] for general languages)

* [[Anim8or Scripting Language]]
* [[Blitz3D]]
* [[CEEMAC]]
* [[High Level Shading Language]] (HLSL) (uses byte array header files)
* [[OpenGL Shading Language]] (GLSL)
* [[PostScript]]
* [[Processing]]
* [[RenderWare object]] (.rwx)
* [[SCODL]]

== Raster Graphics Formats ==

* [[AAI]] (Dune image)
* [[ABC (LEADTOOLS)]] (Advanced Bitonal Compression)
* [[Abekas YUV]] (.yuv) (Diskus and Quantel QNV varieties of YUV files are apparently similar)
* [[Ability Office PhotoPaint]] (.apx)
* [[ACDSee Image]] (.apd, .acdc)
* [[Acorn Sprite]]
* [[ADEX IMG]]
* [[ADRG]]
* [[Advanced Art Studio]]
* [[Affinity Photo]] (.afphoto)
* [[AFLI-Editor]]
* [[AIPD]]
* [[Alias PIX]]
* [[Alpha Microsystems BMP]]
* [[Amber ARR Bitmap Image]]
* [[Amica Paint]]
* [[AMOS Picture Bank]]
* [[AMOS Sprite Bank]]
* [[Analyze AVW]]
* [[Animator PIC/CEL]]
* [[Animator Pro PIC]]
* [[Anime 4ever slideshow]]
* [[ANSI 379]]
* [[ANSI 381]]
* [[AP*]]
* [[Apac3 APP]]
* [[Aperio SVS]]
* [[Apple volume label image]]
* [[Applixware Bitmap]]
* [[Adaptive Prediction Trees|APT]]
* [[ARF (Axon Raw Format)]]
* [[ARN (Astronomical Research Network)]]
* [[ART (AOL compressed image)]]
* [[ART (PFS: First Publisher)]]
* [[Art Director]]
* [[ArtMaster88]]
* [[Async Professional Fax]] (.apf)
* [[AtariCAD]] (.drg)
* [[AtariGraphics]]
* [[Atari Graphics Studio]]
* [[Atari Interlaced Studio]]
* [[AtariTools-800]]
* [[ATR (ZX Spectrum)]]
* [[Augmented PFM]]
* [[AVIF]]
* [[AVS X image]]
* [[Award BIOS logo]]
* [[AWD (Artweaver)]]
* [[AWD (At Work Document)]]
* [[BBC Micro mode image]]
* [[BCIF]]
* [[BEF]]
* [[BFLI]]
* [[BGI image]]
* [[BIF (byLight)]]
* [[BIF (Image Alchemy)]]
* [[BigTIFF]]
* [[BioRad confocal image]]
* [[Blazing Paddles]] (.pi, .wnd)
* [[BLP]]
* [[BMF (Dmitry Shkarin)]]
* [[BMG (Bert's Coloring Programs)]]
* [[BMI (Zoner)]]
* [[BMP]] (Windows BMP and OS/2 BMP)
* [[Bob ray tracer bitmap]]
* [[Border Screen]]
* [[BPG]]
* [[BRender PIX]]
* [[BRUHIFF]]
* [[BSAVE Image]]
* [[BSB]] (BSB/KAP)
* [[BSP (ZX Spectrum)]]
* [[BTPC]]
* [[Bugbiter APAC239i]]
* [[CADRG]]
* [[Calamus Raster Graphic]] (.crg)
* [[CALS raster]]
* [[Casio CAM]] (.cam)
* [[Canvas (Atari)‎]] (.cpt, .cnv)
* [[Cartesian Perceptual Compression]] (CPC)
* [[CD5]] (Chasys Draw)
* [[CD-I IFF IMAG]]
* [[CDU-Paint]]
* [[Centauri Logo Editor]]
* [[CgBI]]
* [[CH$]]
* [[Champions' Interlace]]
* [[CharPad‎]]
* [[Cheese]] (.che)
* [[Cineon]]
* [[Cisco IP Phone image]]
* [[Clear (RISC OS graphics format)|Clear]]
* [[Cloé picture]]
* [[CMP]]
* [[CMU Andrew Toolkit image]] (.cmu)
* [[CMU Window Manager bitmap]]
* [[COKE (Atari Falcon)]]
* [[ColoRIX]] (RIX)
* [[Color RLE]]
* [[ColorViewSquash]] (.rgb)
* [[C.O.L.R. Object Editor]]
* [[Command Simulations ILBM]]
* [[CompuServe RLE]]
* [[ComputerEyes]]
* [[Corel Photo House]] (.cps)
* [[Corel Photo-Paint image]] (.cpt)
* [[Corel Wavelet]] (.wi)
* [[CPA (PRISM)]]
* [[CPI (ColorLab)]]
* [[Crack Art]] (.ca1, .ca2, .ca3)
* [[CUPS Raster]]
* [[CUT (Amstrad)]]
* [[Cyber Paint Cell]]
* [[Dali]]
* [[DataShow GRA]]
* [[DataShow Sprite]]
* [[DaVinci]]
* [[DCS]] (Desktop Color Separation)
* [[DCT (Crash Barrier)]]
* [[DCX]] (ZSoft IBM PC multi-page Paintbrush)
* [[DEGAS Elite brush]]
* [[DEGAS image]] (.pi1, .pi2, .pi3, .pc1, .pc2, .pc3)
* [[DelmPaint]]
* [[DeskMate Paint]] (.pnt)
* [[DeskPic]]
* [[DESR VFF]]
* [[Dexxa TIFF]]
* [[DGI (Digi-Pic)]]
* [[D-GRAPH]]
* [[DICOM]] (.dcm)
* [[Diddle sketch]]
* [[DiddleBug sketch]]
* [[Digi Paint]]
* [[DIN]]
* [[DirectDraw Surface]] (.dds)
* [[DjVu]]
* [[DM2]]
* [[DM3]]
* [[DM4]]
* [[DNG]]
* [[Doodle (Atari)]] (.doo)
* [[Doodle! (C64)]] (.dd, .jj)
* [[Doré Raster]]
* [[DPX]] (SMTPE DPX)
* [[Draw256]] (.vga)
* [[DrawIt (Atari)]]
* [[Drazlace]]
* [[Drazpaint]] (.drz, .drp)
* [[Dr. Halo CUT]]
* [[Dr. Halo PIC]]
* [[DuneGraph]]
* [[DUO]]
* [[DVI]] (Intel DVI, Digital Video Interface, Intel Real-Time Video)
* [[DXP (image format)|DXP]]
* [[ECI Graphic Editor]]
* [[Eclipse TILE]]
* [[ECW]] (Enhanced Compression Wavelet)
* [[EggPaint]] (.trp)
* [[Elecard Wavelet Image]] (.wlt)
* [[Enhanced Simplex]] (.esm)
* [[Envision]]
* [[EPOC MBM]] (Symbian Multibitmap)
* [[EPOC Sketch]]
* [[EPSILON]]
* [[Epson Printer Bitmaps]]
* [[ERDAS Imagine IMG]]
* [[ERDAS LAN/GIS]]
* [[ERI (Lashade Entis)]]
* [[ER Mapper Raster]] (.ers)
* [[Esm Software PIX]]
* [[Extended DEGAS image]]
* [[EZ-Art Professional]]
* [[Face Painter]] (.fpt, .fcp)
* [[FaceSaver]]
* [[Falcon True Color]] (.ftc)
* [[farbfeld]]
* [[Fastgraph Pixel Run Format]]
* [[FastSpr sprite file]]
* [[FAXX]] (IFF-FAXX)
* [[FBM image]] (Fuzzy Bitmap)
* [[FFLI]]
* [[FIASCO]]
* [[FIF (Fractal Image Format)]]
* [[Fireworks PNG]] (Adobe)
* [[FL32 (FilmLight)]]
* [[FlashPix]] (.fpx)
* [[Flexible Image Transport System]] (FITS)
* [[Flexible Line Interpretation]] (FLI)
* [[FLIF]]
* [[FLI Graph]]
* [[FLIP]]
* [[FLI Profi]]
* [[Floor Designer]]
* [[FMAC2COM]]
* [[FONTASY graphics]]
* [[FRA (Fractint)]]
* [[Freedom of Press]]
* [[FSH (EA Sports)]]
* [[FUIF]]
* [[Fullscreen Construction Kit]]
* [[Funpaint]]
* [[Fun with Art]]
* [[G9B]]
* [[GAF (Total Annihilation)]]
* [[GD image format]]
* [[GD2 image format]]
* [[GED]]
* [[GEM Raster]] (.img)
* [[GEM-View Dither‎]]
* [[Gephard Hires Graphics]]
* [[geoPaint]]
* [[GeoTIFF]]
* [[GFA Artist]] (.art)
* [[GIF]] (Graphics Interchange Format)
* [[GIFEXE]]
* [[Giga Cad]]
* [[Gigascreen]]
* [[GIMP Animated Brush]] (.gih)
* [[GIMP Brush]] (.gbr)
* [[GIMP Pattern]] (.pat)
* [[GLE]]
* [[GoDot]] (.4bt)
* [[GodPaint]] (.god)
* [[GR*]]
* [[GRABBER]]
* [[Graph2Font]]
* [[Graphics Processor]]
* [[Graphic Workshop self-displaying picture]]
* [[Graph Saurus]]
* [[Grass' Slideshow]]
* [[GrayPaint]]
* [[GRF (Amstrad)]]
* [[GRFX]]
* [[GRIB]] (Gridded Binary)
* [[GROB]]
* [[Gunpaint]]
* [[GX1]]
* [[GX2]]
* [[Hard Interlace Picture]]
* [[HCI]]
* [[HEIF]]
* [[Hemera Photo-Object]]
* [[Hi-Eddi]] (.hed)
* [[Hi-Pic Creator]] (.hpc)
* [[hipix]]
* [[HIPS]]
* [[Hires-Bitmap]]
* [[Hires FLI Designer]]
* [[Hires Interlace]]
* [[Hires Manager]]
* [[HiRes Player Missile]]
* [[HLR]]
* [[HMR]] (Bentley Systems bitmap file, connected in some way to GeoTIFF)
* [[HP Paintjet]]
* [[HP Photo Album]]
* [[HR (TRS-80)]] (.hr)
* [[HRU]]
* [[HS2 (POSTERING)|HS2]]
* [[HSI JPEG]]
* [[HSI Raw]]
* [[HTC splashscreen]] (also known as NB format)
* [[IBM Audio Visual Connection (AVC) Still Video Image]]
* [[IBM KIPS bitmap]]
* [[ICE (Atari)]]
* [[ICR (NCSA Telnet)]]
* [[IFF-DEEP]]
* [[ILBM]] (IFF, LBM, HAM, ACBM, etc.)
* [[Image Cytometry Standard]] (.ics)
* [[Image Exchange Format]]
* [[Image System]]
* [[ImageWise Picture]]
* [[Imagic Film/Picture]] (Atari ST)
* [[IMG/HDR]] (Analyze 7.5)
* [[IMG Scan]]
* [[Img Software Set]]
* [[ImgStar]]
* [[IMPACJ]] (.imj)
* [[IndyPaint]] (.tru)
* [[ING 15]]
* [[Inset PIX]]
* [[InShape IIM]]
* [[Insta360 INSP]] (.insp)
* [[INT95a]]
* [[Intergraph Raster]]
* [[Interlace Graphics Editor]]
* [[Interlace Hires Editor]]
* [[Interlace Logo Designer]]
* [[Interleaf image]]
* [[InterPainter]]
* [[IPI]]
* [[IPLab]] (Image Processing Lab)
* [[IRIS CMYK Front End Processor CT]]
* [[Island Graphics TIFF]]
* [[IWC (WaveL)]]
* [[J Wavelet Image Codec]] (.wic)
* [[J6I]] (Ricoh Digital Camera image file)
* [[JAM (compressed image)]]
* [[JAM (Disney's Aladdin)]]
* [[JBIG]]
* [[JBIG2]]
* [[JEDMICS C4]]
* [[Jeff's Image Format]]
* [[Jet Graphics Planner]]
* [[JFIF]] (JPEG File Interchange Format)
* [[JGF5 (image format)|JGF5]]
* [[JNG]] (JPEG Network Graphics)
* [[Jovian Logic VI]]
* [[JP2]] (JPEG 2000 Part 1 Annex I)
* [[JPC (LuraWave)]]
* [[JPEG]] (JPEG Interchange Format, .jpg)
* [[JPEG 360]]
* [[JPEG 2000]]
* [[JPEG 2000 codestream]] (.j2k, .j2c, .jpc)
* [[JPEG-HDR]]
* [[JPEG-LS]]
* [[JPEG Pleno]]
* [[JPEG XL]]
* [[JPEG XR]] (HD Photo)
* [[JPEG XS]]
* [[JPEG XT]]
* [[JPEGT]]
* [[JPM]] (JPEG 2000 Part 6: Compound Image Format)
* [[JPS]]
* [[JPX]] (JPEG 2000 Part 2: Extensions, .jpf)
* [[KEA]]
* [[KFX (Atari graphics format)]]
* [[KIFF]]
* [[KiSS CEL]]
* [[Koala MicroIllustrator]]
* [[KoalaPainter]] (.koa, .gg)
* [[Kolor Raw]] (.kro)
* [[Kompresor do Animatora]]
* [[KQP]]
* [[Krita]] (.kra)
* [[KSS-Paint]]
* [[KTX]]
* [[KYG]]
* [[Larka Edytor Obiekt]]
* [[LazPaint]] (.lzp)
* [[LdPic]]
* [[LERC]]
* [[LIFF]] (Openlab Layered Image File Format)
* [[Lightning Strike]] (.cod)
* [[LightWork Image]] (.lwi)
* [[Lisp Machine Bitmap‎]]
* [[Little Draw]] (.ldw)
* [[Logo-Painter]]
* [[Lossless JPEG (original)]]
* [[Lotus Manuscript graphics]] (.bit)
* [[LSM]] (Zeiss Light Speed Microscope)
* [[LSS16]]
* [[Lucasfilm picture]] (.lff)
* [[Ludek Maker]]
* [[Lumena CEL]]
* [[Lumena PIX/BPX]]
* [[LuraDocument Format]] (.ldf)
* [[LuraWave]] (LWF)
* [[MacPaint]]
* [[Mad Designer]]
* [[Mad Studio]]
* [[MAG (File Magic)]]
* [[MagicDraw]]
* [[Magic Painter]]
* [[Magick Persistent Cache]] (MPC)
* [[Mah Jongg (Nels Anderson) tile set]]
* [[Mah Jongg -V-G-A- tile set]]
* [[MAKIchan Graphics]] (.mag)
* [[Mamut]]
* [[Mapletown Network]]
* [[Marco Pixel Editor]]
* [[Maya IFF]]
* [[McPainter]]
* [[MCS]]
* [[MDA|MDA/MDP]] (MicroDesign Area/Page)
* [[MDI]] (Microsoft Office Document Imaging)
* [[MDP (FireAlpaca)|MDP]] (FireAlpaca and Medibang Paint)
* [[MegaPaint BLD]]
* [[MetaMorph Stack]] (.stk)
* [[MGR bitmap]]
* [[MIAF]]
* [[Micro Illustrator]]
* [[Microsoft Image Composer]] (.mic)
* [[MIF (MAXpaint)]]
* [[MIF (MSX)]]
* [[MIFF]] (Magick Image File Format)
* [[MIG]]
* [[Mindjongg tileset]] (.ipg)
* [[MIX (Picture It!)]]
* [[Mixed Raster Content]] (MRC, T.44)
* [[MLDF]]
* [[Mono Magic]]
* [[Movie Maker]]
* [[MPH (MonkeyPhoto)]]
* [[MRF (Monochrome Recursive Format)]]
* [[MrSID]]
* [[MSP (Microsoft Paint)]]
* [[MSX BASIC graphics]]
* [[MTV ray tracer bitmap]]
* [[MultiArtist]]
* [[Multicolor]] (Commodore 64 graphic mode)
* [[Multicolor (ZX Spectrum)]]
* [[Multi-Lace Editor]]
* [[Multi Palette Picture]] (MPP)
* [[Multi-Picture Format]] (MPO)
* [[Naïve Image Formats]] (NIE)
* [[NAS]]
* [[NASA Raster Metafile]]
* [[National Imagery Transmission Format]] (NITFS, NITF, .ntf)
* [[NEOchrome]] (.neo)
* [[NEOchrome Master]]
* [[Nero CoverDesigner]] (.ncd, .nct)
* [[Netpbm formats]] (PBM, PGM, PPM, PNM)
* [[NETPIC (Jim Tucker)|NETPIC]]
* [[The Newsroom|Newsroom, The]]
* [[NIFF (Navy Image File Format)]]
* [[NIFF (xloadimage)]]
* [[NIST IHead]] (.pct)
* [[NPZ (Npic)]]
* [[NV12]] (a YUV format)
* [[NXI]]
* [[OpenEXR]] (.exr)
* [[OpenRaster]] (.ora)
* [[OPTIKS COM image]]
* [[Oric HIRES screen]]
* [[OS/2 Bitmap Array]]
* [[OS/2 bitmap family]]
* [[OS/2 Boot Logo]]
* [[OTA bitmap]] (Nokia Over The Air, .otb)
* [[P4I]]
* [[PabloPaint]]
* [[PABX background]]
* [[Paint Magic]]
* [[Paint.NET image]] (.pdn)
* [[Painter RIFF]] (.rif)
** [[Painter PIX]] (.pix)
* [[Painter's Apprentice‎]]
* [[PaintPro]]
* [[PaintShop (Atari ST)]]
* [[PaintShop Pro]] (.psp, .jsl, .pfr, .tub)
* [[PaintTool SAI]]
* [[Paintworks]]
* [[Palette Master]]
* [[Palm bitmap]]
* [[Palm Database ImageViewer]] / FireViewer PDB (.pdb)
* [[Paradox (graphics)]]
* [[PAX (Pick Ax)]]
* [[PCIF]] (.pcf)
* [[PCO B16]]
* [[PCPaint BSAVE]]
* [[PCPaint CLP]]
* [[PCPaint PIC]] (a.k.a. Pictor)
* [[PCR image]]
* [[PCX]] (PC Paintbrush)
* [[PCX2COM]]
* [[PCX2EXE (Arminio Grgic)]]
* [[PCX2EXE (F. del Pozo)]]
* [[PCX2EXE (Mike Williams)]]
* [[PCX-to-Executable]]
* [[PDS]] (NASA Planetary Data System, .img, .imq)
* [[PDS4]]
* [[Pegasus PIC]]
* [[Pegasus PIC2]]
* [[PEP (Prediction-Encoded Pixels)]]
* [[Perfect Pix]]
* [[PFM (Portable Float Map)]]
* [[PFS (Portable Floatmap Stream)]]
* [[PGC (Portfolio Graphics Compressed)]]
* [[PGF (Portfolio Graphics)]]
* [[PGF (Progressive Graphics File)]]
* [[PGX (JPEG 2000)]]
* [[PHM]]
* [[Photo CD]] (.pcd)
* [[PhotoChrome]] (.pcs)
* PhotoDefiner
** [[Compression PhotoDefiner]] (.cpd)
** [[Graphic PhotoDefiner]] (.gpd)
** [[Joint PhotoDefiner]] (.jpd)
* [[PhotoDeluxe]] (.pdd)
* [[PhotoImpact]]
* [[PhotoParade slideshow]] (.php, .4pp)
* [[Photoshop brush]] (.abr)
* [[PhotoSuite Project]] (.pzp)
* [[Pi (image format)|Pi]]
* [[PIC (Yanagisawa)]]
* [[PIC2]]
* [[Picasso 64]] (.p64)
* [[PIC Editor (Andrei Romanov)]]
* [[PictureGear Pocket]]
* [[Picture Packer]]
* [[Picture Publisher]]
* [[PIF (Portable Image Format)]]
* [[PIK]]
* [[PIX (PIcture in teXt)]]
* [[Pixar picture]] (.pxr)
* [[PixArt]]
* [[PixelPaint (SuperMac)]]
* [[Pixel Perfect]]
* [[Pixel Studio (FileStream)]] (.ibw)
* [[Pixia]] (.pxa)
* [[PIXIT]]
* [[Pixlr document]] (*.pxd)
* [[PKI (ImgFun)]]
* [[PKM]]
* [[PL4]]
* [[Plan 9 Image]]
* [[PLD (PhotoLine)]]
* [[PM (XV image)]]
* [[PMG Designer]]
* [[PNG]] (Portable Network Graphics)
* [[PNG Plus]] (Microsoft Picture It!)
* [[Pocket PC Bitmap]] (.2bp)
* [[Portable Arbitrary Map]] (PAM)
* [[Portable Bitmap Format]] (PBF)
* [[Poser Bump Map]] (.bum)
* [[PowerGraphics]]
* [[PRF (Polychrome Recursive Format)]]
* [[Printfox bitmap]]
* [[PrintMaster]]
* [[PrintPartner]] (.gph)
* [[The Print Shop|Print Shop, The]]
* [[Print-Technik]]
* [[Prism Paint]] (.pnt)
* [[PSB]] (Adobe Photoshop, large format)
* [[PSD]] (Adobe Photoshop)
* [[PSF (PhotoStudio)]]
** [[Arcsoft Album/Slide Show]]
* [[Psion PIC]]
* [[PTG]] (ArtRage)
* [[Public Painter]]
* [[Puma Street Soccer PPM]]
* [[Puzzle image (X11)]]
* [[PVR Texture]]
* [[PWC (Piecewise-Constant Image Model)]]
* [[PWG Raster]]
* [[PXM (Pixelmator)]]
* [[Q0]]
* [[QDV (Giffer)]]
* [[QOIR]]
* [[QRT Ray Tracer bitmap]]
* [[QTIF]] (QuickTime image file, .qif)
* [[QTL]] (YUV SECAM or PAL image)
* [[Quake 2 Texture]] (.wal)
* [[Quantel VPB image]]
* [[QuantumPaint]] (.pbx)
* [[Quite OK Image Format]] (.qoi)
* [[Radiance HDR]] (RGBE, XYZE, .hdr, .pic)
* [[RAG-D]]
* [[Rainbow Painter]]
* [[RAMbrandt]]
* [[Raster Master RAW]]
* [[Raw bitmap]]
* [[RDIB]]
* [[REKO Cardset]]
* [[Rembrandt]]
* [[RGB Intermediate Format]]
* [[RGFX]]
* [[RLA]] (Wavefront)
* [[RLI]] (RealWorld)
* [[Rocky Interlace Picture]]
* [[RUN Paint]]
* [[SAMAR Hires Interlace]]
* [[SAM Coupé Mode 4]]
* [[Saracen Paint]] (.sar)
* [[SBIG CCDOPS image]]
* [[Scitex CT]]
* [[SCR (ZX Spectrum)]]
* [[ScreenShot Hack]]
* [[Seattle FilmWorks]] (.sfw, .pwp)
* [[Secret Photos puzzle]] (.xp0)
* [[Segmented Hypergraphics]] (.shg, .mrb)
* [[Separations output format]]
* [[Serif PhotoPlus]] (.spp)
* [[SGI (image file format)|SGI]] (IRIS, RGB)
* [[SGX]] (SView Graphics, SuperView Graphics)
* [[SHP (Loadstar)]]
* [[Signum! Compressed Image (IMC)]]
* [[SIMIS]] (.ace)[https://james-ross.co.uk/weblog/2010/04/09/01]
* [[Sinbad Slideshow]]
* [[Sinclair QL screen]]
* [[Sixel]]
* [[Sketch-PadDles]]
* [[SlideShow for VBXE]]
* [[Slow-scan television]] (.hrz)
* [[Softimage PIC]]
* [[Somera Graphic Format]]
* [[Sony PictureGear Studio]]
* [[Spaceward Graphics]] / Satori (.r, .rir)
* [[Spectrum 512 Extended‎]] (.spx)
* [[Spectrum 512 formats]] (.spu, .spc, .sps)
* [[SPIF]]
* [[SPIFF]] (Still Picture Interchange File Format)
* [[Spooky Sprites]]
* [[Sprite Master]]
* [[SpritePad]]
* [[STAD PAC]]
* [[Standard Archive Format]] (military missile data format that includes images among other data)
* [[Standard Graphics 3 (Atari)]]
* [[Starbase bitmap file‎]]
* [[Star Painter‎]]
* [[STiNG]] (.stn)
* [[STL (ZX Spectrum)]]
* [[Stop Press Canvas]]
* [[Storyboard PIC/CAP]]
* [[STOS memory bank]] (.mbk)
* [[Structured Fax File]] (.sff)
* [[Sun Raster]] (.ras, .sun)
* [[Sun TAAC image]]
* [[Super IRG]]
* [[SXG (ZX Spectrum)]]
* [[Syberia Texture]] (.syj)
* [[SymbOS graphic]] (.sgx)
* [[Synthetic Arts]]
* [[Synu]] (Synthetic Universe)
* [[TAP (Tencent)]]
* [[Taquart Interlace Picture]]
* [[TealPaint]]
* [[Technicolor Dream]]
* [[TelePaint/Splash graphics]] (.ss)
* [[Texture Maker0]]
* [[TG4 (Image Machines)]]
* [[TGA]] (Truevision Targa image)
* [[TIFF]] (Tagged Image File Format)
* [[TIFF/EP]]
* [[TIFF-FX]]
* [[TIFF/IT]]
* [[TilePic]]
* [[Tilez texture]]
* [[TIM (PlayStation graphics)]]
* [[TIM2]]
* [[Tiny Stuff]]
* [[TI picture file]]
* [[Title-Maker]]
* [[TkImg RAW]]
* [[TLG (KiriKiri)|TLG]] (associated with [[KiriKiri Adventure Game System]])
* [[Tobias Richter Fullscreen Slideshow]] (.pci)
* [[Tricolor RGB]]
* [[True Paint I]]
* [[Trzmiel]]
* [[TXS]]
* [[Unirast]] (Apple AirPrint)
* [[UPX/TPX (Photo Express)]]
* [[Utah RLE]]
* [[Valve Texture Format]] (.vtf)
* [[VBM (VDC BitMap)]]
* [[VEGX]]
* [[VertiZontal Interlacing]]
* [[Verity Image]] (.vif)
* [[V.Flash PTX]]
* [[VGAPaint 386 COM Program]]
* [[VGAPaint 386 PCX Self-Extracting Picture]]
* [[VICAR]]
* [[Vidcom 64]] (.vid)
* [[VIFF]] (Khoros Visualization, .xv)
* [[VIPS]] (.v)
* [[Vidig Paint]]
* [[Vista data file]]
* [[VITec]]
* [[Vivid IMG]]
* [[VORT file]]
* [[WBMP]] (Wireless Bitmap)
* [[WebP]]
* [[WebP 2]]
* [[Webshots picture]] (.wbz, .wb1, .wbd, .wbc, .wbp)
* [[WGT Block]]
* [[WGT Sprite]]
* [[WhyPic]] (.ypc)
* [[Wigmore Artist 64]]
* [[Windows clipboard]] (.clp)
* [[Windows DDB]]
* [[WinFax Fax Image]]
* [[WinFax Cover Page]]
* [[WinMiPS]]
* [[Winzle Puzzle]]
* [[Wiz Solitaire]]
* [[WLM]] (also known as CompW)
* [[WOBA]] (bitmap data extracted from a [[HyperCard stack]])
* [[Word for DOS screen capture]] (.scr)
* [[WPB (openCanvas)]]
* [[WSQ]]
* [[XBM]] (X BitMap)
* [[XCF]] (GIMP image)
* [[Xerox Doodle brush]]
* [[Xerox EDMICS-MMR]]
* [[Xerox EDMICS-RLC]]
* [[XGA (Falcon)]]
* [[XIFF]]
* [[Xim]]
* [[XLD4]] (.q4)
* [[XL-Paint]]
* [[XPM]] (X PixMap)
* [[XWD]] (X Window Dump)
* [[XYZ (RPG Maker)]]
* [[xRes]] (.lrg)
* [[YBM]] (Bennet Yee's face format)
* [[Young Picasso]] (.yp)
* [[Zeiss BIVAS]]
* [[Zoomify PFF]]
* [[Zoomify ZIF]]
* [[Zpng]]
* [[ZX-Paintbrush]]
* [[ZXpaintyONE‎]]
* [[ZZ ROUGH]]

== Skins / Themes ==
''(Used to give custom styles, appearances, and themes to software; might be bundled with [[#Icon, Cursor, and Avatar files|Icon, Cursor, and Avatar files]] consistent with the theme)''
* [[BootSkin Vista]]
* [[BootSkin XP]]
* [[eRocket Skin]] (.skn)
* [[Huawei Theme]] (.hwt)
* [[Microsoft Comic Chat]]
* [[Nokia Theme]] (.nth)
* [[Pocket PC Theme]] (.tsk)
* [[Sony Ericsson Theme]] (.thm)
* [[Stardock Tiles Skin]]
* [[Winamp Skin]]
* [[Windows Media Player Skin Package]] (.wmz)
* [[Winstep Xtreme theme]]
** [[Winstep Workshelf theme]]
** [[Nextstart theme]]

== Software ==
''(Applications, utilities, libraries, and APIs for graphic manipulation)''

Refer to [[Graphics software]].

== Vector Graphics Formats ==
''(Including most "metafile" formats. Vector formats often support embedded raster images, and other objects that aren't actually vectors.)''

* [[2DL]] (ARCHICAD 2D Lines)
* [[Acorn Draw]]
* [[Adobe Illustrator Artwork]] (.ai)
* [[Adobe Illustrator Exchange]] (.aix)
* [[Affinity Designer]] (.afdesign)
* [[Amiga Metafile]] (.amf)
* [[AniST]] (.scr, .str)
* [[Applixware Graphics]]
* [[ArtPro]] (.ap)
* [[Arts & Letters clip art library]] (.yal)
* [[Arts & Letters graphics file]] (.ged)
* [[ArtWorks]]
* [[AutoCAD Slide]]
* [[AutoCAD Slide Library]]
* [[AutoSketch]] (.skd)
* [[Calamus Vector Graphic]] (.cvg)
* [[CCX (Corel)]]
* [[CGM]] (Computer Graphics Metafile)
* [[CMX]] (Corel Presentation Exchange)
* [[CorelChart]] (.cch)
* [[Corel Designer]] (.des)
* [[CorelDRAW]] (.cdr, .cdx, .cdt)
* [[Corel Gallery]] (.bmf)
* [[CorelMOSAIC library]] (.clb, .clh)
* [[DataDiagrammingML]] (Microsoft XML-based format)
* [[DeskMate Draw]] (.fig)
* [[Dia]]
* [[DR2D]]
* [[DrawingML]] (Microsoft embedded graphics in XML Office formats)
* [[DrawIt]]
* [[DrawPlus]]
* [[DrawStudio]] (Amiga)
* [[DRAWX Vector Graphics]] (.vec)
* [[Embedded Vector Editor]] (.eve)
* [[Encapsulated PostScript]] (.eps, .epsf, .epsi)
* [[Enhanced Metafile]] (.emf)
* [[ER Mapper Vector]] (.erv)
* [[Expression Design]] (.xpr, .design)
* [[Fig]] (Xfig format)
* [[FreeHand]] (Aldus/Adobe)
* [[FXG]]
* [[GEM VDI Metafile]] (GEM Vector, VDI, .GDI)
* [[Gerber format]] (used in printed circuit design)
* [[The Graphics Magician Picture Painter|Graphics Magician Picture Painter, The]]
* [[GraphicConverter format]] (.gcimgd)
* [[GST ART]] (.art)
* [[Haiku Vector Icon Format]]
* [[Harvard Graphics]]
** [[Harvard Montage]]
* [[IconVG]]
* [[IDW (IntelliDraw)]]
* [[In-A-Vision]] (.pic)
* [[Jigwin piece template]] (.asc)
* [[KwikDraw]] (.kwk)
* [[LEONARD's Sketch]]
* [[Lotus 1-2-3 Chart]] (.pic)
* [[MacDraw]] (later ClarisDraw)
* [[Mayura Draw]] (.md, .pdx)
* [[mDraw (S. Mike Dierken)]]
* [[Micrografx Draw]]
* [[Microsoft Office Drawing]]
* [[Microsoft Chart]]
* [[MIX (PhotoDraw)]]
* [[MVG]]
* [[MyDraw]] (.ndx, .ndb, .ndtx, .nlx, .nlb)
* [[NAPLPS]] (North American Presentation Layer Protocol Syntax)
* [[NeoDraw]]
* [[NetMeeting Whiteboard]]
* [[Notability]]
* [[ObjectGraphics OGL]]
* [[OpenDocument Drawing]] (.odg)
* [[PDL (Trionum)]]
* [[Picroma Plasma]]
* [[PICT]] (Macintosh graphics)
* [[Pixie (vector graphics)|Pixie]] (.pxi)
* [[PLOT-10]] (Tektronix)
* [[Precision Graphics Markup Language]] (PGML)
* [[Presentation Manager Metafile]] (MET)
* [[Print Artist]] (.gfx) (also known as Instant Artist)
* [[Professional Draw]]
* [[ProShape]]
* [[PWDraw]]
* Satori Canvas (.cvs) - See [[Spaceward Graphics]]
* [[Scalable Vector Graphics]] (SVG)
* [[SDA (StarOffice)]]
* [[SDW (AmiDraw)]]
* [[Shapefile]]
* [[Simple Vector Format]] (SVF)
* [[sK1]]
* [[Skencil SK]]
* [[Sketch]]
* [[SXD]]
* [[Sxz]] (hybrid vector/raster)
* [[TIFF annotation data]]
* [[TinyVG]]
* [[Top Draw]] (.tdr)
* [[UNIX Plot Format]]
* [[Visio]] (.vsd, .vss, .vst)
* [[VML]] (Vector Markup Language)
* [[Windows Metafile]] (.wmf)
* [[WinDraw (John D. Keene)]]
* [[WordPerfect Graphics]] (.wpg)
* [[Xar (vector graphics)|Xar]] (Flare)
* [[XVT-Draw]]
* [[ZBR (Zoner Zebra)]]
* [[ZMF (Zoner)]]
See also:
* [[3D and CAD/CAM Models]]
* [[Diagramming and flowcharting]]
* [[Machine Embroidery]]

== Miscellaneous or Uncategorized ==
''(Formats which don't fit into another category, or still need to be categorized)''

* [[AAE sidecar format]] (Apple iOS 8 / OS X Yosemite)
* [[ABBYY Finereader]]
* [[Adobe Acrobat Capture]] (.acd)
* [[Anaglyph 3D format]]
* [[Aperture library]]
* [[Apple Preferred]] (APF)
* [[ART (Build Engine ART)]]
* [[BodyPaint 3D]] (Maxon: .b3d)
* [[Chyron]]
* Deep Zoom
** [[Deep Zoom image]] (.dzi)
** [[Smart Zoom Image]] (.szi)
* [[DeltaVision]] (medical microscopy format)
* [[Fineprint]] (.fp)
* [[Garc archive]]
* [[HDF]] (Hierarchical Data Format)
* [[ImageLab/PrintTechnic]]
* [[Kai's Power Tools]]
* [[kitty graphics protocol]] [https://sw.kovidgoyal.net/kitty/graphics-protocol/]
* [[KONTRON]] (embedded-systems company; apparently has graphic format of its own)
* [[Liberty IM]]
* [[Lightroom catalog]] (.lrcat)
* [[Manga Studio]]
* [[Media Pro]] (.ivc, .mpcatalog)
* [[MonkeyCard]]
* [[NeatReceipts]] (.nrx, .nrf, .nrt)
* [[Nintendo Wii TPL]]
* [[Nova AEX]] (.aex)
* [[OmniForm]]
* [[OmniPage]]
* [[PaperPort (MAX)]]
* [[Piskel canvas]]
* [[QDV (Random Dot Software)]]
* [[RMC]]
* [[Second Nature Screensaver Graphic]] (.snx)
* [[Shoot 'Em Up Construction Kit]]
* [[StarOffice Gallery]]
* [[StartupScreen]] (Macintosh SCRN, .scrn?)
* [[tldraw]] (.tldr)
* [[Turbo Rascal Syntax Error]]

==Links and Resources==
* [[Encyclopedia of Graphics File Formats]]
* [http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/01/the-never-before-told-story-of-the-worlds-first-computer-art-its-a-sexy-dame/267439/ World's first computer art (1950s pinup image)]
* [http://www.wired.com/underwire/2013/05/star-trek-art-atoms-ibm Art created with atoms]
* [http://www.textfiles.com/programming/FORMATS/xga.pro XGA: A New Graphics Standard]
* [http://www.jagregory.com/abrash-black-book/ Michael Abrash’s Graphics Programming Black Book, Special Edition]
* [http://www.squarespace.com/logo Squarespace logo designer tool] (Want a logo for a silly dot-com company you're starting? Create one here!)
* [http://freshome.com/2014/02/27/unconventional-pixel-furniture-adding-intrigue-modern-rooms/ Unconventional Pixel Furniture Adding Intrigue to Modern Rooms]
* [http://skeptools.wordpress.com/2014/03/03/viral-photos-debunked-animal-rights-google-tineye-image-search/ See how to debunk viral photos in seconds using image search]
* [http://boingboing.net/2014/03/12/gettys-free-image-embedding.html Getty's free image embedding comes at a price]
* [http://addyosmani.com/blog/image-optimization-tools/ Image optimization tools]
* [http://www.loc.gov/preservation/resources/rfs/stillimg.html Library of Congress Recommended Format Specifications: Still Image Works]
* [http://www.historyofinformation.com/expanded.php?id=2245 The Most Famous Image in the Early History of Computing]
* [http://ianmilligan.ca/2014/07/21/image-file-extensions-in-the-wide-web-scrape/ Image File Extensions in the Wide Web Scrape]
* [http://questionsomething.wordpress.com/2012/07/26/databending-using-audacity-effects/ Databending effects of editing images with a sound editor]
* [http://bertolami.com/index.php?engine=blog&content=posts&detail=perceptual-hashing Perceptual Hashing]
* [http://8bitartwork.co.uk/ Retrospecs: iOS app to convert images to imitate old 8-bit systems' graphics]
* [http://alvyray.com/Memos/CG/Microsoft/6_pixel.pdf A Pixel Is Not A Little Square]
* [http://literarymachin.es/deepzoom-osd-server/ Serve deepzoom images from a zip archive with openseadragon]
* [http://creativeshory.com/know-use-image-file-types-jpeg-gif-png/ Know When to Use Image File Types: JPEG, GIF & PNG]
* [http://stackoverflow.com/questions/27974945/can-we-programatically-compare-different-images-of-same-resolutions/27976171#27976171 Can we programatically compare different images of same resolutions?]
* [http://www.webdesigndev.com/freebies/best-color-palette-tools 20 Best Color Palette Tools for Web and Graphic Designers]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tfh0ytz8S0k How "oldschool" graphics worked, Part 1] · [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_rsycfDliZU Part 2] (videos)
* [http://ninedegreesbelow.com/photography/xyz-rgb.html Completely Painless Programmer's Guide to XYZ, RGB, ICC, xyY, and TRCs]
* [http://potrace.sourceforge.net/ Potrace: Transforming bitmaps into vector graphics]
* [http://cloudinary.com/blog/one_pixel_is_worth_three_thousand_words About a 1x1 image in many file formats]
* [http://tomseditor.com/ Tom's Editor: Free online image converted. About 500 formats supported]
* [http://whatis.rest7.com/ WhatIs.Rest7: Image formats explained. Lots of samples]
* [http://de77.com/find/image Image libraries for PHP: BMP, DDS, TGA, PNM, PGM, PBM]
* [http://whatis.rest7.com/Atari Lots of images from Atari]

Compression

2026-04-11T13:13:07Z

Jsummers: /* Specific file formats/programs */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|thiscat=Compression
|image=Vise.png
}}

== Stream compression formats ==

A stream format takes a stream of bytes, and outputs a different, hopefully smaller, stream of bytes. These compression formats are often used internally in other data structures to compress data, as well as in network protocols, such as http. Used stand-alone, a stream compression format does not offer archiving capability, however in the UNIX doctrine, an archiver like [[tar]] or the more archaic variant [[shar]] can be combined with an archive format to produce a proper compressed archive.

* [[gzip]] (.gz)
* [[bzip2]] (.bz2)
* [[LZ4]]
* [[LZMA Alone|LZMA_Alone]] (.lzma)
* [[pack (Unix)]] (.z)
* [[XZ]] (.xz)
* [[Zstandard]] (.zstd)
** [[Zstandard dictionary]]

== Compression algorithms and compressed data formats ==

(excluding formats usually used as file formats)

* [[Arithmetic coding]]
* [[Brotli]]
* [[Burrows–Wheeler transform]]
* [[DEFLATE]]
* [[DivANS]]
* [[EXEPACK2]]
* [[FastLZ]]
* [[Fractal compression]]
* [[HPACK (HTTP)|HPACK]] (used to compress HTTP headers)
* [[Huffman coding]]
** [[Adaptive Huffman coding]]
** [[Canonical Huffman code]]
* [[InstaCompOne]]
* [[Lempel–Ziv–Stac]] (LZS)
* [[LZ77]]
* [[LZ77 with Huffman coding]]
* [[LZ78]]
* [[LZFSE]]
* [[LZHAM]]
* [[LZMA]]
* [[LZMA2]]
* [[LZMW]]
* [[LZO]] (Lempel–Ziv–Oberhumer)
* [[LZRW]]
* [[LZSS]] (Lempel–Ziv–Storer–Szymanski)
* [[LZW]]
* [[LZX]]
** [[LZX Delta]]
* [[MSZIP]]
* [[PKWARE DCL Implode]]
* [[PPMd]]
* [[Prediction by partial matching]] (PPM)
* [[Run-length encoding]]
** [[PackBits]]
** [[RLE90]]
* [[Shannon–Fano coding]]
* [[Snappy]] (Google-created compression also used by Apple in iWork formats)
* [[zlib]]

=== Graphics compression ===
See [[Graphics#Compression]] for compression formats used primarily with graphics.

== Specific file formats/programs ==

(multi-file compressors are in [[Archiving]])

* [[9CDR]] (Amiga FileImploder Clone)
* [[ABC (Advanced Blocksorting Compressor)]]
* [[ABComp]] (.abp)
* [[Aldus LZW]]
* [[Aldus PKZP]]
* [[BARF]] (.x, .x??)
* [[BGZF]]
* [[BWTC32Key]] (.B3K)
* [[bzip]] (.bz)
* [[BZip3]] (.bz3)
* [[CAZIP]]
* [[ChiefLZ]] (.LZZ)
* [[compact (Gene Olson)]] (.W)
* [[compact (Unix)]] (.C)
* [[compress (Unix)]] (.Z)
* [[CMP (NEW-DOS)]]
* [[CORK]]
* [[CrLZH]] (.?y?)
* [[CRN]] (.crn) - compressed text files used for PC-Write manual
* [[Crunch]] (.?z?)
* [[Crunch-Mania]]
* [[DACT]]
* [[DitPack]]
* [[DUPA]] (Amiga FileImploder Clone)
* [[EBZ|EBZip]] (.ebz)
* [[EDI Install archive]]
* [[EDI Install packed file]]
* [[EDI LZSSLib]]
* [[EmmaCompress]]
* [[Error Code Modeler]] (.ecm)
* [[File Imploder]] (Amiga) (.imp)
* [[FlySpeed st/exp]]
* [[Freeze/Melt]] (Unix) (.F)
* [[Hammer (compression)|Hammer]]
* [[HAP]] (v2.x)
* [[ICE (Michael Lamanuzzi)|ICE]] (.ice, by Michael Lamanuzzi)
* [[Inflate]] (.infl) - parody format that actually increases size
* [[InstallIt!]]
* [[JAM (W. Jiang)]]
* [[The JAM Packer|JAM Packer, The]]
* [[JCalG1]] (.jc, Commodore Amiga)
* [[JFX1 (compressed file)|JFX1]]
* [[Kboom11]]
* [[Logitech Compress]]
* [[lrzip]] (.lrz)
* [[LZ5 and Lizard]]
* [[LZARI]]
* [[LZHUF]]
* [[Lzip]] (.lz)
* [[lzop]] (.lzo)
* [[LZS221]]
* [[LZSS (Haruhiko Okumura)]]
* [[LZWCOM]]
* [[LzwPak]]
* [[Microsoft KWAJ installation compression]]
* [[Microsoft SZ installation compression]]
* [[Mozilla LZ4]] (.jsonlz4)
* [[MS-DOS installation compression]] (.??_)
* [[MULTIKIT COMPRESS]]
* [[NetWare Packed File]]
* [[NOAH]]
* [[Nova Compress]]
* [[NPack]]
* [[NRV (Not Really Vanished)]]
* [[Oodle Data Compression]]
* [[PGNPack]]
* [[PowerPacker]] (.pp)
* [[PPMZ]]
* [[PPMZ2]]
* [[Pro-Pack]]
* [[PUT and GET (Scott Jennings)]]
* [[Quasijarus Strong Compression]]
* [[RAC]]
* [[Reduq]]
* [[RKUC]]
* [[rzip]] (.rz)
* [[S2]] (.s2, .snappy)
* [[SCO compress LZH]]
* [[SEMONE]] (.one)
* [[sfArk]]
* [[SFDN Packer]]
* [[SFPack]]
* [[SHARC]] (density)
* [[Softdisk Text Compressor]] (.ctx)
* [[Splint]]
* [[SQ2]]
* [[Squash (RISC OS)|Squash]] - single file compression on RISC OS
* [[Squeeze|Squeeze/SQ]] (.?q?)
* [[SQUEEZE (AJP Systems)]]
* [[squeeze (Daniel Bernstein)]] (.MW)
* [[Squish (Mike Albert)]]
* [[Sunzip]] (.sz)
* [[TERSE]]
* [[Top4]]
* [[TTCOMP]]
* [[TTW]]
* [[tzip]]
* [[Tzip (Text ZIP)]]
* [[UHBC]]
* [[WWPACK]]
* [[XPK]]
* [[Yay0]]
* [[Yaz0]]
* [[zchunk]]
* [[Zoo filter format]]
* [[Zoo Z format]]
* [[ZSQ (LZW compression)]]

== Transparent file compression ==
(A mostly-obsolete technique in which a background process hooks into the OS and decompresses files transparently when they are read. ''Compression'' might be done manually. The line between this and ''Disk compression'' can be blurry.)

* [[AFX (Atari ST)]]
* [[CFS (Computer Concepts Compression)]]
* [[DIET (compression)|DIET]]
* [[Diet Disk]]
* [[DiskDoubler]]
* [[Pack-Ice]]
* [[SLIM (Dominic Herity)|SLIM]]
* [[Turbo Packer]]
* [[XPACK]]

== Disk compression ==
(Transparent disk compression software and the like, excluding filesystem formats.)

* [[DoubleDisk]]
* [[DoubleSpace and DriveSpace]]
* [[JAM (disk compression)]]
* [[Stacker]]
* [[SuperStor]]

For filesystem formats that feature compression, see [[Filesystem]] (especially [[Filesystem#Compressed filesystems]]).

== Executable compression ==

See [[Executable compression]].

== See also ==

* [[Compression and archiving software]]
* [[Compression research]]
* [[Archiving]] (for formats that place multiple files together in one file, with or without compression)
* [[Graphics#Compression|Graphics]] (for image-specific compression)
* [[Video]] (for video-specific compression)
* [[Audio and Music]] (for audio-specific compression)

== Links ==
* [http://boingboing.net/2014/03/04/data-compression-with-playing.html Data-compression with playing cards]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20201108101659/https://bestofquora.wordpress.com/2014/06/14/what-is-the-most-compressed-file-ever/ What is the most compressed file ever?]
* [https://ethw.org/History_of_Lossless_Data_Compression_Algorithms History of Lossless Data Compression Algorithms]
* [https://www.mattmahoney.net/dc/dce.html Data Compression Explained - Matt Mahoney]

JGF5 (image format)

2026-04-11T13:09:15Z

Jsummers: Created page with "{{FormatInfo |formattype=electronic |subcat=Graphics |extensions={{ext|tga}} |released=≤2002 }} '''JGF5''' is the signature of a compressed raster graphics format used in tw..."

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|tga}}
|released=≤2002
}}
'''JGF5''' is the signature of a compressed raster graphics format used in two software products by GMM Entertainment: ''Blood & Lace'', and ''All Tracks''.

For more information, see the related format [[JFX1 (compressed file)]].

== Discussion ==
Though the file extension is '''.tga''', the format does not appear to have any particular resemblance to [[TGA]].

== Identification ==
Files start with ASCII "{{magic|JGF5}}".

== Software ==
* [https://codecs.multimedia.cx/2026/01/blood-lace-unpacker/ Blood & Lace unpacker] → [https://nihav.org/bl_unpack.c bl_unpack.c]

== Sample files ==
* {{DexvertSamples|image/bloodLaceCompressedTGA}}

JFX1 (compressed file)

2026-04-11T13:06:05Z

Jsummers: Created page with "{{FormatInfo |subcat=Compression |released=≤2002 }} '''JFX1''' is the signature of a compressed file format used in two software products by GMM Entertainment: * ''Blood & L..."

{{FormatInfo
|subcat=Compression
|released=≤2002
}}
'''JFX1''' is the signature of a compressed file format used in two software products by GMM Entertainment:
* ''Blood & Lace'', a video game
* ''All Tracks'', a tech demo in the form of a racing game

GMM Entertainment was apparently a small company based in Tortona, Italy.

== Format details ==
The compression is based on [[LZHUF]].

== Identification ==
Files start with ASCII "{{magic|JFX1}}".

== Software ==
* [https://codecs.multimedia.cx/2026/01/blood-lace-unpacker/ Blood & Lace unpacker] → [https://nihav.org/bl_unpack.c bl_unpack.c]

== Sample files ==
* {{DexvertSamples|archive/bloodLaceCompressed}}

CompuShow installer format

2026-04-08T14:52:01Z

Jsummers:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Archiving
|released=≤1994
}}
'''CompuShow installer format''' is an [[MS-DOS EXE|EXE]]-based installer file for DOS.

It was used for distribution of some software by Canyon State Systems:
* CompuShow, v8.70-9.04
* CompuShow 2000, v1.03-2.04
* [[CompuLog]], v1.00-2.01

A typical filename is "CSHOWA.EXE", but note that not all files with this name use this format.

== Format details ==
The format is somewhat convoluted. The main executable part is compressed with [[PKLITE]]. The overlay segment (refer to [[MS-DOS EXE#Special file positions]]) uses a tagged format of undetermined origin. The overlay starts with ASCII "<code>FBIN</code>". The main part of the payload is an [[LHA/LHarc self-extracting archive]] contained in an item identified by "<code>FBEX</code>".

== Software ==
* {{Deark}}
* Some [[LHA#Software|LHA software]] is robust enough that it can often handle these files.

== Sample files ==
* {{CdTextfiles|arcadebbs/GIFVIEW/CSHOW73.ZIP|CSHOW73.ZIP}} → CSHOWA.EXE [This is v8.73a, with a misleading filename.]
* {{CdTextfiles|simtel/stmsdos9709/disk1/DISC1/GRAPHICS/2SHOW204.ZIP|2SHOW204.ZIP}} → 2SHOWA.EXE
* [{{SACFTPURL|graph|cmplg201.zip}} cmplg201.zip] → CMPLGA.EXE

Archiving

2026-04-08T14:38:25Z

Jsummers:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|thiscat=Archiving
|image=Magazine-files.jpg
}}
(Lossless, for generic data + file archives)

== Archiving only ==
(many files => 1 file, no compression attempted)

* [[AR]] file format (.a, .lib) -- Unix Archiver (ar) format as used by various compilers/linkers
* [[ARC (Internet Archive)]] (.arc)
* [[BagIt]]
** [[Mailbag]]
* [[BAR (Age of Mythology)]]
* [[bar]] (SunOS 4)
* [[CAR (CarComp)]]
* [[cpio]] (.cpio)
* [[DPK]]
* [[FAR (The Sims)]] (.far)
* [[Flash (Micro TECH Systems)]] (.flh)
* [[GRP (Build Engine Group Archive)]] (.grp)
* [[Hamster archive]]
* [[HMM Packfile]]
* [[HRX]]
* [[LBR]] (.lbr)
* [[LBR (Commodore)]] (.lbr)
* [[Lynx archive]] (Commodore) (.lnx)
* [[Mozilla Archive]] (.mar)
* [[Packaged Activity]] (.apk)
* [[PACKFILE (Brad Smith)]]
* [[pax]]
* [[QFC]]
* [[Quake PAK]]
* [[SAVF]]
* [[SeqBox]] (.sbx)
* [[siva]] (.siva)
* [[Tape Archive]] (.tar)
* [[TPAC (Tim Gordon)]]
* [[VIV]] (.viv, .big; used in Electronic Arts games)
* [[Webarchive (Safari)]]
* [[XMIT]]

=== Text-based ===
* [[HRA]]
* [[HRX]]

== Compression + archiving ==
(Multiple files => 1 file, makes it smaller. See [[Compression]] for formats that compress single files/streams, and [[Disk Image Formats]] for formats that capture the low-level structure of a disk)

* [[4Q]] (.4q)
* [[777]]
* [[7z]] (.7z)
* [[ACB (compressed archive)|ACB]]
* [[ACE]] (.ace)
* [[afio]]
* [[Ai Archiver]] (.ai)
* [[AIN]] (.ain)
* [[AKT]]
* [[ALZ]] (.alz) (ALZip)
* [[AMG (compressed archive)|AMG]] (AMGC)
* [[ar (Haruhiko Okumura)]]
* [[Apple Archive]] (.aar)[https://developer.apple.com/documentation/applearchive]
* [[Apple Encrypted Archive]] (.aea)[https://developer.apple.com/documentation/applearchive#3761312]
* [[AR7]]
* [[ARC (compression format)|ARC]] (PC/MS-DOS) (.arc)
* [[ARC (Commodore)]] (.arc)
* [[ARC (FreeArc)]] (.arc)
* [[ARC (Internet Archive)]] (gzipped form: .arc.gz)
* [[ArcFS]] (RISC OS) (.arc)
* [[ArcMac]]
* [[ARG]]
* [[ARHANGEL]]
* [[ARI (compressed archive)|ARI]]
* [[ARJ]]
* [[ARJZ]]
* [[ARQ]]
* [[ARX]]
* [[ASD Archiver]]
* [[Astrotite]] (.afa)
* [[B1]]
* [[B6Z]] (.b6z)
* [[BGA Archive]] (.bza, .gza)
* [[BIX]]
* [[BlakHole]] (.bh)
* [[BLINK]] (.bli)
* [[BOA Constrictor Archiver]]
* [[BRU]] - (RSX-11M backup)
* [[BSArc and BSA]]
* [[BTSPK]]
* [[Cabinet]] (.cab)
* [[CAR (SAP)|CAR]] (a SAP archive format; also see [[SAR]])
* [[CAR (MylesHi!)]]
* [[CAZIPXP]] (.caz)
* [[CFL]] (Compressed file library) (.cfl)
* [[ChArc]] (.chz)
* [[ChiefLZ]] (LZA)
* [[CMZ (archive format)|CMZ]]
* [[CODEC (Telvox)]]
* [[Compact File Set]] (.cfs)
* [[Compact Pro]] (.cpt)
* [[Compressia]] (.car)
* [[The Compressor (John Lauro)|Compressor, The (John Lauro)]]
* [[CP Shrink]] (.cpz)
* [[CRUSH]]
* [[Disk Archiver]] (.dar)
* [[DGCA]] (.dgc)
* [[Diamond]]
* [[Doom WAD]] (.wad)
* [[DRY]]
* [[DWC]] (.dwc)
* [[Dzip]] (.dz)
* [[Eazel]] (.eaz)
* [[EGG (ALZip)]] (.egg)
* [[ELI 5750]]
* [[ERI (compressed archive)|ERI]]
* [[ESP (compressed archive)|ESP]]
* [[Fold (J. Turin)]]
* [[FOXSQZ]]
* [[Freeze!]]
* [[GCA]] (.gca)
* [[Genus Graphics Library]]
* [[GFSA]] (.fa)
* [[Greenleaf ArchiveLib]]
* [[Gwtar]] (.gwtar.html)
* [[HA]] (.ha)
* [[HAP]]
* [[HIT (compressed archive)|HIT]]
* [[HKI]] (WinHKI) (.hki)
* [[HPACK (compressed archive)|HPACK]] (.hpk)
* [[HUF (CP/M)]]
* [[Hyper archive]] (.hyp)
* [[ICE (ICEOWS)]] (.ice)
* [[IMP]] (.imp)
* [[JAR (ARJ Software)]] (.j)
* [[JARCS]] (.jar)
* [[JRchive]] (.jrc)
* [[KGB Archiver]] (.kgb)
* [[Konqueror web archive]] (.war)
* [[LArc]] (.lzs)
* [[LHA]] (.lzh, .lha)
* [[LHARK]]
* [[LHice]]
* [[LIMIT]] (.lim)
* [[LZX]] (.lzx)
* [[MAFF]] (Mozilla web archive; uses ZIP for compression)
* [[MAr (Melting-Pot)]]
* [[MDCD]] (.md)
* [[Micrognosis Compression Archiver]] (MAR)
* [[MPC (Marco Czudej)]] (.mp3)
* [[MSXiE]] (.xie)
* [[MZP]]
* [[NaShrinK]] (.nsk)
* [[Now Compress]]
* [[NuFX]] / ShrinkIt (.shk)
* [[OOP]]
* [[oPAQue]]
* [[PA (PowerArchiver)]]
* [[packARC]] (.pja)
* [[Packdir]] (RISC OS)
* [[PACKER (ImagiSOFT)‎]] (The Finishing Touch)
* [[PackIt]] (.pit)
* [[PAK]] (.pak) - various formats
* [[PAK (ARC extension)]]
* [[PAKLEO]]
* [[PAQ]] (.pa6, .pa7, .pa8, others)
* [[PAQJ]] (.qar)
* [[PC-Shrink]] (.shr)
* [[PCX Library]] (.pcl)
* [[PEA]] (PeaZIP) (.pea)
* [[PerfectCompress]] (.uca)
* [[PIM]] (.pim)
* [[PKARC/PKPAK]]
* [[PLA]] (ARCHICAD Archive) (.pla)
* [[PMA]] (.pma)
* [[PPMd]]
* [[Pretty Simple Archiver]] (.psa)
* [[PUT]] (MicroFox) (.put)
* [[Quadruple D Archiver]] (.qda)
* [[Quantum compressed archive]] (.q)
* [[QuARK]] (.ark)
* [[RAR]] (.rar)
* [[RARC (Nintendo)]]
* [[RAX (compressed archive)|RAX]]
* [[RK]] (WinRK)
* [[RKIVE]] (.rkv)
* [[S7z]] (.s7z)
* [[SAR]] (a SAP archive format; also see [[CAR (SAP)|CAR]])
* [[SAR (Streamline Design)]]
* [[SARJ]] (.srj)
* [[SBX (SpinnerBaker Software)]] (.sb)
* [[Scifer]] (.sen, .ba, .xml)
* [[SKY (compressed archive)|SKY]]
* [[Slim!]]
* [[SOF (Spectrum Software)]] (RESOF)
* [[Softlib]] (Softdisk Publishing) (.slb)
* [[Spark]] (.spk)
* [[SQLite Archive]] (SQLAR)
* [[Squash ARH|Squash]] (.arh)
* [[Squeeze It]] (.sqz)
* [[SQWEZ]] 2.x (.sqz)
* [[SQX]] (.sqx)
* [[StuffIt]] (.sit)
* [[StuffIt X]] (.sitx)
* [[SuperPack]] (.spa)
* [[TBAFS]] (RISC OS)
* [[Tome]]
* [[TPK (compressed archive)|TPK]]
* [[TSComp]]
* [[UFA]]
* [[UHARC]] (.uha)
* [[UltraCompressor II]] (.uc, .uc0, .uc2, .ucn, .ur2, .ue2)
* [[VEM]] (Sony Virtual Expander)
* [[WARC]] (.warc, .warc.gz)
** [[WACZ]] (packaged warc)
* [[X (X1)]] (.x)
* [[xar (Extensible Archive)]] (.xar)
* [[Xidie archive]] (.zxc)
* [[XP3]] (.xp3) - used in [[KiriKiri Adventure Game System]]
* [[xpa32]] (.xpa)
* [[XPACK archive]] (.xpa)
* [[YAC]] (.yc)
* [[Yamazaki zipper archive]] (.yz1) - used in DeepFreezer
* [[ZAR (Zip-Archiv)]]
* [[Zet]]
* [[ZIP]] (.zip)
* [[Zipx]] (.zipx)
* [[Zoo]] (.zoo)
* [[ZPack (LeadRDRK)]]
* ZPack [Lite] (.zpk) - See [[Z/Install]]
* [[ZPAQ]]
* [[Zzip]] (.zz)

== Diff files ==
(containing only the parts of a file that have changed, so they can be applied to an existing file to update it; used for update distribution and incremental backups)

* [[ACB (compressed archive)|ACB]]
* [[binpatch (Jaap Korthals Altes)]]
* [[BinPatch (Kay Hayen)]]
* [[bsdiff]]
* [[Courgette]]
* [[diff]]
* [[dirpatch]]
* [[FidoNet nodediff]]
* [[FXPF]]
* [[GDIFF]]
* [[IPS (binary patch format)]]
* [[JSON Patch]]
* [[LDArc and LDIFF]] (.lzd)
* [[rename helper]]
* [[RTPatch]]
* [[SmartVersion]] (.svf)
* [[Unified diff]]
* [[UPS (binary patch format)]]
* [[VCDIFF]]

See also [[Wikipedia:Data differencing]].

== Versioning files ==
(contains multiple versions of files, often just saving the differences to save space)

(often a filesystem-level capability, such as ZFS and Btrfs snapshots and Windows Shadow Copy)

* [[Autodesk Vault]]
* [[SmartVersion]] (.svf)

See also [[Development#Revision_control_systems_.2F_code_repositories|Revision control systems / code repositories]]

== Encrypted or cryptographically signed archives ==
* [[DataSAFE]] (.saf, .lbx)
* [[SDN (SDN Project)]]
* [[XIP]]
* [[ZED]]

== File splitting ==
(1 file => multiple files. Most file splitting utilities just produce raw file fragments, and don't have a native file format. But some use a container format, and some create a separate "control" file for metadata.)

* [[AS/ZC (Zip Chunker)]]
* [[AUTOCHOP]]
* [[LambChop]]
* [[SLICE (Ziff Communications)]]
* [[SPLIT (M. Dingacci)]]

Also, the two sorts of [[Horcrux]], [[Horcrux (jesseduffield)]] and [[Horcrux (kndyry)]], are split-and-encrypted files.

== Filesystem backup and restoration ==
Formats designed for backing up disks, usually specifically targeted at particular [[filesystem]]s (but backing it up in the form of file structures, not raw sector images like [[Disk Image Formats]]).
* [[BACKUP (MS-DOS)]]
* [[Partimage]]
* [[ufsdump]]
* [[Unix dump]]
* [[Windows Imaging Format]] (.wim, .swm)

See also [[Backup]].

== Fake archiving ==
Beware of these; they purport to be archivers but aren't really; you might lose any data you entrust to them. Could be somebody's idea of humor or malware.
* [[OWS (fake compressed archive)]]
* [[WIC (fake compressed archive)]]

== Institutional archiving ==
* [[ARK]] (identifier for archived documents)
* [[Archive eXchange Format]] (.axf)
* [[OAIS]] (Open Archival Information System, an organization that does archiving)
* [[Planets Core Registry]]
* [[PRONOM]]
** [[PUID]]
* [[SIRF]] (Self-Contained Information Retention Format)
* [[Submission Information Package]]
* [[UPF]] (Universal Preservation Format)

== Metadata formats ==
* [[Archive Team hostname file]]
* [[CDX]] (associated with web archives)
* [[DFDL]] (Data Format Description Language) - a file format for describing file formats
* [[FilmConservationMetadata]]
* [[Internet Archive metadata]]
* [[mtree]]
* [[Portland Common Data Model]]
* [[TOSEC Naming Convention]]
* [[Web Archive Metadata File]] (metadata for [[WARC]])

(see also [[Metadata]], [[Bibliographic data]])

== Program/App/Applet/Installer specialized archive formats ==
* [[Adobe Air]]
* [[APK]] (Android app)
** [[XAPK]]
*** [[OBB]]
* [[Bundle file (Linux)]]
* [[Bundle file (OS X)]]
* [[Cabal]]
* [[Cakewalk Bundle (BUN)]]
* [[Cakewalk Bundle (CWB)]]
* [[CompuShow installer format]]
* [[Cross-Platform Installer Module]]
* [[deb]] (Debian package)
* [[EA archive]]
* [[Eschalon Setup archive]] (.arv)
* [[FIZ]]
* [[Garc archive]] (.gar)
* [[IPS archive|Image Packaging System (IPS) archive]] (.p5p)
* [[IPS manifest|Image Packaging System (IPS) manifest]] (.p5m)
* [[Inno Setup self-extracting archive]]
* [[Installer VISE]]
* [[InstallShield]]
** [[InstallShield archive (IBT)]]
** [[InstallShield CAB]]
** [[InstallShield installer archive]]
** [[InstallShield PKG]]
** [[InstallShield Self-Extracting EXE]]
** [[InstallShield Z]]
* [[IPA]] (.ipa) => iOS app in archived form; actually in zip format
* [[IPSW]] (.ipsw) Apple OS restore format [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPSW]
* [[IRIX software distribution format]] (.idb, etc.)
* [[Jar]] (.j, .jar) (Java) => this is just a renamed zip file with some mandatory files
* [[Lead Technologies archive]]
* [[LIF (Knowledge Dynamics)]]
* [[MDA (Micrografx)]]
* [[Meta-Package File]] (.mpkg) (Mac OS X)
* [[Microsoft Update Standalone Package]]
* [[MRNZ]]
* [[NSIS]] (Nullsoft Scriptable Install System)
* [[Olive]] (executable virtual-machine archive of software)
* [[OS/2 PACK archive]]
* [[OS/2 PACK2 archive]] (FTCOMP)
* [[Packaged Activity]] (Microsoft Train Simulator)
* [[Package File (OS X)]] (.pkg)
* [[PackageForTheWeb]]
* [[PC-Install]] (20/20 Software) - See also [[PC-Shrink]].
* [[QIP (Quarterdeck)]]
* [[RED (Knowledge Dynamics)]]
* [[RPM]] (formerly known as RedHat Package Manager, nowadays RPM Package Manager)<ref>[[wikipedia:RPM_Package_Manager|RPM Package Manager - Wikipedia]]</ref>
* [[Setup Factory]] (Indigo Rose Software)
* [[SIS]] (Symbian)
* [[Snap]]
* Sweet Home 3D
** [[Sweet Home 3D Furniture Library]]
** [[Sweet Home 3D Plug-in]]
** [[Sweet Home 3D Texture Library]]
* [[SWG]] (SWAG)
* [[Unity package file]]
* [[WAD (Wii)]]
* [[Windows Installer]] (.msi, .msp)
* [[Wise installer package]]
* [[XAR (Executable Archive)]]
* [[XP3]] (KiriKiri Adventure Game System)
* [[Z/Install]]
* [[ZSoft ZPK2]]
* [[Zune HD Application File]] (.zcp)

== Self-extracting archives ==
(in addition, some of the other archivers are able to produce executable files for some platform which include the archived data and a program to extract them, and generally have the file extension normal for executables, such as .exe for DOS/Windows. In many cases, if you rename the extension to the appropriate one for the archive type involved, e.g., '''.zip''', the file will open in the appropriate archiver, which is handy for extracting them on systems not compatible with the original executable.)
* [[ARS]]
* [[COMPACK]] / BUILDSFX
* [[LHA/LHarc self-extracting archive]]
* [[makeself]] [https://github.com/megastep/makeself]
* [[NETSEND]]
* [[PMsfx]]
* [[SCRNCH]] (in "write mode")
* [[SDA]] (Self Dissolving Archive)
* [[SEA (StuffIt)]] (StuffIt Self-Extracting Archive)
* [[Self-extracting ZIP]]
* [[SFX]] (Self-Extracting Archive)
* [[shar]] (Shell Archive, in Unix-like systems)
* [[SQWEZ]]

== Software ==
Refer to [[Compression and archiving software]].

== Transfer formats ==
(encapsulate a system-specific file structure to make it compatible with foreign systems, file transfer protocols, etc.)
* [[AppleDouble]]
* [[AppleSingle]]
* [[Bento]] (1990s Apple cross-platform compound content format)
* [[Binary II]] (.bny) (for Apple II series) (often [[squeeze]]d as .bqy)
* [[BinHex]] (.hqx)
* [[GEOS Convert]] (.cvt)
* [[MacBinary]]
* [[MAR Utility]]
* [[oric-dsk-manager exported file]]
* [[TI variable file]]

For low-level transfer encodings, see [[Transfer Encodings]].

== Uncategorized ==
* [[Cache Directory Tagging Standard]]
* [[Content Addressable Archive]] (CAR)
* [[SMART Notebook]]

== See also ==
* [[Backup]]
* [[Compression]]
* [[Disk Image Formats]]
* [[Executable envelopes#Executable libraries]]

== Links ==
* [http://www.coredumps.de/doc/dump/zwicky/testdump.doc.html Torture-testing Backup and Archive Programs: Things You Ought to Know But Probably Would Rather Not]
* [http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/apps-discuss/current/msg13094.html Discussion of proposed top-level MIME type for 'archive']
* [http://blogs.loc.gov/digitalpreservation/2014/02/what-do-you-mean-by-archive-genres-of-usage-for-digital-preservers/ What Do you Mean by Archive? Genres of Usage for Digital Preservers]

== References ==
<references/>

CompuShow installer format

2026-04-08T14:35:11Z

Jsummers: Created page with "{{FormatInfo |formattype=electronic |subcat=Archiving |released=≤1994 }} '''CompuShow installer format''' is a EXE-based installer file for DOS. It was used ..."

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Archiving
|released=≤1994
}}
'''CompuShow installer format''' is a [[MS-DOS EXE|EXE]]-based installer file for DOS.

It was used for distribution of some software by Canyon State Systems:
* CompuShow, v8.70-9.04
* CompuShow 2000, v1.03-2.04
* [[CompuLog]], v1.00-2.01

A typical filename is "CSHOWA.EXE", but note that not all files with this name use this format.

== Format details ==
The format is somewhat convoluted. The main executable part is compressed with [[PKLITE]]. The overlay segment (refer to [[MS-DOS EXE#Special file positions]]) uses a tagged format of undetermined origin. The overlay starts with ASCII "<code>FBIN</code>". The main part of the payload is an [[LHA/LHarc self-extracting archive]] contained in an item identified by "<code>FBEX</code>".

== Software ==
* {{Deark}}
* Some [[LHA#Software|LHA software]] is robust enough that it can often handle these files.

== Sample files ==
* {{CdTextfiles|arcadebbs/GIFVIEW/CSHOW73.ZIP|CSHOW73.ZIP}} → CSHOWA.EXE
* {{CdTextfiles|simtel/stmsdos9709/disk1/DISC1/GRAPHICS/2SHOW204.ZIP|2SHOW204.ZIP}} → 2SHOWA.EXE
* [{{SACFTPURL|graph|cmplg201.zip}} cmplg201.zip] → CMPLGA.EXE

Smart Game Format

2026-04-02T19:33:53Z

Jsummers:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Saved Games
|extensions={{ext|sgf}}
|released=1987
}}
:''SGF redirects here. For another "SGF" format, see [[Somera Graphic Format]].''

'''Smart Game Format''' ('''SGF''') is a text-based format for recording games of certain board games, particularly Go.

It was originally developed by Anders Kierulf in 1987 (though one source gives a release date of 1990).

It has had one or more other names, probably including '''Smart Go Format'''. More research is needed here.

== Sample files ==
* {{DexvertSamples|text/smartGameFormat}}

== See also ==
* [[UGF]]

== Links ==
* [[Wikipedia: Smart Game Format]]
* http://www.red-bean.com/sgf/
* https://senseis.xmp.net/?SmartGameFormat
* http://homepages.cwi.nl/~aeb/go/misc/sgf.html
* http://homepages.cwi.nl/~aeb/go/misc/sgf2.html
* http://homepages.cwi.nl/~aeb/go/misc/sgfnotes.html

SSF

2026-04-02T19:32:05Z

Jsummers:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Audio and Music
|extensions={{ext|ssf}}, {{ext|minissf}}, {{ext|ssflib}}
}}
:''For other "SSF" formats, see [[Structured Subtitle Format]] and [[Somera Sound Format]].''

SSF is a variant of the [[Portable Sound Format]] for Sega Saturn sequenced music.

== Information ==
*[http://snesmusic.org/hoot/kingshriek/ssf/ kingshriek's SSF / DSF page]
*[http://wiki.neillcorlett.com/SSFFormat SSF Format]

kingshriek's page contains a number of scripts to assist with SSF ripping, as well as his own SSF rips.

== Playback ==
=== Plugins ===
* [http://www.chipamp.org/ Chipamp] - Winamp
* [http://www.foobar2000.org/components/view/foo_input_ht SSF/DSF Decoder] - foobar2000

=== Standalone ===
* [http://bannister.org/software/ao.htm Audio Overload] - Linux / Mac / Windows
* [https://zxtune.bitbucket.io/ zxtune]

=== Sample files ===
* https://ftp.modland.com/pub/modules/Saturn%20Sound%20Format/
* {{DexvertSamples|music/ssf}}

Audio and Music

2026-04-02T19:29:38Z

Jsummers: /* Unclassified (need to move to other categories) */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|thiscat=Audio and Music
|image=Music.jpg
|caption=Musical notation
}}
[[Electronic_File_Formats|Electronic Formats]] concerned with audio and musical data, including sound recording, instrument control, musical notation, etc.

For additional multimedia formats that may contain audio, see [[Video]].

== Introduction ==
* For an excellent introduction to the issues around audio and video formats, see [http://www.avpreserve.com/blog/a-primer-on-codecs-for-moving-image-and-sound-archives-2/ A Primer on Codecs for Moving Image and Sound Archives - and 10 Recommendations for Codec Selection & Management] [http://www.avpreserve.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/AVPS_Codec_Primer.pdf PDF version]
* [http://www.garymcgath.com/streamingprotocols.html Basics of streaming protocols]

== Album formats ==
(files containing entire music albums, with some track structure)
* [[Connected Media Experience]] (CME, CMX)
* [[iTunes LP]]

== Audio and sequencer software ==

* Ableton
** [[Ableton Live]]
* Adobe Audition
** [[Cool Edit / Audition Multi Track Session file]] (.ses)
** [[Audition]] (.sesx)
* Aldrin
** [[Creative Commons Module]] (.ccm)
* [[Audacity Project Format]] (.aup)
** [[Audacity AU]] (.au)
* Cakewalk
** [[Cakewalk Bundle (BUN)]] (.bun)
** [[Cakewalk Bundle (CWB)]] (.cwb)
** [[Cakewalk Dump Request Macro]] (.drm)
** [[Cakewalk Instrument Definition File]] (.ins)
** [[Cakewalk Project (CWP)]] (.cwp)
** [[Cakewalk Project (WRK)]] (.wrk)
** [[Cakewalk Sample Definition File]] (.sfz)
* [[CPS project]] (.cps)
* [[DeLuxe Music Score]]
* [[Digital Performer]]
* [[Dynamic Studio Professional module]]
* [[eJay Music Director]] (.mdx)
* FruityLoops / FL Studio
** [[BeatCreator/BeatSlicer Grid File]] (.zgr)
** [[DrumSynth Preset]] (.ds)
** [[FL Studio Score File]] (.fsc)
** [[FL Studio State File]] (.fst)
** [[Humanize Preset]] (.fpr)
** [[Raw FL Studio Project]] (.flp)
** [[SimSynth Preset]] (.syn)
** [[Speech Preset]] (.speech)
* GarageBand (Mac)
** [[GarageBand project]] (.band, .gbproj)
** [[Magic GarageBand template]] (.wand)
** [[GarageBand MagicMentor template]] (.mwand)
* [[Hydrogen]] (.h2song, .h2pattern)
* [[iZotope RX]] (.rxdoc)
* Jeskola Buzz
** [[Jeskola Buzz machine]] (.dll)
** [[Jeskola Buzz machine preset]] (.prs, .prs.xml)
** [[Jeskola Buzz song]] (.bmx, .bmw)
* [[LMMS]] (Linux MultiMedia Studio) (.mmp, .mmpz)
* Logic Pro / Logic / Notator Logic
** [[Logic Pro project file]] (.logic, .logicx)
* [[Maestro]] (RISC OS)
* [[Make-A-Melody]] (''Big Blue Disk'' #42) (.mus)
* [[Nero SoundTrax]] (.npf)
* [[Nero WaveEditor]] (.nwf)
* Piston Collage / PxTone
** [[Piston Collage noise]] (.ptnoise)
** [[Piston Collage song]] (.ptcop, .pttune)
** [[Piston Collage voice]] (.ptvoice)
* Pro Tools
** [[Pro Tools (Mac)]] (.pt5, .p24, .pt4, .pt3)
** [[PTS]] (Pro Tools 5.1-6.9)
** [[PTF]] (Pro Tools 7-9)
** [[PTX (Pro Tools)|PTX]] (Pro Tools 10)
* Propellerhead (Reason, ReCycle)
** [[Propellerhead Reason NN-XT Patch File]] (.sx2)
** [[Propellerhead Reason Project File]] / song file (.reason, .rns, others)
** [[Propellerhead Reason ReFill Sound Bank]] (.rfl)
** [[Propellerhead ReCycle Loop File]] (.rex)
** [[Reason Studios REX2 Audio File]] (.rx2)
* [[Reaper Project]] (.rpp)
* [[Renoise]]
** [[Renoise song]] (.xrns)
** [[Renoise instrument]] (.xrni)
** [[Renoise DSP device-chain]] (.xrnt)
* [[ROXIO|Roxio]]
** [[DMSE]] (Sound Editor project)
** [[DMSA]] (Music Disc Creator project)
* SeaTone / PixTone
** [[PXT]] (.pxt)
* [[Sonic Foundry Acid]] (.acd)
* [[SoundDesigner II]] (.sd2)
* [[Soundtrack Pro]] (.stmp)
* Steinberg
** [[Cubase]]
*** [[ALL]] - A Steinberg [[Cubase]] VST file for saving songs (pre 2002).
*** [[ARR]] - A Steinberg [[Cubase]] VST file for saving arrangements (pre 2002).
*** [[CPR]] - A Steinberg [[Cubase]] SX file for saving projects (2002 - ).
** [[Nuendo]]
*** [[NPR]] - A Steinberg [[Nuendo]] file for saving arrangements (2002 - ).
** [[WaveLab]]
*** [[MON]] (Audio montage)
* [[(Super) Studio Session song]] (.sss)
* [[Waveburner]] (.wb3)

== Audio recording and sound waves ==

* Lossless compression
** [[ATRAC Advanced Lossless]] (.aal)
** [[ADA]] (Advanced Digital Audio)
** [[ALAC]] (Apple Lossless Audio Codec)
** [[APAC]] (Marian's A-pac)
** [[Dakx Wav]]
** [[Dolby TrueHD]]
** [[DTS-HD]] (Lossless variant of DTS- DTS-HD Master Audio)
** [[FLAC]] (Free Lossless Audio Codec)
** [[G.711]]
** [[G.729]]
** [[HALAC]]
** [[Kexis]] (.kxs)
** [[LA]] (Lossless Audio)
** [[LiteWave]]
** [[LPAC]] (Lossless Predictive Audio Coding)
** [[MKW]]
** [[MLP]] (Meridian Lossless Packing Audio)
** [[Monkey's Audio]] (.ape)
** [[MPEG-4 ALS]] (MPEG-4 Audio Lossless Coding)
** [[MPEG-4 SLS]] (MPEG-4 Scalable lossless coding mode)
** [[MQA]] (Master Quality Authenticated)
** [[OptimFROG]] (.ofr, .ofs)
** [[Perfect Clarity Audio]] (.pca)
** [[RALF]] (Real Lossless Audio Codec)
** [[RK Audio]] (.rka)
** [[Shorten]] (.shn)
** [[Sonarc]]
** [[Split2000]]
** [[TAK]] (.tak)
** [[True Audio]] (.tta)
** [[VocPack]]
** [[WavArc]]
** [[WavPack]] (.wv)
** [[WMA Lossless]] (Windows Media Audio 9 Lossless)
* Lossy compression
** [[AAC]] (Advanced Audio Coding)
** [[ADPCM|Adaptive differential pulse-code modulation]]
*** [[ACT]]
*** [[ADPCM-A]] (Yamaha)
*** [[ADPCM-B]] (Yamaha)
*** [[VOX]]
** [[Adaptive Multi-Rate WideBand Audio]]
** [[Adaptive Multi-Rate Audio]] (.amr)
** [[Archimedes VIDC audio]]
** ATRAC or [[Adaptive Transform Acoustic Coding]] (.aa3, .oma, .at3)
** [[Audible Audiobook]] (.aa, .aax)
** [[Audition Loop]] (.cel)
** [[CELT]] (.ogg)
** [[Digital Theater Systems]] (.dts)
** [[Dolby Digital]] (AC-3 or ATSC A/52)
** [[Encodec]] (.ecdc)
** [[GSM]] (GSM 6.10 RPE-LTP)
** [[LB]] (Low Bitrate)
** [[M4B]] (iTunes Audio Book)
** [[M4P]] (Fairplay DRM Encrypted [[M4A]])
** MP1: See [[MPEG Audio Layer I]]
** MP2: See [[MPEG Audio Layer II]]
** [[MP3]] (MPEG-1 / MPEG-2 Audio Layer III)
*** [[packMP3]]
*** [[mp3PRO]]
*** [[MP3 wrapper]] - '''reversibly''' combine mp3 files into one playable mp3 (often used on filesharing services that banned other formats like zip/rar)
**** [[zip/rar.mp3]]
**** [[AlbumWrap (ALBW)]]
**** [[MooseWrap (DJWrap)]]
**** [[Mp3Wrap]]
**** [[Track Wrapper (TRKW)]]
**** [[MP3 Album Maker]]
**** [[M3A]]
**** [[Wrapster]] (when adding MP3 files to a wrapped MP3 file)
** MPA (MPEG Audio): See [[MPEG Audio Layer II]]
** MP+ (MPEGplus Audio): See [[Musepack Audio]]
** MPEG-4 Audio: Can refer to various formats connected with [[MPEG-4]], including [[AAC]]. (.m4a, .m4b, .m4p, .m4r, .mp4, .aac)
** [[MPEG Audio Layer I]] (MP1)
** [[MPEG Audio Layer II]] (MP2; MPEG-1 Audio Layer II)
** [[Musepack Audio]] (.mpc)
** [[Opus]] (.opus)
** [[Quite OK Audio]] (.qoa)
** [[RealAudio]] (.ra)
** [[Speex]] (.spx)
** [[SWA]]
** [[Vorbis]] (.logg, .oga, .ogg)
** [[WMA]] (Windows Media Audio)
* Proprietary
** [[DCT]] (Dictation format by NCH Software)
** [[Digital Speech Standard]] (.dss)
** [[Digital Voice File]] (.dvf)
** [[IC Sound]] (.ics)
** [[iKlax]] (iKlax Media)
** [[Memory Stick Voice]] (.msv)
** [[Panasonic VM1]] (.vm1)
** [[Pono]]
** [[PXD]]
** [[RCA-VOC]] (.voc)
** [[Sonic Foundry Sample Resource]] (.sfr)
* Separated parts of tracks
** [[Stems]]
* Uncompressed audio
** [[AIFF|AIF / AIFF]] (Audio Interchange File Format)
** [[Berkeley/IRCAM/Carl Sound Format]] (.sf)
** [[BWF]] (Broadcast Wave Format; variant of WAV)
** [[DSD]] (Direct Stream Digital) (.dsf)
** [[RAW (Audio)|RAW]] (.raw, .pcm)
** [[RF64]] (extended variant of BWF)
** [[Sony Wave64]] (.w64)
** [[WAV]] (Waveform Audio File Format)
* Various encodings
** [[AIFC]] ([[AIFF]] Compressed)
** [[AU]] (Sun Microsystems audio format)
** [[Computerized Speech Lab NSP]] (.nsp)
** [[DiamondWare Digitized]] (.dwd)
** [[Bonk]] (lossy/lossless audio compression)
** [[INRS-Telecom file]] (.aud)
** [[SIFF]] (.son)
** [[SPPACK]] (.d)
** [[WVE (Psion)]]
** [[IAMF]] [https://opensource.googleblog.com/2025/01/introducing-eclipsa-audio-immersive-audio-for-everyone.html 1]

=== Peak Files ===
* [[PEK]] (Adobe Premiere Pro Peak file)
* [[PKF]] (Adobe Audition Peak File)
* [[GPK]] (WaveLab Peak File)
* [[SFK]] (SoundForge/Sony Peak File)
* [[WFM]] (Avid WaveCache.wfm)

== Chiptune ==

* [[SAM Coupé song]] (.cop, .sng)

== Configuration files ==

* [[X2A]] (Yamaha S70xs/S90xs keyboard workstations)

== Container formats ==

* [[AAF]] (Advanced Authoring Format)
* [[ASF]] (Advanced Systems Format)
* [[Core Audio Format]] (.caf)
* [[Extensible Music Format]] (.xmf)
* [[IFF]]
* [[Matroska Audio]] (.mka)
* [[MP4]] (MPEG-4 Part 14 media container)
* [[Ogg]] (.ogg, .oga, .ogx, .spx, .opus)
* [[OMF Interchange]] (Open Media Framework Interchange format)
* [[Qualcomm QCP]] (Purevoice)
* [[Rich Music Format]] (.rmf)
* [[RealMedia]] (.rm)
* [[WAV]]
* [[WebM]] (.webm) (also used for video)

== Emulated music ==

* [[2SF]] (Nintendo DS [[Portable Sound Format|PSF]])
* [[3G2]] (3GPP, also a video format)
* [[3GP]] (3GPP, also a video format)
* [[Atari SoundHeader]] (SNDH)
* [[AY]] (Amstrad CPC / ZX Spectrum / ZXAYEMUL)
* [[AZX]] (ZX Spectrum)
* [[Custom Amiga Module]] (CUST)
* [[DSF]] (Dreamcast [[Portable Sound Format|PSF]])
* [[EPSGMOD]] (.epsgmod, Mod2PSG)
* [[Fuxoft AY Language]] (.fmx)
* [[Game Boy Sound]] (.gbs)
* [[GBR]] (Game Boy Sound)
* [[Gens Sound Record]] (GSR)
* [[GSF]] (Game Boy Advance [[Portable Sound Format|PSF]])
* [[HES]] (Hudson Entertainment System)
* [[KSS]] (MSX)
* [[KSSX]] (Possible expansion of [[KSS]])
* [[MDX (X68000)|MDX]] (Sharp X68000 / MXDRV)
* [[NES Sound Format]] (.nsf)
* [[NES Sound Format Extended]] (.nsfe)
* [[NSD (audio)|NSD]]
* [[Portable Sound Format|PSF]] (Portable Sound Format)
* [[PSF1]] (Playstation [[Portable Sound Format|PSF]])
* [[PSF2]] (Playstation 2 [[Portable Sound Format|PSF]])
* [[QSF]] (Capcom Q-Sound [[Portable Sound Format|PSF]])
* [[SC68]] (Atari ST / Atari STE / Amiga)
* [[SGC]] (Sega Master System / Game Gear / Colecovision)
* [[SID]] (Commodore 64)
* [[SPC (Audio)|SPC]] (Super Nintendo SPC700)
* [[SSF]] (Sega Saturn [[Portable Sound Format|PSF]])
* [[USF]] (Nintendo 64 [[Portable Sound Format|PSF]])
* [[YM]] (Amstrad CPC / Spectrum ZX / Atari ST)

== Game audio and music ==

(see also [[Game data files]])

* [[4X IMA ADPCM]]
* Accolade
** [[Accolade MIDI File Format]]
* Adept Software
** [[God of Thunder Music Format]]
* [[AFC]] (AFX Audio File) -- used in Mass Effect 2
* Apogee
** [[Crystal Caves Sound format]]
* Atari
** [[Slight Atari Player]] (Atari POKEY)
* [[BAF]] (Blur ADPCM)
* [[BAKA]] (PCM 16 bit)
* Bandai
** [[WSR]] (WonderSwan / WonderSwan Color)
* [[BH2PCM]]
* [[BNSF]] (G.722.1)
* Cave Story
** [[Organya]]
* Commodore Amiga
** [[A.M. Composer v1.2]] (.amc)
** [[AC1D-DC1A Packer]] (.ac1d)
** [[Actionamics Sound Tool]] (.ast)
** [[AMOS Music Bank]] (.abk)
** [[AMOS Memory Bank#AMOS Samples Bank|AMOS Samples Bank]] (.abk)
** [[Art & Magic]] (.aam)
** [[Audio Sculpture]] (.as)
** [[Beathoven Synthesiser]] (.bss)
** [[Ben Daglish]] (.bd)
** [[Ben Daglish SID]] (.bds)
** [[Ben Replay]] (.ben)
** [[Channel Players]] (.chan)
** [[Cinemaware]] (.cin)
** [[Core Design]] (.core)
** [[CustomMade]] (.cm)
** [[Darius Zendeh]] (.dz)
** [[Dave Lowe]] (.dl)
** [[Dave Lowe New]] (.dln)
** [[David Hanney]] (.dh)
** [[David Whittaker]] (.dw)
** [[Desire]] (.dsr)
** [[Digital Illusions]] (.di)
** [[Digital Sonix & Chrome]] (.dsc)
** [[Digital Sound Creations]] (.han)
** [[Dirk Bialluch]] (.tpu)
** [[Dynamic Synthesizer]] (.dns)
** [[Editeur Musical Sequentiel]] (.ems)
** [[Follin Player II]] (.tf)
** [[Fred Editor]] (.fred)
** [[Fred Gray]] (.fg)
** [[Future Player]] (.fp)
** [[FWMP]] (.fw)
** [[Game Music Creator]] (.gmc)
** [[Gnu Player]] (.gp)
** [[Hippel]] (.hip)
** [[Hippel-COSO]] (.hipc)
** [[Hornet Packer]] (.hrt)
** [[Howie Davies]] (.hd)
** [[IFF-MAUD]]
** [[Images Music System]] (.ims)
** [[Infogrames INS]] (.ins)
** [[Janko Mrsic-Flogel]] (.jmf)
** [[Jason Brooke]] (.jcb)
** [[Jason Page]] (.jp)
** [[Jeroen Tel]] (.jt)
** [[Jesper Olsen]] (.jo)
** [[Jochen Hippel]] (.hip)
** [[Kefrens Sound Machine]] (.ksm)
** [[Kris Hatlelid]] (.kh)
** [[Leggless Music Editor]] (.lme)
** [[Magnetic Fields Packer]] (.mfp)
** [[Maniacs of Noise]] (.mon, .jt)
** [[Mark Cooksey]] (.mc)
** [[Mark II Sound-System]] (.mii, .mk2, .mkii)
** [[Martin Walker]] (.mw)
** [[MaxTrax]] (.mxtx)
** [[Mike Davies]] (.md)
** [[MMDC]] (Module packer)
** [[Mugician]] (.mug)
** [[Mugician II]] (.mug2)
** [[NoiseRunner]] (.nr)
** [[NovoTrade Packer]] (.ntp)
** [[Pierre Adane Packer]] (.pap)
** [[Power Music]] (.pm)
** [[Professional Sound Artists]] (.psa)
** [[Promizer 0.1]] (.pm01)
** [[Promizer 1.0c]] (.pm10)
** [[Promizer 1.8a]] (.pm18)
** [[Promizer 2.0]] (.pm20)
** [[Promizer 4.0]] (.pm40)
** [[ProPacker 1.0]] (.pp10)
** [[ProPacker 2.1]] (.pp21)
** [[ProPacker 3.0]] (.pp30)
** [[Prorunner]] (.prun1, .prun2)
** [[Richard Joseph]] or Vectordean (.rjp)
** [[Rob Hubbard]] (.rh, .rho)
** [[Ron Klaren]] (.rk)
** [[Sean Connolly]] (.scn)
** [[Sean Conran]] (.scr)
** [[Sidmon]] (.sid, .sid2)
** [[Silmarils]] (.mok)
** [[SKYT Packer]] (.skyt)
** [[Sonic Arranger]] (.sa)
** [[Sound Images]] (.tw)
** [[Sound Master]] (.sm)
** [[Sound Programming Language]] (.spl)
** [[Soundcontrol]] (.sct)
** [[Soundfactory]] (.psf)
** [[SoundPlayer]] (.sjs)
** [[Special FX]] (.jd)
** [[Speedy System]] (.ss)
** [[Steve Barrett]] (.sb)
** [[Jason Page|Steve Turner]] (.jpo)
* [[Star Trekker Packer]] (.stpk)
** [[Synth Dream]] (.sdr)
** [[Synth Pack]] (.osp)
** [[The Musical Enlightenment]] (.tme)
** [[The Player]] (.p22a, .p30a, .p40a, .p40b, .p50a, .p60a, .p61a)
** [[Titanics Player]] (.ttp)
** [[Tracker Packer 1]] (.tp1)
** [[Tracker Packer 2]] (.tp2)
** [[Tracker Packer 3]] (.tp3)
** [[Thomas Hermann]] (.thm)
** [[Wally Beben]] (.wb)
** [[Wanton Packer]] (.wn)
** [[XANN Packer]] (.xann)
** [[Zen Packer]] (.zen)
* CRI Middleware
** [[ADX]]
** [[AFS]] (container format for [[ADX]] / [[AHX (CRI)]])
** [[AHX (CRI)]]
** [[AIX]]
* [[DCS]] (ADPCM)
* [[Death Rally Archive]] (.bpa)
* [[DMSG]] (PCM 16 bit)
* [[EACS IMA ADPCM]] (.kcey)
* Electronic Arts
** [[8-Bit Sampled Voice]] (.8svx, .iff)
** [[Asylum Music Format]] (.amf, used in Crusader: No Remorse / Crusader: No Regret)
** [[Electronic Arts AS4 / ASF Music]] (.as4, .asf)
** [[Electronic Arts CMV]]
** [[Electronic Arts KSF Music]] (.ksf)
** [[Electronic Arts MAD]]
** [[Electronic Arts MUS]] (.mus)
** [[Electronic Arts SCxl]]
** [[Electronic Arts Sound Effects]] (.bnk, .crd)
** [[Electronic Arts Sound / Speech Files]] (.eas, .sph)
** [[Electronic Arts TGV]]
** [[Electronic Arts WVE]]
** [[IFF]] (Amiga 8SVX)
*** [[IFF-MAUD]]
** [[Sonix Music Driver]] (.smus)
* [[EMFF]] (ADPCM)
* Epic Megagames
** [[Epic Megagames MASI]] (.masi, .psm)
* [[Final Fantasy XI Music file]] (.bgw)
* [[FMOD Sample Bank]] (.fsb)
* [[Funcom ISS]]
* Galaxy Music System
** [[Galaxy Music System v4.0]]
** [[Galaxy Music System v5.0]] (.j2b)
* [[GCW]] (PCM 16 bit)
* [[Generic Header]] (.genh, Generic Header Creator)
* Herad Music System
** [[Herad Music System AGD]] (.agd)
** [[Herad Music System SDB]] (.sdb)
** [[Herad Music System SQX]] (.sqx)
* [[HIS]] (PCM 8 bit)
* id Software
** [[Doom MUS]]
** [[id Software DNF]] (.dnf)
** [[id Software Music Format]] (.imf)
** [[id Software WLF]] (.wlf)
* [[IMA ADPCM]] (.bar, .dvi, .hwas, .idvi, .ivaud, .myspd, .stma, .strm)
* [[Interplay ACM]] (.acm)
* [[Inverse Frequency Sound format]]
* [[iXMF]] (Interactive [[Extensible Music Format]])
* Ken Silverman
** [[Ken's Adlib Music]] (.ksm)
** [[Ken's Digital Music]] (.kdm)
** [[SM (Ken Silverman)]] (.sm)
** [[SND (Ken Silverman)]] (.snd)
* [[LOUDNESS Sound System]] (.lds)
* LucasArts
** [[LucasArts Adlib Audio]] (.laa)
** [[SCUMM]] (SCUMM)
* [[Martin Fernandez]] (.adlib)
* Microsoft
** [[0x0069]] (Xbox ADPCM)
** [[2DX]]
** [[2DX9]] (ADPCM)
** [[DE2]] (ADPCM)
** [[Xbox IMA ADPCM]] (.matx, .wavm, .wvs, .xmu, .xvas, .xwav)
* Mojang AB (Minecraft)
** [[Minecraft sounds.json]]

* Origin Software
** [[Ultima 6 Music]] (.m)
* PC-98 and PC-88
** [[Professional Music Driver PMD]] (.m, .m2)
* Pixel
** [[PMD (Pixel)]]
* [[Pixel Painters]] (.fmf)
* [[Ragnarok Online 2 RMP]]
* [[Shadowlands]] (.cal)
* Sierra
** [[Sierra AGI]] (Sierra AGI)
** [[Sierra SCI]] (Used in Sierra PC games)
* [[Sound Images Generation 2]] (.sig)
* [[Sound Interface System]] (.lem)
* [[STOS memory bank]] (.mbk)
* [[Unreal Music Format]] (.umx)
* Union Logic Software Publishing
** [[Vinyl Goddess From Mars Instrument Format]]
** [[Vinyl Goddess From Mars Music Format]]
* [[Unique Development Studios]] (.uds)
* [[Video Game Music]] (.vgm, .vgz)
* Westwood Studios
** [[Westwood Studios ADL]] (.adl)
** [[Westwood Studios AUD]] (.aud)
* [[Whacky Wheels]] (.klm)
* [[XMP Game Module]] (.j2b)

=== Nintendo ===

* [[Advanced Mario Sequencer file]] (.mss)
* [[BRSTMPSM]] (Super Paper Mario)
* [[Donkey Konga 2 DSP]] (Donkey Konga 2)
* [[Mario Paint Composer]] (MPC)
* [[Mario Sequencer file]] (.msq)
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii AAAP]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii ADP]] (Nintendo Gamecube) (.adp)
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii AFC]] (Nintendo Gamecube)
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii AGSC]] (.agsc)
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii AMTS]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii ASN]] (Nintendo Gamecube)
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii ASR]] (Nintendo Wii)
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii AST]] (Nintendo Wii sound format)
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii BNS]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii BO2]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii BRSTM]] (Nintendo Wii streaming format)
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii CAPDSP]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii CFN]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii DDSP]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii DSP]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii GCA]] (Nintendo Wii)
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii GCM]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii GSP]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii HPS]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii IDSP]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii ISD]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii ISH]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii KRAW]] (Nintendo Wii)
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii LPS]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii MPDS]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii MPDSP]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii MSS]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii MUS]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii PDT]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii SDT]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii SMP]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii SNS]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii SPD]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii SPT]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii SSM]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii STM]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii STR]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii STS]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii SWD]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii THP]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii TYDSP]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii VJDSP]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii WAS]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii WSD]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii WSI]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii YDSP]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii YMF]]
* [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii ZWDSP]]
* [[SHI]] ([https://battleofthebits.com/lyceum/View/ShroomTool ShroomTool] Instrument, used for Mario Paint instruments)
* [[SHO]] (ShroomTool, used for Mario Paint sounds)

=== Sony ===

* [[ADS (PlayStation)]]
* [[ASS (PlayStation)]]
* [[AST (PlayStation)]]
* [[BG00 (PlayStation)]]
* [[BMDX (PlayStation)]]
* [[CCC (PlayStation)]]
* [[CNK (PlayStation)]]
* [[DXH (PlayStation)]]
* [[ENTH (PlayStation)]]
* [[FAG (PlayStation)]]
* [[FILP (PlayStation)]]
* [[FSB (PlayStation)]]
* [[GCM (PlayStation)]]
* [[GMS (PlayStation)]]
* [[HGC1 (PlayStation)]]
* [[I100 (PlayStation)]]
* [[I400 (PlayStation)]]
* [[I80 (PlayStation)]]
* [[IKM (PlayStation)]]
* [[ILD (PlayStation)]]
* [[IVB (PlayStation)]]
* [[JOE (PlayStation)]]
* [[KCES (PlayStation)]]
* [[KHV (PlayStation)]]
* [[LEG (PlayStation)]]
* [[MCG (PlayStation)]]
* [[MI4 (PlayStation)]]
* [[MIB (PlayStation)]]
* [[MIC (PlayStation)]]
* [[MIH (PlayStation)]]
* [[MIHB (PlayStation)]] (merged [[MIB|MIB (PlayStation)]] & [[MIH|MIH (PlayStation)]])
* [[MSA (PlayStation)]]
* [[MSVP (PlayStation)]]
* [[MUSC (PlayStation)]]
* [[NPSF (PlayStation)]]
* [[PNB (PlayStation)]]
* [[PSH (PlayStation)]]
* [[RKV (PlayStation)]]
* [[RND (PlayStation)]]
* [[RSTM (PlayStation)]]
* [[RWS (PlayStation)]]
* [[SFS (PlayStation)]]
* [[SIR (PlayStation)]]
* [[SL3 (PlayStation)]]
* [[SMPL (PlayStation)]]
* [[SND (PlayStation)]]
* [[SPU (PlayStation)]]
* [[STER (PlayStation)]]
* [[STH (PlayStation)]]
* [[STR (PlayStation)]]
* [[STS (PlayStation)]]
* [[SVAG (PlayStation)]]
* [[SVS (PlayStation)]]
* [[TEC (PlayStation)]]
* [[TK5 (PlayStation)]]
* [[VAS (PlayStation)]]
* [[VAG (PlayStation)]]
* [[VB2 (PlayStation & PS2)]]
* [[VGS (PlayStation)]]
* [[VIG (PlayStation)]]
* [[VPK (PlayStation)]]
* [[VS (PlayStation)]]
* [[VSF (PlayStation)]]
* [[WP2 (PlayStation)]]
* [[XA2 (PlayStation)]]
* [[XA30 (PlayStation)]]
* [[MI2 (PS2)]]

== Identifiers of musical works, recordings, artists, etc. ==
* [[International Standard Musical Work Code]] (ISWC)
* [[International Standard Recording Code]] (ISRC)
* [[MusicBrainz Identifier]]

== Karaoke ==
* [[CD+G]]
* [[UltraStar Karaoke]]

== Metadata formats and related data ==

* [[APE tag]]
* [[Argoknot]]
* Cue Sheet - See [[CUE and BIN]]
* [[ELAN Annotation Format]]
* [[Exif]]
* [[Zoom Project Settings]] (.hprj)
* [[ID3]]
* [[MDZ]]
* [[Monkey's Audio metadata]] (.apl)
* [[Vorbis comment]]

== Music trackers ==
(For more on this subject, listen to [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v0nNuUKeh6o Jason Scott Talks His Way Out Of It: The Music Tracker Episode].)

* [[1tracker module]] (.1tm)
* [[AHX (Abyss)]] (Abyss Highest eXperience)
* [[Aley's Module]] (.alm)
* [[All Sound Tracker module]] (.ast)
* [[Amiga Module]] (.mod)
* [[AProSys module]] (.aps)
* [[Archimedes Tracker module]] (.musx)
* [[Arkos Tracker]] (.aks)
* [[Art of Noise module]] (.aon)
* [[ASC Sound Master module]] (.asc)
* [[B's Pro Tracker module]] (.bpm, .bps)
* [[Beepola song]] (.bbsong)
* [[BeRoTracker module]] (.br)
* [[BoyScout Tracker module]] (.bsf)
* Brian Postma SoundMon
** [[Brian Postma SoundMon v1.x module]] (.bp)
** [[Brian Postma SoundMon v2.x & v3.x module]] (.bp3)
** [[BS]]
* Buzzic
** [[Buzzic v1.x]] (.buz)
** [[Buzzic v2.0]] (.buz2)
* Chaos Music Composer
** [[CM3]] ([[CMC]] "3/4")
** [[CMC]] (Chaos Music Composer)
** [[CMR]] ([[CMC]] "Rzog")
** [[CMS]] (Stereo Double [[CMC]])
** [[DMC]] (Double ChaosMusicComposer)
* [[Chuck Biscuits/Black Artist module]] (.cba)
* [[Coconizer module]]
* [[Composer 669 module]] (.669)
* [[craptracker ii module]] (.ct2)
* [[Custom Amiga Module]] (.cus. .custom)
* CyberTracker
** [[CyberTracker instrument]] (.ci)
** [[CyberTracker module]] (.ct)
* [[DeliTracker custom]] (.cust)
* [[DeltaMusic module]] (.dta)
* Delta Music Composer
** [[Delta Music Composer module]] (.dlt)
** [[Delta Music 2.0 module]] (.dl2)
* [[Desktop Tracker module]] (.dtt)
* DigiBooster / DigiBooster PRO
** [[DigiBooster v1.x module]] (.digi)
** [[DigiBooster PRO v2.x / DigiBooster 3 module]] (.dbm)
* [[Digital Symphony module]] (.dsym)
* Digitrakker
** [[Digitrakker instrument]] (.ist)
** [[Digitrakker module]] (.mdl)
** [[Digitrakker sample]] (.spl)
* [[DigiTrekker module]] (.dtm)
* [[Digital Tracker module]] (.dtm)
* [[DisorderTracker 2 module]] (.plm)
* [[Dual Module Player DSMI]] (.amf)
* [[Eureka Packer module]] (.eu)
* [[Extended MOD]] (.emd)
* [[Extreme's Tracker module]] (.ams)
* [[FAC Soundtracker]] (MSX, extension unknown)
* [[Face The Music module]] (.ftm)
* Famitracker
** [[FamiTracker module]] (.ftm)
** [[FamiTracker instrument]] (.fti)
* Farandole Composer
** [[Farandole Form 2.0]] (.f2r)
** [[Farandole Composer module]] (.far)
** [[Farandole Composer pattern]] (.fpt)
** [[Farandole Composer sample]] (.fsm, .usm)
* [[Fashion Tracker module]] (.ex)
* FastTracker / FastTracker 2
** [[FastTracker module]] (.ft, .ftc)
** [[Extended instrument]] (.xi)
** [[Extended Module]] (.xm)
* [[FC-M Packer module]] (.fcm)
* [[Flash Tracker module]] (.fls)
* [[Flex Tracker module]] (.flx)
* [[Fuchs Tracker]] (.fchs)
* [[FunkTracker module]] (.fnk)
* Future Composer
** [[Future Composer v1.x module]] (.fc)
** [[Future Composer v1.3 module]] (.fc13)
** [[Future Composer v1.4 module]] (.fc14)
* Future Composer (BSI)
** [[Future Composer (BSI) module]]
* [[Fuzzac Packer module]] (.fuzz)
* [[General Digital Music module]] (.gdm)
* [[GoatTracker module]] (.sng)
* [[Grave Composer module]] (.wow)
* Graoumf Tracker
** [[Graoumf Tracker module]] (.gtk)
** [[Graoumf Tracker 2 module]] (.gt2)
* [[Global Tracker v1.x module]] (.gtr)
* [[HeatSeeker Module Cruncher v1.0]] (.crb)
* [[Hively Tracker module]] (.hvl)
* [[Ice Tracker module]]
* [[Imago Orpheus module]] (.imf)
* Impulse Tracker
** [[Impulse Tracker module]] (.it, .itbz, .itgz, .itr, .itz)
** [[Impulse Tracker sample]] (.its)
* [[JAMCracker Pro module]] (.jam)
* jacker-tracker
** [[Jacker song]]
* klystrack
** [[klystrack instrument]] (.ki)
** [[klystrack module]] (.kt)
* [[KRIS Packer / ChipTracker module]] (.kris)
* Liquid Tracker
** [[Liquid Digitized Sample]] (.lds)
** [[Liquid Tracker module]] (.liq)
* MadTracker 2
** [[MadTracker 2 envelope]] (.mte)
** [[MadTracker 2 extension]] (.mtx)
** [[MadTracker 2 instrument]] (.mti)
** [[MadTracker 2 module]] (.mt2)
** [[MadTracker 2 pattern]] (.mtp)
** [[MadTracker 2 sample]] (.mts)
* maxYMiser
** [[maxYMiser instrument]] (.myi)
** [[maxYMiser module]] (.snd)
* [[Megatracker module]] (.mgt)
* [[MO3]] (MP3 / Vorbis compressed module)
* [[MOD Edit sample]] (.sam)
* [[Module Protector + noID]] (.mp)
* Microdeal Quartet
** [[4V]]
* [[MONOTONE]] (.mon, .pit, .frq)
* Moonblaster (MSX)
** [[Moonblaster music]] (.mbm)
** [[Moonblaster sample kit]] (.mbk)
* [[Multi Track Module]] (.mtm)
* Muse Tracker / Pornotracker
** [[Musetracker / Pornotracker instrument]] (.poi)
** [[Musetracker / Pornotracker module]] (.pom)
* Music Pro Tracker
** [[Music Pro Tracker DoublePlay]] (.mpd)
** [[Music Pro Tracker module (MD1)]] (.md1)
** [[Music Pro Tracker module (MD2)]] (.md2)
** [[Music Pro Tracker module (MPT)]] (.mpt)
* [[The Music Studio|Music Studio, The]] (Activision / Audio Light) (.sng, .song, .mss, .snd, .sound)
* [[Nerdtracker II module]] (.ned)
* [[NesTracker module]] (.nest)
* NoisePacker
** [[NoisePacker 2.x]] (.np2)
** [[NoisePacker 3.x]] (.np3)
* [[NoiseTracker module]] (.mod)
* [[Noisetrekker module]] (.ntk)
* OctaMED
** [[OctaMED module (MED)]] (.med)
** [[OctaMED module (MMD1)]] (.mmd1)
** [[OctaMED v2.00 module]] (.med3)
** [[OctaMED v2.10 module (MED4)]] (.med4)
** [[OctaMED v2.10 module (MMD0)]] (.mmd0)
** [[OctaMED v5 module]] (.mmd2)
** [[OctaMED SS module]] (.mmd3)
** [[MED Packer]] (.mmdc)
* Oktalyzer
** [[Oktalyzer module]] (.okt, .okta)
* [[Onyx Music File]] (.omf)
* [[Open MODPlug Tracker module]] (.mptm)
* [[Oracle module]] (.orc)
* [[Pha Packer]] (.pha)
* PlayerPRO
** [[Extended PlayerPRO module]] (.madx)
** [[PlayerPRO module]] (.mad)
* [[Polly Tracker module]]
* [[Poly Tracker module]] (.ptm)
* [[Polytone]] (.pol)
* [[Pro Sound Creator v1.xx]] (.psc, ZX Spectrum)
* [[Pro Sound Maker]] (.psm)
* Pro Tracker
** [[Pro Tracker v1.xx module]] (.pt1)
** [[Pro Tracker v2.xx module]] (.pt2)
** [[Pro Tracker v3.xx module]] (.pt3)
* [[Pro Tracker (MSX)]] (MSX-Music, extension unknown)
* ProTrekkr (.ptk)
* [[Pumatracker module]] (.puma)
* [[Quadra Composer module]] (.emod)
* [[RASTER Music Tracker module]] (.rmt)
* Real Tracker
** [[Real Tracker instrument]] (.rti)
** [[Real Tracker module]] (.rtm)
** [[Real Tracker sample]] (.rts)
* [[Renoise]]
** [[Renoise|Renoise song (XRNS)]] (.xrns)
** [[Renoise|Renoise instrument (XRNS)]] (.xrni)
** [[Renoise|Renoise effect chain (XRNT)]] (.xrnt)
** [[Renoise Song (NTK)]] (.ntk)
** [[Renoise Song (PTK)]] (.ptk)
** [[Renoise Song (RNS)]] (.rns)
* [[SBStudio module]] (.pac, .son, .sou)
* SCC Blaffer NT
** [[SCC Blaffer NT music]] (.sbm, MSX)
** [[SCC Blaffer NT instrument kit]] (.sbk)
* Scream Tracker
** [[Scream Tracker Music Interface Kit module]]
** [[Scream Tracker 1 & 2 module]] (.stm)
** [[Scream Tracker 3 Adlib module]] (.as3m)
** [[Scream Tracker 3 module]] (.s3m)
** [[Scream Tracker 3 / DigiTracker sample]] (.s31)
** [[Scream Tracker 3 / DigiTracker sample]] (.smp)
* [[SMUS]]
* [[SoundFX module]] (.sfx, .sfx2)
* Sound Tracker
** [[Soundtracker v2.6 / Ice Tracker module]] (.mtn)
** [[SoundTracker v2.6 module]] (.st26)
** [[Sound Tracker / Super Sonic module]] (.stc)
** [[Sound Tracker Pro module]] (.stp)
* [[SoundSmith module]] (.mtp)
* Soundtrakker
** [[Soundtrakker 128 instrument]] (.ins)
** [[Soundtrakker 128 module]] (.128)
** [[Soundtrakker v1.x instrument]] (.ins)
** [[Soundtrakker v1.x module]] (.sng)
* [[SQ-Tracker module]] (.sqt)
* [[Starkos Tracker module]] (.sks)
* [[StarTrekker / Star Tracker module]] (.mod, .nt, .flt4)
* [[SunVox module]] (.sunvox)
* TFMX
** [[TFMX pattern data]] (.mdat)
** [[TFMX 7V pattern data]] (.mdat)
** [[TFMX Pro pattern data]] (.mdat)
** [[TFMX sample data]] (.smpl)
* Theta Music Composer
** [[Theta Music Composer 8-channel stereo module]] (.tm8)
** [[Theta Music Composer v1.x module]] (.tmc)
** [[Theta Music Composer v2.x module]] (.tm2)
* [[Trackerpacker 3 module]] (.tp3)
* [[Unic Tracker 1.0]] (.unic1)
* [[Unic Tracker 2.0]] (.unic2)
* [[Ultra Tracker]] (.ult)
* [[Velvet_Studio]] (.ams)
* [[VIC-TRACKER module]] (.vt)
* [[Vortex Tracker module]] (.vtx)
* X-Tracker
** [[D-Lusion Music File]] (.dmf)
** [[D-Lusion Sound File]] (.dms)

== Musical instrument control ==

* [[ELECTONE]] - For Yamaha Electone Range Electronic Organs
** [[BOO]] - Part of the [[ELECTONE]] format.
** [[EVT]] - Part of the [[ELECTONE]] format.
* MIDI & Clones
** [[Compact MIDI]]
** [[GMD]] ([[MIDI]] clone)
** [[Gravis Ultrasound patch]] (used by MIDI synthesizers)
** [[HMI]] ([[MIDI]] clone)
** [[HMP]] ([[MIDI]] clone)
** [[HMZ]] (Compressed [[MIDI]])
** [[KAR]] ([[MIDI]] Audio)
** [[MIDI]] (Musical Instrument Digital Interface)
*** [[MIDI Instrument Definition File]]
** [[MIDS]] ([[MIDI]] clone)
** [[MIZ]] (Compressed [[MIDI]])
** [[MSS (MIDI)|MSS]] ([[MIDI]] Clone)
** [[RIFF MIDI]]
** [[RIFF MIDS]]
** [[Sample Vision]] (.smp)
** [[Scalable Polyphony MIDI]]
** [[sfArk]] (SoundFont archive compressed file)
** [[SoundFont 1.0]] (.sbk)
** [[SoundFont 2.0]] (.sf2)
** [[Synthetic Music Application Format]]
** [[XMI (Extended MIDI)]]
** [[ZIPI]] (proposed MIDI replacement)
* Hardware specific
** AdLib Sound Cards
*** [[AdLib instrument]] (.ins)
*** [[AdLib instrument bank]] (.bnk)
*** [[AdLib MSCplay]] (.msc)
*** [[AdLib music]] (.mus)
*** Adlib Tracker
**** [[Adlib Tracker instrument]] (.ins)
**** [[Adlib Tracker module]] (.sng)
**** [[Adlib Tracker II instrument]] (.a2i)
**** [[Adlib Tracker II instrument|Adlib Tracker II instrument with fm-register macro]] (.a2f)
**** [[Adlib Tracker II instrument bank]] (.a2b)
**** [[Adlib Tracker II instrument bank|Adlib Tracker II instrument bank with macros]] (.a2w)
**** [[Adlib Tracker II module]] (.a2m)
**** [[Adlib Tracker II pattern]] (.a2p)
**** [[Adlib Tracker II module|Adlib Tracker II tiny module]] (.a2t)
*** [[AdLib Visual Composer / Roland Synthesizer song]] (.rol)
*** AMusic
**** [[AMusic module]] (.amd)
**** [[AMusic XMS]] (.xms)
*** [[Beni Tracker module]] (.pis)
*** [[Bob's Adlib Music]] (.bam)
*** Boom Tracker v4.0
**** [[Boom Tracker v4.0 instrument]] (.cif)
**** [[Boom Tracker v4.0 module]] (.cff)
*** [[DeFy Adlib Tracker module]] (.dtm)
*** [[Digital FM module]] (.dfm)
*** [[Drum Traker module]] (.dtl)
*** [[EdLib packed module]] (.d00)
*** [[Exotic AdLib module]] (.xad)
*** [[Extra Simple Music]] (.xsm)
*** [[Faust Music Creator module]] (.sng)
*** [[FM Tracker module]] (.fmt)
*** FM-Kingtracker
**** [[FM-Kingtracker bank]] (.fib)
**** [[FM-Kingtracker instrument]] (.fin)
**** [[FM-Kingtracker module]] (.fmk)
*** HSC AdLib Composer / HSC-Tracker
**** [[HSC AdLib Composer / HSC-Tracker module]] (.hsc)
**** [[HSC AdLib Composer / HSC-Tracker packed module]] (.hsp)
*** [[JBM Adlib Music]] (.jbl)
*** JCH
**** [[JCH-D00]] (.d00)
**** [[JCH-D01]] (.d01)
*** [[Johannes Bjerregård module]] (.jbm)
*** [[Master Tracker module]] (.mtr)
*** [[MK-Jamz audio]] (.mkj)
*** [[Mlat Adlib Tracker module]] (.mad)
*** [[MPU-401 Trakker module]] (.mtk)
*** [[Palladix module]] (.plx)
*** [[RAW (Adlib)|RAW]] (AdLib Sound Card)
*** [[Reality AdLib Tracker module]] (.rad)
*** [[SNG Player module]] (.sng)
*** Surprise! Adlib Tracker
**** [[Surprise! AdLib Tracker v1, 5, 6 module]] (.sat)
**** [[Surprise! Adlib Tracker v2.0]] (.sa2)
*** [[Twin TrackPlayer module]] (.dmo)
*** [[Vibrants module]] (.vib)
*** [[XMS-Tracker module]] (.xms)
** Akai
*** [[Akai S-series MESA multi file]] (.mlt)
*** [[Akai S-series MESA I program]] (.prg)
*** [[Akai S-series MESA II program]] (.s3p)
** [[Codisk Audio File]]
** Creative Labs
*** [[Creative Music Format]] (.cmf)
*** [[Creative Voice File]]
*** [[Sound Blaster Instrument]] (.sbi)
** [[Disney Sound Source]]
** [[DOSBox Raw OPL]] (.dro)
** [[Downloadable Sounds Banks]] (.dls)
** [[Ensoniq Concert Wavetable]] (.ecw)
** Gravis Ultrasound
*** [[UltraSound GF1 patch]] (.pat)
** [[Instrument Bank]] (Instrument Bank)
** [[Software Music Synthesis System]] (for 8080/Z-80 systems with S-100 bus)
** [[TRS-80 Orchestra-90]] (.orc)
** [[Voice Sequence]] (.vsq)
** Yamaha sound chips
*** [[Callus OPL Register Log]] (YM2151, .cym)
*** [[GYM]] (YM2612 / Sega Genesis)
* Software Synthesizers
** [[Farbrausch BR404 music]] (.bmf)
** [[iZotope iDrum]] (.idrum)
** Native Instruments
*** [[Native Instruments Reaktor ensemble]] (.ens)
** Steinberg VST Presets
*** [[FXB]] (Bank of presets)
*** [[FXP]] (single preset)
* [[E-Seq]] Yamaha (.fil, .esq)

== Musical notation ==

* [[Drum tablature]]
* [[Guitar tablatures]]
** [[ASCII tab]] (.tab, .btab, .txt)
** [[Guitar Pro]] (.gtp)
*** [[Guitar Pro 3]] (.gp3)
*** [[Guitar Pro 4]] (.gp4)
*** [[Guitar Pro 5]] (.gp5)
*** [[Guitar Pro 6]] (.gp6)
** [[KGuitar]] (.kg)
** [[Power Tab]] (.ptb)
** [[Progression]]
** [[Rich MIDI Tablature Format]] (.rmtf)
** [[TablEdit]] (.tef)
** [[VexTab]]

* [[Musical notation]]
** [[ABC (musical notation)]]
** [[ANSI Music]]
** Capella
*** [[CAP]]
*** [[CapXML]] (.capx)
** [[ChordML]]
** [[ConcertWare]]
** Copyist
*** [[CP4]]
*** [[CP6]]
** [[Crescendo]] (.cdo)
** [[Dorico]] (.dorico)
** [[Encore]] (.enc)
** [[Extended Notation Format]] (.enf)
** [[Extensible Music Notation Markup Language]]
** [[Finale]] (.etf, .mus, .musx)
** [[Forte]] (.fnf)
** Guido
*** [[GUIDO]]
*** [[GUIDO XML]]
** JMSL
*** [[JMSL]]
*** [[JMSL Score]]
** [[JScoreML]]
** [[LilyPond]]
** [[MEI]]
** [[MHTML]]
** [[MidiXML]]
** [[minimusic]]
** [[MPEG4-SMR]]
** [[Mup]]
** MuseScore
*** [[MSCX]] - [[XML|XML file format]]
*** [[MSCZ]] - [[ZIP]] compressed [[MSCX]]
** [[Music Description Language]]
** [[Music Markup Language]]
** [[Music Time]] (.mus)
** [[Music Time Pro]] (.mts)
** [[Musical Notation Markup Language]]
** [[MusicML]]
** [[MusicWrite]] (.mwk)
** [[MusicXML]]
** [[MusicXML compressed]] (.mxl)
** [[Musink]] (.musink)
** [[MusiqueXML]]
** [[MusiXML]]
** [[Myriad Software]] (.msf)
** [[NeumesXML]]
** [[Neuratron Photoscore Format]] (.opt)
** [[Notation Interchange File Format]]
** [[NoteAbility Pro]]
** [[Noteworthy Composer and Music Publisher]] (.nwc)
** [[NoteWriter]]
** [[Notion]]
** [[NtEd]]
** [[Overture]] (.ove)
** [[PriMus]]
** [[Rhapsody Notation Program File]] (.rhp)
** [[Rhapsody 2/3]] (RISC OS. Unrelated to the above "Rhapsody Notation Program File")
** [[Rhapsody 4]] (RISC OS, .c00)
** [[Rosegarden]] (.rg)
** [[QuickScore Elite]] (.qsd)
** [[SCORE]] (.mus)
** [[Score Perfect]] (.spp)
** [[ScoreML]]
** [[ScoreWriter]] (.scw)
** [[Sibelius]]
** [[SMDL]]
** [[SongWrite]]
** [[Studio Session Song]] (.sss)
** [[Theta]]
** [[Tilia]]
** [[VexTab]]
** [[Virtual Musician Markup Language]]
** [[WEDELMUSIC]]
** [[XMF]]
** [[XMusic]]
** [[XScore]] (eXtensible Score Language)

== Playlists, music libraries, music store downloaders ==

* [[Amazon downloader file]] (.amz)
* [[B4S]] (Winamp 3 playlist)
* [[FPL]] (foobar2000 playlist)
* [[iTunes Music Library]]
* [[Kapsule]] (Kazaa XML Manifest)
* [[KPL]] (Kazaa Playlist Format)
* [[M3U]] (Multimedia Playlist Format)
* [[MAGMA]] ([[Magnet URI]])
* [[MOD4WIN Module List]] (.mol)
* [[MusicBee Library]] (.mbl)
* [[PLS]] (Multimedia Playlist)
* [[RAM (RealAudio)]]
* [[SMIL]] (W3C open standard)
* [[Windows Media Metafile]] (.asx, .wax, .wxv)
* [[Windows Media Playlist]] (.wpl)
* [[XML Sharable Playlist]]

== Programming languages and APIs (audio/music-specific) ==

* [[ChucK]] (.ck)
* [[Csound]] (.csd, .orc, .sco)
* Cycling 74 [[Max]] (.maxpat, .max)
* [[FAUST]] (.dsp)
* [[Music Macro Language]]
* Native Instruments [[Reaktor]] (.rkplr)
* [[Pure Data]] (.pd)
* [[Scala (music software)]] (.kbm, .scl, .cmd)
* [[SuperCollider]] (.scd, .sc)
* [[WaveGL]]
* [[Web Audio API]]

== Ringtones ==

* [[i Melody]]
* [[M4R]] (Apple iPhone Ringtones - see [[M4A]])
* [[Polyphonic ringtone]]
* [[RTTTL]]

== Signal processing ==

These aren't specific file formats, but generic mathematical methods used by other file formats.

* [[A-law]]
* [[ADPCM]]
* [[DPCM]]
* [[LPCM]]
* [[Pulse code modulation]]
* [[µ-law]] (u-law)

== Software ==

Refer to [[Audio software]].

== Sound card related formats ==

* [[CMS (Creative Music System)]]

== Speech synthesis ==

* [[Microsoft TTS voice data]] (.vce, .spd)
* [[Microsoft TTS voice definition]] (.cfg, .sdf)
* [[Speech Synthesis Markup Language]] (SSML)
* [[TextGrid]]
* [[VoiceDescription]] (OS X)

== Unclassified (need to move to other categories) ==

* [[ACM]] (Audio Compression Manager)
* [[ADM]] (ADM Audio File)
* [[AIL real mode driver]]
* [[Audfprint fingerprint file]] (.afpk)
* [[AVR]]
* [[B1S]]
* [[BDSP]] (BotDetect Sound Package)
* [[BVG]]
* [[CBD2]]
* CLF
** [[Common Loudspeaker Format]]
** [[Common Instrument Format]]
* [[DeskMate Music]] (.sng)
* [[DeskMate Sound]] (.snd)
* [[DIGPAK sound driver]]
* [[DSM]] (DSIK Internal)
* [[DSPW]]
* [[DTK]]
* [[EUPHONY]] (FM Towns computer system)
* [[FFW]]
* [[First Rate Music Hall]] (.pck, MSX-Music song editor using [[Music Macro Language]])
* [[GBTS]]
* [[GCUB]]
* [[GSB]]
* [[HLWAV]]
* [[IAB]]
* [[IADP]]
* [[INT]] (RAW File)
* [[ISWS]]
* [[JSTM]]
* [[KOVS]]
* [[MA]] (Music Assembler)
* [[Micronas SC4]]
* [[MNSTR]]
* [[MSF]]
* [[MT9]]
* [[MTAF]]
* [[Photo CD Audio]]
* [[PIANOMAN PLAYER PIANO self-playing song]]
* [[S98]] (NEC PC-98)
* [[SD]] (ESPS sampled data file)
* [[SFPack]]
* [[SGI (Sound Generator)|SGI]] (Sound Generator 3.0 instrument)
* [[SigmaStudio]] (.dspproj)
* [[SNG (SCC Musixx)|SNG]] (SCC Musixx)
* [[Somera Sound Format]]
* [[Sound Club song]]
* [[Sound Description Interchange Format]] (SDIF)
* [[Sound Effect Editor]] (.see, MSX)
* [[SoundHelix XML]]
* [[TFMX]] (TFMX)
* [[TSAC]] [https://bellard.org/tsac/]
* [[VCOMP (Blaster Master)]]
* [[Vivaldi]] (RISC OS)
* [[WAVTOEXE (Rezaul Kabir)]]
* [[Zsound Music]]

See the Open Cubic Player homepage for a list of demo formats: http://www.cubic.org/player/features.html

See also [[Piano Rolls]] (which is under the [[Physical File Formats]]).

== Links ==
* [http://boingboing.net/2013/09/20/kickstarting-free-open-record.html Kickstarting free, open recordings of Bach's "Well-Tempered Clavier, Book 1"]
* [http://mpc-hc.org/ MPC-HC: media player for Windows handling just about all video/audio formats]
* [http://boingboing.net/2013/09/27/david-byrnes-how-music-wor.html How Music Works]
* [http://www.textfiles.com/programming/FORMATS/admusfmt.pro Some discussion of "advanced music formats" from 1994]
* [http://www.textfiles.com/programming/FORMATS/audiof23.txt FAQ on audio file formats (1992-07-09)]
* [http://boingboing.net/2013/11/03/this-must-be-the-8-bit-place.html Chiptune version of Talking Heads song]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Z2vU8M6CYI Beatles 3000: humorous video of how the future might misunderstand 20th century pop culture if artifacts decay as happened in the past]
* [http://publicdomainreview.tumblr.com/post/76437123224/chaoscontrolled123-luke-and-i-were-looking-at The Music Written on This Dude's Butt]
* [http://vimeo.com/58200103 "Eye of the tiger" played on a modified dot matrix printer]
* [http://chipflip.wordpress.com/2014/03/09/a-short-history-of-hardcore-chipmusic/ A Short History of Hardcore Chipmusic]
* [https://medium.com/message/you-need-to-hear-this-extremely-rare-recording-27619411e077 You Need to Hear This Extremely Rare Recording]
* [http://www.loc.gov/preservation/resources/rfs/audio.html Library of Congress Recommended Format Specifications: Audio Works]
* [http://betaboston.com/news/2014/07/17/in-a-bid-for-more-emotional-snacking-frito-lay-patents-culinary-theme-songs/ In a bid for more emotional snacking, Frito-Lay patents culinary theme songs]
* [http://www.theverge.com/2014/8/4/5968243/mit-turns-recorded-vibrations-back-into-speech-and-music Scientists reconstruct speech through soundproof glass by watching a bag of potato chips]
* [http://www.palmbeachpost.com/ap/ap/business/apple-releases-tool-to-remove-free-u2-album/nhNG9/ Apple releases tool to remove free U2 album] (which they gave you whether you wanted it or not)
* [https://github.com/AyrA/ExcelPlayer Excel sheet that plays video and audio]
* [http://webaudio.github.io/web-audio-api/ Web Audio API (W3C)]
* [http://www.wonderingsound.com/feature/why-collecting-music-matters/ Why Collecting Matters: Citizen Archivists and the Battle for Future Pasts]
* [http://mediaarea.net/en/MediaInfo MediaInfo: software that shows metadata for audio/video files]
* [http://www.bl.uk/projects/save-our-sounds Save our Sounds]
* [http://www.davidsystems.com/#tools David Systems tools: includes online loudness analysis of sound files]
* [http://createdigitalmusic.com/2015/07/next-web-standard-music-notation/ The next Web standard could be music notation]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q_3d1x2VPxk How Oldschool Sound/Music worked] (video)
* [http://www.crutchfield.com/S-ulligiNLBZf/learn/learningcenter/home/hometheater_surround.html Understanding surround sound formats]
* [http://www.righto.com/2017/04/reverse-engineering-76477-space.html Reverse engineering the 76477 "Space Invaders" sound effect chip from die photos]

[[Category:Audio and Music| ]]

Graphics

2026-04-02T19:28:19Z

Jsummers: /* Raster Graphics Formats */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|thiscat=Graphics
|image=Mona Lisa, by Leonardo da Vinci, from C2RMF retouched.jpg
|caption=Mona Lisa
}}
[[Electronic_File_Formats|Electronic Formats]] concerned with Image Data.

''See also:''
* [[3D and CAD/CAM Models]]
* [[Animation]]
* [[Cameras and Digital Image Sensors]]
* [[Fonts]]
* [[Geospatial]]
* [[Health and Medicine#Medical Imaging]]
* [[Page description languages]]
* [[Scientific Data formats]]
* [[Video]]
''Other lists of formats:''
* [[Amiga graphics formats]]
* [[Apple II graphics formats]]
* [[Atari graphics formats]]
* [[Commodore graphics formats]]
* [[Fax formats]]

== Animated image formats ==
See also [[Animation]], [[Video]].

* [[APNG]]
* [[GFY]]
* [[GIF]]
* [[GIFV]]
* [[IFF-DEEP]]
* [[Just Buttons BTN]]
* [[MNG]]
* [[Naïve Image Formats]] (NII, NIA)
* [[OIL (OpenIL)]]
* [[PGX (Portfolio)]]
* [[Ugoira]]
* [[XNG]]

Other image formats supporting animation, but not usually thought of as animation formats, include [[AVIF]], [[HEIF]], [[JPEG XL]], [[JPX]], and [[WebP]].

== Character-based graphics ==
See [[Character encoding]] for details of character sets, some of which include graphical or line-and-box-drawing characters.

* [[2500x]]
* [[ANSI Art]] (.ans)
* [[ANSI escape code]]
* [[AN2]]
* [[ArtWorx Data Format]] (.adf)
* [[ASCII Art]]
* [[Ascii-Art Editor]]
* [[AVATAR]] (FidoNet)
* [[BIN (Binary Text)]]
* [[BSAVE Image]]
* [[CebraText]]
* [[ComAnsi]] (.anc)
* [[Dir Logo Maker]]
* [[Fontastic COM format]]
* [[iCEDraw]] (.idf)
* [[Instant Graphics and Sound]] (.ig, .igs)
* [[Laughing Dog Screen Maker]] (.dog)
* [[Laughing Dog Screen Maker COM file]]
* [[MZM]] (.mzm)
* [[Nitrogen Fingers Paint]] (NFP)
* [[Nitrogen Fingers Text]] (NFT)
* [[P-Screen COM Screen]]
* [[PCBoard]] (.pcb)
* [[PIX (PIcture in teXt)]] (sets up custom characters to show raster image in text mode)
* [[RIPscrip]] (or RIPscript)
* [[Semi-Graphic logos Editor]]
* [[sMAUG ANSI Executable]]
* [[TheDraw COM File]]
* [[TheDraw Save File]] (.td)
* [[TUNDRA]] (.tnd)
* [[XBIN]] (.xb)

== Colors ==
(Profiles, color spaces, [[palettes]], swatches)
* [[Adobe RGB (1998)]]
* [[Adobe Swatch Exchange]] (.ase)
* [[Atari ST color palette]]
* [[Color Exchange Format]] (.cxf)
* [[Color format]]
* [[Commodore 64 color palette]]
* [[DAT (Build Engine Palette)]]
* [[DNG camera profile]]
* [[Dr. Halo PAL]]
* [[GIMP Palette]]
* [[ICC profile]]
* [[PAL (Dark Reign)]]
* [[Photoshop Curve]]
* [[Photoshop Transfer Function]]
* [[RIFF Palette File]]
* [[sRGB]]
* [[Web-safe colors]]
* [[YUV]]
* [[Look-up Tables]]
** [[Apple Color 3D LUT]] (.mga)
** [[AutoDesk 3D LUT]] (.3dl)
** [[Common LUT Format]] (.clf)
** [[cineSpace LUT]] (.csp)
** [[LUTS]] Look-up Tables (.cube)
** [[SPI LUT]] (.spi1d, .spi3d)

== Compression ==

Graphics compression algorithms, special-purpose compressed graphics formats, etc.

See also [[Compression]], for general-purpose algorithms.

* [[Brunsli]]
* [[CCITT Group 3]]
* [[CCITT Group 4]]
* [[DCT compression]] (e.g. lossy [[JPEG]])
* [[Genus Graphics Library]]
* [[GIFBLAST]] (.gfb)
* [[Gifpress]] (.gps)
* [[ImageZero]]
* [[JBIG]]
* [[JBIG2]]
* [[JPEG]]
* [[JPEG 2000 codestream]]
* [[JPEG-LS]]
* [[Lepton]]
* [[LOCO-I]] (Low Complexity Lossless Compression for Images)
* [[MAG (GIF archiver)]]
* [[Mixed Raster Content]] (MRC, T.44)
* [[Modified Huffman]]
* [[Modified Modified READ]]
* [[Modified READ]]
* [[NeXT 2-bit RLE]]
* [[PackBits]]
* [[packJPG]] (.pjg)
* [[packPNM]] (.ppn)
* [[PKP]]
* [[Rawzor]]
* [[RK Image]] (.rki)
* [[Run-length colour encoding]] (T.45)
* [[Run-length encoding]]
* [[StuffIt Image Format]] (SIF)
* [[ThunderScan compression]]
* [[UHIC]]
* [[Wavelet compression]]

== Icon, Cursor, and Avatar files ==
(Formats often used for icons, cursors, avatars, thumbnails, etc.)

* [[Amiga Workbench icon]] (.info)
* [[AMOS Icon Bank]]
* [[Windows Animated Cursor|ANI (Windows Animated Cursor)]]
* [[Apple File and App Icons]]
* [[CompuLog]]
* [[CUR]] (Microsoft Windows cursors)
** [[Windows 1.0 Cursor]]
* [[CursorFX]]
* [[CursorXP]]
* [[DEGAS Elite icon]] (.icn)
* [[EPOC AIF]]
* [[Favicon]]
* [[Foto-Mosaic-Edda Database]]
* [[GEM resource file]] (.rsc)
* [[GlowIcons]]
* [[Graphic Workshop Thumbnail]] (.thn)
* [[Haiku Vector Icon Format]]
* [[HP 100LX/200LX icon]] (.icn)
* [[HTA (Hemera)]]
* [[ICDRAW icon]]
* [[ICN (FM Towns)]]
* [[ICNS]] (Apple/Macintosh Icon)
* [[ICO]] (Microsoft Windows icons)
** [[Windows 1.0 Icon]]
* [[Icon Heaven library]] (.fim)
* [[The Icon Librarian|Icon Librarian, The]]
* [[Icon library]]
** [[Icon library (Easy Icons)]] (.icl)
** [[Icon library (hDC Icon Designer)]] (.il)
** [[Icon library (Impact Software)]] (.icl)
** [[Icon library (Norton Icon Editor)]] (.nil)
* [[Icon Manager icon archive]] (.ica)
* [[IconPackager]] (.zip, .iptheme, .ip, .iconpackager)
* [[IconVG]] (.ivg)
* [[Ikon|Ikon (Bell Labs)]]
* [[Image Gallery (Alchemy Mindworks)]] (.gal)
* [[Imageiio/imaginfo (Ulead)]] (.pe3, .pe4)
* [[Image Librarian]] (.ril)
* [[iThmb]] (iOS thumbnail images)
* [[Lotus Smart Icon]] (.smi)
* [[Magic Desk icon]] (.icn)
* [[Micrografx Icon]] (.icn)
* [[MonkeyLogo]]
* [[MTN]] (Monu-CAD thumbnail) (.mtn)
* [[NeoDesk icon]] (.nic)
* [[NewIcons]]
* [[Nokia Group Graphic]] (.ngg)
* [[Nokia Logo Manager bitmap‎]] (.nlm)
* [[Nokia Operator Logo]] (.nol)
* [[Nokia Picture Message]] (.npm)
* [[Nokia Startup Logo]] (.nsl)
* [[OLPC 565]]
* [[OS/2 Icon]]
* [[OS/2 Pointer]] (.ptr)
* [[PaintShop Pro Browser Cache]] (pspbrwse.jbf)
* [[Photoshop Thumbnail Cache]]
* [[Picture Catalog (Spinnaker .CAT)]]
* [[PixFolio catalog]]
* [[Portfolio catalog]]
* [[PowerAlbum]]
* [[RIPscrip Icon]] (RIPterm Image, .icn)
* [[Sony Mavica 411]]
* [[SRF (Garmin vehicle)]]
* [[Sun icon]]
* [[SuperJPG thumbnail cache]] (superjpg.tnc)
* [[Template Catalog (Spinnaker .TCT)]]
* [[ThumbsPlus database]]
* [[ToyBox icon]]
* [[Windows thumbnail cache]] (Thumbs.db)
* [[Xbox Live Avatar]]
* [[Xcursor]]
* [[X-Face]]
* [[XV thumbnail]]
* [[ZoomBrowser Ex thumbnail cache]] (ZbThumbnail.info)

== Metadata Formats ==

* [[AFCP]]
* [[Exif]]
* [[IPTC-IIM]] (or NAA)
* [[IPTC Photo Metadata]]
* [[MakerNote]]
* [[MIX (metadata)|MIX]]
* [[net.CyberCards]]
* [[Photoshop Image Resources]]
* [[SAUCE]]
* [[XMP]]

== Online/Networked Formats ==
(while any image format can be used online and through a network, these are specifically designed to be accessed remotely via an API)
* [[IIIF|IIIF – The International Image Interoperability Framework]]

== Programming languages ==
(Graphic-specific programming languages; see [[Programming Languages]] for general languages)

* [[Anim8or Scripting Language]]
* [[Blitz3D]]
* [[CEEMAC]]
* [[High Level Shading Language]] (HLSL) (uses byte array header files)
* [[OpenGL Shading Language]] (GLSL)
* [[PostScript]]
* [[Processing]]
* [[RenderWare object]] (.rwx)
* [[SCODL]]

== Raster Graphics Formats ==

* [[AAI]] (Dune image)
* [[ABC (LEADTOOLS)]] (Advanced Bitonal Compression)
* [[Abekas YUV]] (.yuv) (Diskus and Quantel QNV varieties of YUV files are apparently similar)
* [[Ability Office PhotoPaint]] (.apx)
* [[ACDSee Image]] (.apd, .acdc)
* [[Acorn Sprite]]
* [[ADEX IMG]]
* [[ADRG]]
* [[Advanced Art Studio]]
* [[Affinity Photo]] (.afphoto)
* [[AFLI-Editor]]
* [[AIPD]]
* [[Alias PIX]]
* [[Alpha Microsystems BMP]]
* [[Amber ARR Bitmap Image]]
* [[Amica Paint]]
* [[AMOS Picture Bank]]
* [[AMOS Sprite Bank]]
* [[Analyze AVW]]
* [[Animator PIC/CEL]]
* [[Animator Pro PIC]]
* [[Anime 4ever slideshow]]
* [[ANSI 379]]
* [[ANSI 381]]
* [[AP*]]
* [[Apac3 APP]]
* [[Aperio SVS]]
* [[Apple volume label image]]
* [[Applixware Bitmap]]
* [[Adaptive Prediction Trees|APT]]
* [[ARF (Axon Raw Format)]]
* [[ARN (Astronomical Research Network)]]
* [[ART (AOL compressed image)]]
* [[ART (PFS: First Publisher)]]
* [[Art Director]]
* [[ArtMaster88]]
* [[Async Professional Fax]] (.apf)
* [[AtariCAD]] (.drg)
* [[AtariGraphics]]
* [[Atari Graphics Studio]]
* [[Atari Interlaced Studio]]
* [[AtariTools-800]]
* [[ATR (ZX Spectrum)]]
* [[Augmented PFM]]
* [[AVIF]]
* [[AVS X image]]
* [[Award BIOS logo]]
* [[AWD (Artweaver)]]
* [[AWD (At Work Document)]]
* [[BBC Micro mode image]]
* [[BCIF]]
* [[BEF]]
* [[BFLI]]
* [[BGI image]]
* [[BIF (byLight)]]
* [[BIF (Image Alchemy)]]
* [[BigTIFF]]
* [[BioRad confocal image]]
* [[Blazing Paddles]] (.pi, .wnd)
* [[BLP]]
* [[BMF (Dmitry Shkarin)]]
* [[BMG (Bert's Coloring Programs)]]
* [[BMI (Zoner)]]
* [[BMP]] (Windows BMP and OS/2 BMP)
* [[Bob ray tracer bitmap]]
* [[Border Screen]]
* [[BPG]]
* [[BRender PIX]]
* [[BRUHIFF]]
* [[BSAVE Image]]
* [[BSB]] (BSB/KAP)
* [[BSP (ZX Spectrum)]]
* [[BTPC]]
* [[Bugbiter APAC239i]]
* [[CADRG]]
* [[Calamus Raster Graphic]] (.crg)
* [[CALS raster]]
* [[Casio CAM]] (.cam)
* [[Canvas (Atari)‎]] (.cpt, .cnv)
* [[Cartesian Perceptual Compression]] (CPC)
* [[CD5]] (Chasys Draw)
* [[CD-I IFF IMAG]]
* [[CDU-Paint]]
* [[Centauri Logo Editor]]
* [[CgBI]]
* [[CH$]]
* [[Champions' Interlace]]
* [[CharPad‎]]
* [[Cheese]] (.che)
* [[Cineon]]
* [[Cisco IP Phone image]]
* [[Clear (RISC OS graphics format)|Clear]]
* [[Cloé picture]]
* [[CMP]]
* [[CMU Andrew Toolkit image]] (.cmu)
* [[CMU Window Manager bitmap]]
* [[COKE (Atari Falcon)]]
* [[ColoRIX]] (RIX)
* [[Color RLE]]
* [[ColorViewSquash]] (.rgb)
* [[C.O.L.R. Object Editor]]
* [[Command Simulations ILBM]]
* [[CompuServe RLE]]
* [[ComputerEyes]]
* [[Corel Photo House]] (.cps)
* [[Corel Photo-Paint image]] (.cpt)
* [[Corel Wavelet]] (.wi)
* [[CPA (PRISM)]]
* [[CPI (ColorLab)]]
* [[Crack Art]] (.ca1, .ca2, .ca3)
* [[CUPS Raster]]
* [[CUT (Amstrad)]]
* [[Cyber Paint Cell]]
* [[Dali]]
* [[DataShow GRA]]
* [[DataShow Sprite]]
* [[DaVinci]]
* [[DCS]] (Desktop Color Separation)
* [[DCT (Crash Barrier)]]
* [[DCX]] (ZSoft IBM PC multi-page Paintbrush)
* [[DEGAS Elite brush]]
* [[DEGAS image]] (.pi1, .pi2, .pi3, .pc1, .pc2, .pc3)
* [[DelmPaint]]
* [[DeskMate Paint]] (.pnt)
* [[DeskPic]]
* [[DESR VFF]]
* [[Dexxa TIFF]]
* [[DGI (Digi-Pic)]]
* [[D-GRAPH]]
* [[DICOM]] (.dcm)
* [[Diddle sketch]]
* [[DiddleBug sketch]]
* [[Digi Paint]]
* [[DIN]]
* [[DirectDraw Surface]] (.dds)
* [[DjVu]]
* [[DM2]]
* [[DM3]]
* [[DM4]]
* [[DNG]]
* [[Doodle (Atari)]] (.doo)
* [[Doodle! (C64)]] (.dd, .jj)
* [[Doré Raster]]
* [[DPX]] (SMTPE DPX)
* [[Draw256]] (.vga)
* [[DrawIt (Atari)]]
* [[Drazlace]]
* [[Drazpaint]] (.drz, .drp)
* [[Dr. Halo CUT]]
* [[Dr. Halo PIC]]
* [[DuneGraph]]
* [[DUO]]
* [[DVI]] (Intel DVI, Digital Video Interface, Intel Real-Time Video)
* [[DXP (image format)|DXP]]
* [[ECI Graphic Editor]]
* [[Eclipse TILE]]
* [[ECW]] (Enhanced Compression Wavelet)
* [[EggPaint]] (.trp)
* [[Elecard Wavelet Image]] (.wlt)
* [[Enhanced Simplex]] (.esm)
* [[Envision]]
* [[EPOC MBM]] (Symbian Multibitmap)
* [[EPOC Sketch]]
* [[EPSILON]]
* [[Epson Printer Bitmaps]]
* [[ERDAS Imagine IMG]]
* [[ERDAS LAN/GIS]]
* [[ERI (Lashade Entis)]]
* [[ER Mapper Raster]] (.ers)
* [[Esm Software PIX]]
* [[Extended DEGAS image]]
* [[EZ-Art Professional]]
* [[Face Painter]] (.fpt, .fcp)
* [[FaceSaver]]
* [[Falcon True Color]] (.ftc)
* [[farbfeld]]
* [[Fastgraph Pixel Run Format]]
* [[FastSpr sprite file]]
* [[FAXX]] (IFF-FAXX)
* [[FBM image]] (Fuzzy Bitmap)
* [[FFLI]]
* [[FIASCO]]
* [[FIF (Fractal Image Format)]]
* [[Fireworks PNG]] (Adobe)
* [[FL32 (FilmLight)]]
* [[FlashPix]] (.fpx)
* [[Flexible Image Transport System]] (FITS)
* [[Flexible Line Interpretation]] (FLI)
* [[FLIF]]
* [[FLI Graph]]
* [[FLIP]]
* [[FLI Profi]]
* [[Floor Designer]]
* [[FMAC2COM]]
* [[FONTASY graphics]]
* [[FRA (Fractint)]]
* [[Freedom of Press]]
* [[FSH (EA Sports)]]
* [[FUIF]]
* [[Fullscreen Construction Kit]]
* [[Funpaint]]
* [[Fun with Art]]
* [[G9B]]
* [[GAF (Total Annihilation)]]
* [[GD image format]]
* [[GD2 image format]]
* [[GED]]
* [[GEM Raster]] (.img)
* [[GEM-View Dither‎]]
* [[Gephard Hires Graphics]]
* [[geoPaint]]
* [[GeoTIFF]]
* [[GFA Artist]] (.art)
* [[GIF]] (Graphics Interchange Format)
* [[GIFEXE]]
* [[Giga Cad]]
* [[Gigascreen]]
* [[GIMP Animated Brush]] (.gih)
* [[GIMP Brush]] (.gbr)
* [[GIMP Pattern]] (.pat)
* [[GLE]]
* [[GoDot]] (.4bt)
* [[GodPaint]] (.god)
* [[GR*]]
* [[GRABBER]]
* [[Graph2Font]]
* [[Graphics Processor]]
* [[Graphic Workshop self-displaying picture]]
* [[Graph Saurus]]
* [[Grass' Slideshow]]
* [[GrayPaint]]
* [[GRF (Amstrad)]]
* [[GRFX]]
* [[GRIB]] (Gridded Binary)
* [[GROB]]
* [[Gunpaint]]
* [[GX1]]
* [[GX2]]
* [[Hard Interlace Picture]]
* [[HCI]]
* [[HEIF]]
* [[Hemera Photo-Object]]
* [[Hi-Eddi]] (.hed)
* [[Hi-Pic Creator]] (.hpc)
* [[hipix]]
* [[HIPS]]
* [[Hires-Bitmap]]
* [[Hires FLI Designer]]
* [[Hires Interlace]]
* [[Hires Manager]]
* [[HiRes Player Missile]]
* [[HLR]]
* [[HMR]] (Bentley Systems bitmap file, connected in some way to GeoTIFF)
* [[HP Paintjet]]
* [[HP Photo Album]]
* [[HR (TRS-80)]] (.hr)
* [[HRU]]
* [[HS2 (POSTERING)|HS2]]
* [[HSI JPEG]]
* [[HSI Raw]]
* [[HTC splashscreen]] (also known as NB format)
* [[IBM Audio Visual Connection (AVC) Still Video Image]]
* [[IBM KIPS bitmap]]
* [[ICE (Atari)]]
* [[ICR (NCSA Telnet)]]
* [[IFF-DEEP]]
* [[ILBM]] (IFF, LBM, HAM, ACBM, etc.)
* [[Image Cytometry Standard]] (.ics)
* [[Image Exchange Format]]
* [[Image System]]
* [[ImageWise Picture]]
* [[Imagic Film/Picture]] (Atari ST)
* [[IMG/HDR]] (Analyze 7.5)
* [[IMG Scan]]
* [[Img Software Set]]
* [[ImgStar]]
* [[IMPACJ]] (.imj)
* [[IndyPaint]] (.tru)
* [[ING 15]]
* [[Inset PIX]]
* [[InShape IIM]]
* [[Insta360 INSP]] (.insp)
* [[INT95a]]
* [[Intergraph Raster]]
* [[Interlace Graphics Editor]]
* [[Interlace Hires Editor]]
* [[Interlace Logo Designer]]
* [[Interleaf image]]
* [[InterPainter]]
* [[IPI]]
* [[IPLab]] (Image Processing Lab)
* [[IRIS CMYK Front End Processor CT]]
* [[Island Graphics TIFF]]
* [[IWC (WaveL)]]
* [[J Wavelet Image Codec]] (.wic)
* [[J6I]] (Ricoh Digital Camera image file)
* [[JAM (compressed image)]]
* [[JAM (Disney's Aladdin)]]
* [[JBIG]]
* [[JBIG2]]
* [[JEDMICS C4]]
* [[Jeff's Image Format]]
* [[Jet Graphics Planner]]
* [[JFIF]] (JPEG File Interchange Format)
* [[JNG]] (JPEG Network Graphics)
* [[Jovian Logic VI]]
* [[JP2]] (JPEG 2000 Part 1 Annex I)
* [[JPC (LuraWave)]]
* [[JPEG]] (JPEG Interchange Format, .jpg)
* [[JPEG 360]]
* [[JPEG 2000]]
* [[JPEG 2000 codestream]] (.j2k, .j2c, .jpc)
* [[JPEG-HDR]]
* [[JPEG-LS]]
* [[JPEG Pleno]]
* [[JPEG XL]]
* [[JPEG XR]] (HD Photo)
* [[JPEG XS]]
* [[JPEG XT]]
* [[JPEGT]]
* [[JPM]] (JPEG 2000 Part 6: Compound Image Format)
* [[JPS]]
* [[JPX]] (JPEG 2000 Part 2: Extensions, .jpf)
* [[KEA]]
* [[KFX (Atari graphics format)]]
* [[KIFF]]
* [[KiSS CEL]]
* [[Koala MicroIllustrator]]
* [[KoalaPainter]] (.koa, .gg)
* [[Kolor Raw]] (.kro)
* [[Kompresor do Animatora]]
* [[KQP]]
* [[Krita]] (.kra)
* [[KSS-Paint]]
* [[KTX]]
* [[KYG]]
* [[Larka Edytor Obiekt]]
* [[LazPaint]] (.lzp)
* [[LdPic]]
* [[LERC]]
* [[LIFF]] (Openlab Layered Image File Format)
* [[Lightning Strike]] (.cod)
* [[LightWork Image]] (.lwi)
* [[Lisp Machine Bitmap‎]]
* [[Little Draw]] (.ldw)
* [[Logo-Painter]]
* [[Lossless JPEG (original)]]
* [[Lotus Manuscript graphics]] (.bit)
* [[LSM]] (Zeiss Light Speed Microscope)
* [[LSS16]]
* [[Lucasfilm picture]] (.lff)
* [[Ludek Maker]]
* [[Lumena CEL]]
* [[Lumena PIX/BPX]]
* [[LuraDocument Format]] (.ldf)
* [[LuraWave]] (LWF)
* [[MacPaint]]
* [[Mad Designer]]
* [[Mad Studio]]
* [[MAG (File Magic)]]
* [[MagicDraw]]
* [[Magic Painter]]
* [[Magick Persistent Cache]] (MPC)
* [[Mah Jongg (Nels Anderson) tile set]]
* [[Mah Jongg -V-G-A- tile set]]
* [[MAKIchan Graphics]] (.mag)
* [[Mamut]]
* [[Mapletown Network]]
* [[Marco Pixel Editor]]
* [[Maya IFF]]
* [[McPainter]]
* [[MCS]]
* [[MDA|MDA/MDP]] (MicroDesign Area/Page)
* [[MDI]] (Microsoft Office Document Imaging)
* [[MDP (FireAlpaca)|MDP]] (FireAlpaca and Medibang Paint)
* [[MegaPaint BLD]]
* [[MetaMorph Stack]] (.stk)
* [[MGR bitmap]]
* [[MIAF]]
* [[Micro Illustrator]]
* [[Microsoft Image Composer]] (.mic)
* [[MIF (MAXpaint)]]
* [[MIF (MSX)]]
* [[MIFF]] (Magick Image File Format)
* [[MIG]]
* [[Mindjongg tileset]] (.ipg)
* [[MIX (Picture It!)]]
* [[Mixed Raster Content]] (MRC, T.44)
* [[MLDF]]
* [[Mono Magic]]
* [[Movie Maker]]
* [[MPH (MonkeyPhoto)]]
* [[MRF (Monochrome Recursive Format)]]
* [[MrSID]]
* [[MSP (Microsoft Paint)]]
* [[MSX BASIC graphics]]
* [[MTV ray tracer bitmap]]
* [[MultiArtist]]
* [[Multicolor]] (Commodore 64 graphic mode)
* [[Multicolor (ZX Spectrum)]]
* [[Multi-Lace Editor]]
* [[Multi Palette Picture]] (MPP)
* [[Multi-Picture Format]] (MPO)
* [[Naïve Image Formats]] (NIE)
* [[NAS]]
* [[NASA Raster Metafile]]
* [[National Imagery Transmission Format]] (NITFS, NITF, .ntf)
* [[NEOchrome]] (.neo)
* [[NEOchrome Master]]
* [[Nero CoverDesigner]] (.ncd, .nct)
* [[Netpbm formats]] (PBM, PGM, PPM, PNM)
* [[NETPIC (Jim Tucker)|NETPIC]]
* [[The Newsroom|Newsroom, The]]
* [[NIFF (Navy Image File Format)]]
* [[NIFF (xloadimage)]]
* [[NIST IHead]] (.pct)
* [[NPZ (Npic)]]
* [[NV12]] (a YUV format)
* [[NXI]]
* [[OpenEXR]] (.exr)
* [[OpenRaster]] (.ora)
* [[OPTIKS COM image]]
* [[Oric HIRES screen]]
* [[OS/2 Bitmap Array]]
* [[OS/2 bitmap family]]
* [[OS/2 Boot Logo]]
* [[OTA bitmap]] (Nokia Over The Air, .otb)
* [[P4I]]
* [[PabloPaint]]
* [[PABX background]]
* [[Paint Magic]]
* [[Paint.NET image]] (.pdn)
* [[Painter RIFF]] (.rif)
** [[Painter PIX]] (.pix)
* [[Painter's Apprentice‎]]
* [[PaintPro]]
* [[PaintShop (Atari ST)]]
* [[PaintShop Pro]] (.psp, .jsl, .pfr, .tub)
* [[PaintTool SAI]]
* [[Paintworks]]
* [[Palette Master]]
* [[Palm bitmap]]
* [[Palm Database ImageViewer]] / FireViewer PDB (.pdb)
* [[Paradox (graphics)]]
* [[PAX (Pick Ax)]]
* [[PCIF]] (.pcf)
* [[PCO B16]]
* [[PCPaint BSAVE]]
* [[PCPaint CLP]]
* [[PCPaint PIC]] (a.k.a. Pictor)
* [[PCR image]]
* [[PCX]] (PC Paintbrush)
* [[PCX2COM]]
* [[PCX2EXE (Arminio Grgic)]]
* [[PCX2EXE (F. del Pozo)]]
* [[PCX2EXE (Mike Williams)]]
* [[PCX-to-Executable]]
* [[PDS]] (NASA Planetary Data System, .img, .imq)
* [[PDS4]]
* [[Pegasus PIC]]
* [[Pegasus PIC2]]
* [[PEP (Prediction-Encoded Pixels)]]
* [[Perfect Pix]]
* [[PFM (Portable Float Map)]]
* [[PFS (Portable Floatmap Stream)]]
* [[PGC (Portfolio Graphics Compressed)]]
* [[PGF (Portfolio Graphics)]]
* [[PGF (Progressive Graphics File)]]
* [[PGX (JPEG 2000)]]
* [[PHM]]
* [[Photo CD]] (.pcd)
* [[PhotoChrome]] (.pcs)
* PhotoDefiner
** [[Compression PhotoDefiner]] (.cpd)
** [[Graphic PhotoDefiner]] (.gpd)
** [[Joint PhotoDefiner]] (.jpd)
* [[PhotoDeluxe]] (.pdd)
* [[PhotoImpact]]
* [[PhotoParade slideshow]] (.php, .4pp)
* [[Photoshop brush]] (.abr)
* [[PhotoSuite Project]] (.pzp)
* [[Pi (image format)|Pi]]
* [[PIC (Yanagisawa)]]
* [[PIC2]]
* [[Picasso 64]] (.p64)
* [[PIC Editor (Andrei Romanov)]]
* [[PictureGear Pocket]]
* [[Picture Packer]]
* [[Picture Publisher]]
* [[PIF (Portable Image Format)]]
* [[PIK]]
* [[PIX (PIcture in teXt)]]
* [[Pixar picture]] (.pxr)
* [[PixArt]]
* [[PixelPaint (SuperMac)]]
* [[Pixel Perfect]]
* [[Pixel Studio (FileStream)]] (.ibw)
* [[Pixia]] (.pxa)
* [[PIXIT]]
* [[Pixlr document]] (*.pxd)
* [[PKI (ImgFun)]]
* [[PKM]]
* [[PL4]]
* [[Plan 9 Image]]
* [[PLD (PhotoLine)]]
* [[PM (XV image)]]
* [[PMG Designer]]
* [[PNG]] (Portable Network Graphics)
* [[PNG Plus]] (Microsoft Picture It!)
* [[Pocket PC Bitmap]] (.2bp)
* [[Portable Arbitrary Map]] (PAM)
* [[Portable Bitmap Format]] (PBF)
* [[Poser Bump Map]] (.bum)
* [[PowerGraphics]]
* [[PRF (Polychrome Recursive Format)]]
* [[Printfox bitmap]]
* [[PrintMaster]]
* [[PrintPartner]] (.gph)
* [[The Print Shop|Print Shop, The]]
* [[Print-Technik]]
* [[Prism Paint]] (.pnt)
* [[PSB]] (Adobe Photoshop, large format)
* [[PSD]] (Adobe Photoshop)
* [[PSF (PhotoStudio)]]
** [[Arcsoft Album/Slide Show]]
* [[Psion PIC]]
* [[PTG]] (ArtRage)
* [[Public Painter]]
* [[Puma Street Soccer PPM]]
* [[Puzzle image (X11)]]
* [[PVR Texture]]
* [[PWC (Piecewise-Constant Image Model)]]
* [[PWG Raster]]
* [[PXM (Pixelmator)]]
* [[Q0]]
* [[QDV (Giffer)]]
* [[QOIR]]
* [[QRT Ray Tracer bitmap]]
* [[QTIF]] (QuickTime image file, .qif)
* [[QTL]] (YUV SECAM or PAL image)
* [[Quake 2 Texture]] (.wal)
* [[Quantel VPB image]]
* [[QuantumPaint]] (.pbx)
* [[Quite OK Image Format]] (.qoi)
* [[Radiance HDR]] (RGBE, XYZE, .hdr, .pic)
* [[RAG-D]]
* [[Rainbow Painter]]
* [[RAMbrandt]]
* [[Raster Master RAW]]
* [[Raw bitmap]]
* [[RDIB]]
* [[REKO Cardset]]
* [[Rembrandt]]
* [[RGB Intermediate Format]]
* [[RGFX]]
* [[RLA]] (Wavefront)
* [[RLI]] (RealWorld)
* [[Rocky Interlace Picture]]
* [[RUN Paint]]
* [[SAMAR Hires Interlace]]
* [[SAM Coupé Mode 4]]
* [[Saracen Paint]] (.sar)
* [[SBIG CCDOPS image]]
* [[Scitex CT]]
* [[SCR (ZX Spectrum)]]
* [[ScreenShot Hack]]
* [[Seattle FilmWorks]] (.sfw, .pwp)
* [[Secret Photos puzzle]] (.xp0)
* [[Segmented Hypergraphics]] (.shg, .mrb)
* [[Separations output format]]
* [[Serif PhotoPlus]] (.spp)
* [[SGI (image file format)|SGI]] (IRIS, RGB)
* [[SGX]] (SView Graphics, SuperView Graphics)
* [[SHP (Loadstar)]]
* [[Signum! Compressed Image (IMC)]]
* [[SIMIS]] (.ace)[https://james-ross.co.uk/weblog/2010/04/09/01]
* [[Sinbad Slideshow]]
* [[Sinclair QL screen]]
* [[Sixel]]
* [[Sketch-PadDles]]
* [[SlideShow for VBXE]]
* [[Slow-scan television]] (.hrz)
* [[Softimage PIC]]
* [[Somera Graphic Format]]
* [[Sony PictureGear Studio]]
* [[Spaceward Graphics]] / Satori (.r, .rir)
* [[Spectrum 512 Extended‎]] (.spx)
* [[Spectrum 512 formats]] (.spu, .spc, .sps)
* [[SPIF]]
* [[SPIFF]] (Still Picture Interchange File Format)
* [[Spooky Sprites]]
* [[Sprite Master]]
* [[SpritePad]]
* [[STAD PAC]]
* [[Standard Archive Format]] (military missile data format that includes images among other data)
* [[Standard Graphics 3 (Atari)]]
* [[Starbase bitmap file‎]]
* [[Star Painter‎]]
* [[STiNG]] (.stn)
* [[STL (ZX Spectrum)]]
* [[Stop Press Canvas]]
* [[Storyboard PIC/CAP]]
* [[STOS memory bank]] (.mbk)
* [[Structured Fax File]] (.sff)
* [[Sun Raster]] (.ras, .sun)
* [[Sun TAAC image]]
* [[Super IRG]]
* [[SXG (ZX Spectrum)]]
* [[Syberia Texture]] (.syj)
* [[SymbOS graphic]] (.sgx)
* [[Synthetic Arts]]
* [[Synu]] (Synthetic Universe)
* [[TAP (Tencent)]]
* [[Taquart Interlace Picture]]
* [[TealPaint]]
* [[Technicolor Dream]]
* [[TelePaint/Splash graphics]] (.ss)
* [[Texture Maker0]]
* [[TG4 (Image Machines)]]
* [[TGA]] (Truevision Targa image)
* [[TIFF]] (Tagged Image File Format)
* [[TIFF/EP]]
* [[TIFF-FX]]
* [[TIFF/IT]]
* [[TilePic]]
* [[Tilez texture]]
* [[TIM (PlayStation graphics)]]
* [[TIM2]]
* [[Tiny Stuff]]
* [[TI picture file]]
* [[Title-Maker]]
* [[TkImg RAW]]
* [[TLG (KiriKiri)|TLG]] (associated with [[KiriKiri Adventure Game System]])
* [[Tobias Richter Fullscreen Slideshow]] (.pci)
* [[Tricolor RGB]]
* [[True Paint I]]
* [[Trzmiel]]
* [[TXS]]
* [[Unirast]] (Apple AirPrint)
* [[UPX/TPX (Photo Express)]]
* [[Utah RLE]]
* [[Valve Texture Format]] (.vtf)
* [[VBM (VDC BitMap)]]
* [[VEGX]]
* [[VertiZontal Interlacing]]
* [[Verity Image]] (.vif)
* [[V.Flash PTX]]
* [[VGAPaint 386 COM Program]]
* [[VGAPaint 386 PCX Self-Extracting Picture]]
* [[VICAR]]
* [[Vidcom 64]] (.vid)
* [[VIFF]] (Khoros Visualization, .xv)
* [[VIPS]] (.v)
* [[Vidig Paint]]
* [[Vista data file]]
* [[VITec]]
* [[Vivid IMG]]
* [[VORT file]]
* [[WBMP]] (Wireless Bitmap)
* [[WebP]]
* [[WebP 2]]
* [[Webshots picture]] (.wbz, .wb1, .wbd, .wbc, .wbp)
* [[WGT Block]]
* [[WGT Sprite]]
* [[WhyPic]] (.ypc)
* [[Wigmore Artist 64]]
* [[Windows clipboard]] (.clp)
* [[Windows DDB]]
* [[WinFax Fax Image]]
* [[WinFax Cover Page]]
* [[WinMiPS]]
* [[Winzle Puzzle]]
* [[Wiz Solitaire]]
* [[WLM]] (also known as CompW)
* [[WOBA]] (bitmap data extracted from a [[HyperCard stack]])
* [[Word for DOS screen capture]] (.scr)
* [[WPB (openCanvas)]]
* [[WSQ]]
* [[XBM]] (X BitMap)
* [[XCF]] (GIMP image)
* [[Xerox Doodle brush]]
* [[Xerox EDMICS-MMR]]
* [[Xerox EDMICS-RLC]]
* [[XGA (Falcon)]]
* [[XIFF]]
* [[Xim]]
* [[XLD4]] (.q4)
* [[XL-Paint]]
* [[XPM]] (X PixMap)
* [[XWD]] (X Window Dump)
* [[XYZ (RPG Maker)]]
* [[xRes]] (.lrg)
* [[YBM]] (Bennet Yee's face format)
* [[Young Picasso]] (.yp)
* [[Zeiss BIVAS]]
* [[Zoomify PFF]]
* [[Zoomify ZIF]]
* [[Zpng]]
* [[ZX-Paintbrush]]
* [[ZXpaintyONE‎]]
* [[ZZ ROUGH]]

== Skins / Themes ==
''(Used to give custom styles, appearances, and themes to software; might be bundled with [[#Icon, Cursor, and Avatar files|Icon, Cursor, and Avatar files]] consistent with the theme)''
* [[BootSkin Vista]]
* [[BootSkin XP]]
* [[eRocket Skin]] (.skn)
* [[Huawei Theme]] (.hwt)
* [[Microsoft Comic Chat]]
* [[Nokia Theme]] (.nth)
* [[Pocket PC Theme]] (.tsk)
* [[Sony Ericsson Theme]] (.thm)
* [[Stardock Tiles Skin]]
* [[Winamp Skin]]
* [[Windows Media Player Skin Package]] (.wmz)
* [[Winstep Xtreme theme]]
** [[Winstep Workshelf theme]]
** [[Nextstart theme]]

== Software ==
''(Applications, utilities, libraries, and APIs for graphic manipulation)''

Refer to [[Graphics software]].

== Vector Graphics Formats ==
''(Including most "metafile" formats. Vector formats often support embedded raster images, and other objects that aren't actually vectors.)''

* [[2DL]] (ARCHICAD 2D Lines)
* [[Acorn Draw]]
* [[Adobe Illustrator Artwork]] (.ai)
* [[Adobe Illustrator Exchange]] (.aix)
* [[Affinity Designer]] (.afdesign)
* [[Amiga Metafile]] (.amf)
* [[AniST]] (.scr, .str)
* [[Applixware Graphics]]
* [[ArtPro]] (.ap)
* [[Arts & Letters clip art library]] (.yal)
* [[Arts & Letters graphics file]] (.ged)
* [[ArtWorks]]
* [[AutoCAD Slide]]
* [[AutoCAD Slide Library]]
* [[AutoSketch]] (.skd)
* [[Calamus Vector Graphic]] (.cvg)
* [[CCX (Corel)]]
* [[CGM]] (Computer Graphics Metafile)
* [[CMX]] (Corel Presentation Exchange)
* [[CorelChart]] (.cch)
* [[Corel Designer]] (.des)
* [[CorelDRAW]] (.cdr, .cdx, .cdt)
* [[Corel Gallery]] (.bmf)
* [[CorelMOSAIC library]] (.clb, .clh)
* [[DataDiagrammingML]] (Microsoft XML-based format)
* [[DeskMate Draw]] (.fig)
* [[Dia]]
* [[DR2D]]
* [[DrawingML]] (Microsoft embedded graphics in XML Office formats)
* [[DrawIt]]
* [[DrawPlus]]
* [[DrawStudio]] (Amiga)
* [[DRAWX Vector Graphics]] (.vec)
* [[Embedded Vector Editor]] (.eve)
* [[Encapsulated PostScript]] (.eps, .epsf, .epsi)
* [[Enhanced Metafile]] (.emf)
* [[ER Mapper Vector]] (.erv)
* [[Expression Design]] (.xpr, .design)
* [[Fig]] (Xfig format)
* [[FreeHand]] (Aldus/Adobe)
* [[FXG]]
* [[GEM VDI Metafile]] (GEM Vector, VDI, .GDI)
* [[Gerber format]] (used in printed circuit design)
* [[The Graphics Magician Picture Painter|Graphics Magician Picture Painter, The]]
* [[GraphicConverter format]] (.gcimgd)
* [[GST ART]] (.art)
* [[Haiku Vector Icon Format]]
* [[Harvard Graphics]]
** [[Harvard Montage]]
* [[IconVG]]
* [[IDW (IntelliDraw)]]
* [[In-A-Vision]] (.pic)
* [[Jigwin piece template]] (.asc)
* [[KwikDraw]] (.kwk)
* [[LEONARD's Sketch]]
* [[Lotus 1-2-3 Chart]] (.pic)
* [[MacDraw]] (later ClarisDraw)
* [[Mayura Draw]] (.md, .pdx)
* [[mDraw (S. Mike Dierken)]]
* [[Micrografx Draw]]
* [[Microsoft Office Drawing]]
* [[Microsoft Chart]]
* [[MIX (PhotoDraw)]]
* [[MVG]]
* [[MyDraw]] (.ndx, .ndb, .ndtx, .nlx, .nlb)
* [[NAPLPS]] (North American Presentation Layer Protocol Syntax)
* [[NeoDraw]]
* [[NetMeeting Whiteboard]]
* [[Notability]]
* [[ObjectGraphics OGL]]
* [[OpenDocument Drawing]] (.odg)
* [[PDL (Trionum)]]
* [[Picroma Plasma]]
* [[PICT]] (Macintosh graphics)
* [[Pixie (vector graphics)|Pixie]] (.pxi)
* [[PLOT-10]] (Tektronix)
* [[Precision Graphics Markup Language]] (PGML)
* [[Presentation Manager Metafile]] (MET)
* [[Print Artist]] (.gfx) (also known as Instant Artist)
* [[Professional Draw]]
* [[ProShape]]
* [[PWDraw]]
* Satori Canvas (.cvs) - See [[Spaceward Graphics]]
* [[Scalable Vector Graphics]] (SVG)
* [[SDA (StarOffice)]]
* [[SDW (AmiDraw)]]
* [[Shapefile]]
* [[Simple Vector Format]] (SVF)
* [[sK1]]
* [[Skencil SK]]
* [[Sketch]]
* [[SXD]]
* [[Sxz]] (hybrid vector/raster)
* [[TIFF annotation data]]
* [[TinyVG]]
* [[Top Draw]] (.tdr)
* [[UNIX Plot Format]]
* [[Visio]] (.vsd, .vss, .vst)
* [[VML]] (Vector Markup Language)
* [[Windows Metafile]] (.wmf)
* [[WinDraw (John D. Keene)]]
* [[WordPerfect Graphics]] (.wpg)
* [[Xar (vector graphics)|Xar]] (Flare)
* [[XVT-Draw]]
* [[ZBR (Zoner Zebra)]]
* [[ZMF (Zoner)]]
See also:
* [[3D and CAD/CAM Models]]
* [[Diagramming and flowcharting]]
* [[Machine Embroidery]]

== Miscellaneous or Uncategorized ==
''(Formats which don't fit into another category, or still need to be categorized)''

* [[AAE sidecar format]] (Apple iOS 8 / OS X Yosemite)
* [[ABBYY Finereader]]
* [[Adobe Acrobat Capture]] (.acd)
* [[Anaglyph 3D format]]
* [[Aperture library]]
* [[Apple Preferred]] (APF)
* [[ART (Build Engine ART)]]
* [[BodyPaint 3D]] (Maxon: .b3d)
* [[Chyron]]
* Deep Zoom
** [[Deep Zoom image]] (.dzi)
** [[Smart Zoom Image]] (.szi)
* [[DeltaVision]] (medical microscopy format)
* [[Fineprint]] (.fp)
* [[Garc archive]]
* [[HDF]] (Hierarchical Data Format)
* [[ImageLab/PrintTechnic]]
* [[Kai's Power Tools]]
* [[kitty graphics protocol]] [https://sw.kovidgoyal.net/kitty/graphics-protocol/]
* [[KONTRON]] (embedded-systems company; apparently has graphic format of its own)
* [[Liberty IM]]
* [[Lightroom catalog]] (.lrcat)
* [[Manga Studio]]
* [[Media Pro]] (.ivc, .mpcatalog)
* [[MonkeyCard]]
* [[NeatReceipts]] (.nrx, .nrf, .nrt)
* [[Nintendo Wii TPL]]
* [[Nova AEX]] (.aex)
* [[OmniForm]]
* [[OmniPage]]
* [[PaperPort (MAX)]]
* [[Piskel canvas]]
* [[QDV (Random Dot Software)]]
* [[RMC]]
* [[Second Nature Screensaver Graphic]] (.snx)
* [[Shoot 'Em Up Construction Kit]]
* [[StarOffice Gallery]]
* [[StartupScreen]] (Macintosh SCRN, .scrn?)
* [[tldraw]] (.tldr)
* [[Turbo Rascal Syntax Error]]

==Links and Resources==
* [[Encyclopedia of Graphics File Formats]]
* [http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/01/the-never-before-told-story-of-the-worlds-first-computer-art-its-a-sexy-dame/267439/ World's first computer art (1950s pinup image)]
* [http://www.wired.com/underwire/2013/05/star-trek-art-atoms-ibm Art created with atoms]
* [http://www.textfiles.com/programming/FORMATS/xga.pro XGA: A New Graphics Standard]
* [http://www.jagregory.com/abrash-black-book/ Michael Abrash’s Graphics Programming Black Book, Special Edition]
* [http://www.squarespace.com/logo Squarespace logo designer tool] (Want a logo for a silly dot-com company you're starting? Create one here!)
* [http://freshome.com/2014/02/27/unconventional-pixel-furniture-adding-intrigue-modern-rooms/ Unconventional Pixel Furniture Adding Intrigue to Modern Rooms]
* [http://skeptools.wordpress.com/2014/03/03/viral-photos-debunked-animal-rights-google-tineye-image-search/ See how to debunk viral photos in seconds using image search]
* [http://boingboing.net/2014/03/12/gettys-free-image-embedding.html Getty's free image embedding comes at a price]
* [http://addyosmani.com/blog/image-optimization-tools/ Image optimization tools]
* [http://www.loc.gov/preservation/resources/rfs/stillimg.html Library of Congress Recommended Format Specifications: Still Image Works]
* [http://www.historyofinformation.com/expanded.php?id=2245 The Most Famous Image in the Early History of Computing]
* [http://ianmilligan.ca/2014/07/21/image-file-extensions-in-the-wide-web-scrape/ Image File Extensions in the Wide Web Scrape]
* [http://questionsomething.wordpress.com/2012/07/26/databending-using-audacity-effects/ Databending effects of editing images with a sound editor]
* [http://bertolami.com/index.php?engine=blog&content=posts&detail=perceptual-hashing Perceptual Hashing]
* [http://8bitartwork.co.uk/ Retrospecs: iOS app to convert images to imitate old 8-bit systems' graphics]
* [http://alvyray.com/Memos/CG/Microsoft/6_pixel.pdf A Pixel Is Not A Little Square]
* [http://literarymachin.es/deepzoom-osd-server/ Serve deepzoom images from a zip archive with openseadragon]
* [http://creativeshory.com/know-use-image-file-types-jpeg-gif-png/ Know When to Use Image File Types: JPEG, GIF & PNG]
* [http://stackoverflow.com/questions/27974945/can-we-programatically-compare-different-images-of-same-resolutions/27976171#27976171 Can we programatically compare different images of same resolutions?]
* [http://www.webdesigndev.com/freebies/best-color-palette-tools 20 Best Color Palette Tools for Web and Graphic Designers]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tfh0ytz8S0k How "oldschool" graphics worked, Part 1] · [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_rsycfDliZU Part 2] (videos)
* [http://ninedegreesbelow.com/photography/xyz-rgb.html Completely Painless Programmer's Guide to XYZ, RGB, ICC, xyY, and TRCs]
* [http://potrace.sourceforge.net/ Potrace: Transforming bitmaps into vector graphics]
* [http://cloudinary.com/blog/one_pixel_is_worth_three_thousand_words About a 1x1 image in many file formats]
* [http://tomseditor.com/ Tom's Editor: Free online image converted. About 500 formats supported]
* [http://whatis.rest7.com/ WhatIs.Rest7: Image formats explained. Lots of samples]
* [http://de77.com/find/image Image libraries for PHP: BMP, DDS, TGA, PNM, PGM, PBM]
* [http://whatis.rest7.com/Atari Lots of images from Atari]

Somera Sound Format

2026-04-02T19:26:32Z

Jsummers: Created page with "{{FormatInfo |formattype=electronic |subcat=Audio and Music |extensions={{ext|ssf}} }} '''Somera Sound Format''' is, presumably, an audio file format. It is associated with th..."

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Audio and Music
|extensions={{ext|ssf}}
}}
'''Somera Sound Format''' is, presumably, an audio file format. It is associated with the same entities as [[Somera Graphic Format]].

== Identification ==
Files are observed to have ASCII "{{magic|SoMERA SoUnD FORMAT}}" at offset 1.

== Sample files ==
* [{{DiscMasterURL|browse/19714/Touch%20Games%201.zip/Touch%20Games%201/sounds}}]

Somera Graphic Format

2026-04-02T19:25:11Z

Jsummers: Created page with "{{FormatInfo |formattype=electronic |subcat=Graphics |extensions={{ext|sgf}} |released=≤2000 }} '''Somera Graphic Format''' is a raster graphics file format. It is credited ..."

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|sgf}}
|released=≤2000
}}
'''Somera Graphic Format''' is a raster graphics file format. It is credited to T. (Toni?) Pomar, a.k.a. "Sobakus".

It seems to be associated with a series of video game collections named "Touch Games", by "Bialplen 2000", and possibly associated with "Island Dream Games and Software". The legitimacy of any of this is undetermined, but the format does exist.

See also [[Somera Sound Format]].

== Identification ==
Files are observed to have ASCII "{{magic|SoMERA GRaPHIc FORMAT}}" at offset 1.

== Software ==
* {{Wuimg}}

== Sample files ==
* {{DexvertSamples|image/someraGraphicFormat}}

EFS

2026-03-26T14:44:12Z

Jsummers:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Filesystem
|wikidata={{wikidata|Q4038462}}
}}
'''EFS''' (Extent File System) is a file system formerly used in Silicon Graphics IRIX systems before 5.3, in which version it was replaced with [[XFS]].

In file system terminology, an "extent" is a contiguous block of storage space. EFS uses such blocks to hold files, meaning that files are stored in consecutive blocks of the storage medium instead of scattered around as some other file systems might store them.

See also [[SGI volume image]].

== Links ==
* [https://www.linux.org/threads/extent-file-system-efs.8904/ Some information about its structure]
* [[Wikipedia:Extent File System|Wikipedia article]]
* [https://www.aeschi.eu/efs/ EFS support for Linux]
* [http://cvsweb.netbsd.org/bsdweb.cgi/src/sys/fs/efs/ EFS support for NetBSD]

[[Category:Silicon Graphics]]

Filesystem

2026-03-26T14:42:38Z

Jsummers: /* Format details, etc. */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|thiscat=Filesystem
|image=Office Supplies File Cabinet 02.png
}}
'''Filesystems''' are [[Electronic_File_Formats|Electronic Formats]] that are a prerequisite to being able to read any [[file]] off a digital medium — you have to be able to mount the filesystem, and thus read it, in order to be able to read a file.

== Single-system filesystems ==
(How files are organized on one system, device, or medium, such as a disk, tape, or flash memory; see next category for networked and cloud filesystems. Of course, any filesystem can be made available on a network to remote devices, but these are the native filesystems present on the storage device/medium itself.)

* [[+D filesystem]] (Sinclair, SAM Coupé)
* [[Acer Fast Filesystem]] (SCO OpenServer)
* [[ADFS]] (Acorn MOS, RISC OS)
* [[AdvFS]] (Advanced File System, Digital/Tru64 Unix)
* [[Ami-FileSafe]] (AFS, Amiga)
* [[APF Imagination Machine disk file system]]
* [[Apple DOS file system]] (Apple II; see also ProDOS below)
* [[Apple File System]] (APFS) (2017 system for Apple devices)
* [[Atari File Management Subsystem]] (FMS: Atari 400/800)
* [[AtheOS File System]] (AtheOS/Syllable)
* [[BetrFS]]
* [[BFS]] (BeOS)
* [[Btrfs]] (Linux)
* [[CBMFS]] (Commodore 64, PET, etc.; 5.25" disks)
** [[Commodore 1581 filesystem]] (3.5" disks)
** [[GEOS VLIR]] (GEOS Variable Length Index Record )
** [[CMDFS]] (CBMFS extension by Creative Micro Designs)
* [[Compucolor file system]]
* [[CMS filesystem]] (IBM mainframe z/VM operating system, formerly known as VM/CMS)
* [[CP/M file system]]
* [[DDFS]] (Data Domain File System)
* [[DTFS]] (Desktop File System, [[SCO OpenServer]])
* [[EFS]] (Extent File System, SGI IRIX. Replaced by [[XFS]])
* [[EOS file system (Coleco)]] (Coleco ADAM "data pack" tape drives and disks)
* [[ext]] (developed for Linux, previously used MINIX fs)
* [[ext2]], [[ext3]], [[ext4]] (these are all just variants of each other)
* [[F2FS]], (Flash Friendly Filesystem)
* [[FAT]]
** [[FAT8]]
** [[FAT12]]
** [[FAT16]]
** [[FAT32]]
** [[exFAT]] (Microsoft, for flash memory)
* [[FFS]] (Amiga Fast File System)
* [[Files-11]] (VMS)
* [[Firmware File System]]
* [[Fossil]] (Plan 9)
* [[HAMMER]] (DragonflyBSD)
** [[HAMMER2]] (successor to HAMMER)
* [[HFS]] (MacOS)
* [[HFS+]]
* [[HFS (IBM)]] (IBM mainframe Unix filesystem, not to be confused with Apple HFS)
* [[High Sierra]]
* [[HPFS]] (OS/2 native file system)
* [[iPod Filesystem]]
* [[ISO 9660]] (optical discs)
* [[JFFS]]
** [[JFFS2]]
* [[LanyFS]] (Lanyard Filesystem)
* [[Linear Tape File System]] (LTFS)
* [[LogFS]]
* [[MDR (Floppy Disk)|MDR]] (audio instrument format close to MSDOS)
* [[MFS]] (ancient Macintosh filesystem)
* [[MINIX file system]]
* [[NILFS]] (and NILFS2)
* [[North Star DOS file system]]
* [[NOVA (filesystem)|NOVA]]
* [[NTFS]]
* [[OFS]] (Amiga Old File System)
* [[PFS]] (Professional File System, Amiga)
* [[PRAMFS]] (Persistent & Protected RAM File-System)
* [[ProDOS file system]] (Apple II) (also used in Apple III SOS)
* [[QFS]]
* [[ReFS]] (Microsoft's new FS- Resilient Filesystem, on Windows 8 Server)
* [[ReiserFS]]
** [[Reiser4]]
* [[SDFS]] (OpenDedup deduplication based filesystem)
* [[securefs]]
* [[SFS (Amiga)|SFS]] (Smart File System, Amiga)
* [[Sinclair QL filesystem]]
* [[SkyFS]] (SkyOS)
* [[TFS]]
* [[TI-99/4A file system]]
* [[TR-DOS filesystem]] (ZX Spectrum)
* [[TRSDOS file system]] (Tandy)
* [[UBIFS]]
* [[UCSD p-System Filesystem]] (UCSD Pascal)
* [[UFS]] (Unix File System, Solaris and BSD)
** [[UFS2]]
* [[Universal Disk Format]] (UDF) (optical discs)
* [[VMUFAT]] (Filesystem for Dreamcast VMU units)
* [[VSAM]] (Virtual Storage Access Method – not a filesystem per se, runs on top of IBM's VTOC filesystem)
* [[VTOC]] (Native filesystem of the IBM z/OS aka OS/390 aka MVS and z/VM aka DOS/VSE mainframe operating systems)
* [[VxFS]] (VERITAS File System)
* [[WAFL]] (NetApp's commercial file system)
* [[WBFS]]
* [[Xiafs]] (Linux, dropped in favour of ext2)
* [[XFS]] (SGI)
* [[YAFFS]]
* [[ZFS]] (Sun)
* [[ZFS (IBM)]] (IBM mainframe Unix filesystem, not to be confused with Sun's ZFS)

== Compressed filesystems ==
(Filesystems and related topics whose main purpose is [[compression]]. Not all filesystems that support compression are listed here.)

* [[cramfs]]
* [[Cromfs]]
* [[DWARFS]]
* [[Isofs transparent compression]]
* [[Squashfs]]
* [[zisofs]]
* [[EROFS]]

See also [[Compression#Disk compression]] and [[Compression#Transparent file compression]].

== Networked and cloud filesystems ==
(Used to make files available to/from multiple systems over a local or wide area network, including "on the cloud" via the Internet; systems access files through a protocol or API. The low-level storage details, usually concealed from end users and even most developers, may be within one or more of the single-device filesystems above, and the networked/cloud filesystem is generally defined independently of such details and might have very different characteristics and rules as to how the files are named, addressed, and structured.)

* [[Amazon S3]]
* [[Andrew File System]] (Carnegie Mellon University)
* [[Ceph]]
* [[Elastic File System]] (AWS)
* [[EOS file system (CERN)]] (open-source file system used at CERN)
* [[Filecoin]] (a cryptocurrency and file system)
* [[Google Drive]]
* [[Google File System]]
* [[Hadoop Distributed File System]] (HDFS)
* [[IPFS]]
* [[Keybase filesystem]]
* [[Longaccess]]
* [[MEGA file system]]
* [[NetWare File System]] (Novell NetWare, replaced by [[NSS]])
* [[NFS]] (Unix network filesystem protocol)
* [[NSS]] (Novell Storage Services)
* [[OneDrive]] (Microsoft)
* [[OpenStack Swift]]
* [[Permacoin]] (also a [[currency]])
* [[POHMELFS]] (distributed Linux filesystem)
* [[SDFS]] (OpenDedup deduplication based filesystem)
* [[SFS]] (SyncFS)
* [[SMB]] (Server Message Block, a protocol for a networked filesystem)
* [[Storj]] (another currency/filesystem scheme)
* [[WebDAV]] (network filesystem implemented as extensions to HTTP)
* [[XtreemFS]], (Linux, distributed file system)

== Virtual filesystems ==
* [[%clay vane]] (Urbit)
* [[AVFS]]
* [[FUSE]]
* [[GnomeVFS]]
** [[GVfs (GNOME)]]
* [[Virtual File System for Git]] (was GVFS)

== Other / Misc. ==
* [[πfs]]
* [[BrowserFS]]
* [[Magikfs]]
* [[ProFS]]
* [[RockFAT]]
* [[SAFS]]
* [[Stegfs]]

== File content signature ==
(used to match files to a hash table or similar system in order to detect duplicates, help find specific files when their exact
location is unknown, handle distributed networked filesystems, etc. See also [[Error detection and correction]].)

* [[FWKCS]]

== File lists ==
* [[Everything File List]] (.efu)

== Format details, etc. ==
* [[AAIP]]
* [[Android File Structure]]
* [[AppleDouble]]
* [[Apple ISO 9660 extensions]]
* [[Apple Partition Map]]
* [[AppleSingle]]
* [[ARCHIMEDES ISO 9660 extension]]
* [[Auto-created directories]]
* [[desktop.ini]] (Windows)
* [[Desktop Services Store]] (Mac OS X)
* [[DMF (Distribution Media Format)]]
* [[DOS/Windows file attributes]]
* [[EA DATA. SF]]
* [[El Torito]]
* [[GUID Partition Table]]
* [[Joliet]]
* [[Master Boot Record]] (MBR)
* [[RAID]]
* [[Resource Fork]] (MacOS)
* [[Rock Ridge]]
* [[SGI volume image]]
* [[System Use Sharing Protocol]] (SUSP)
* [[TRANS.TBL]]
* [[VFAT]]
* [[XDF (Extended Density Format)]]

== Links ==
* [[Wikipedia:List of file systems|List of file systems (Wikipedia)]]
* [http://www.dreamhost.com/dreamscape/2013/09/12/cloud-storage-architectures/ Cloud Storage Architectures]
* [https://www.usenix.org/legacy/event/hotos09/tech/full_papers/seltzer/seltzer.pdf Hierarchical File Systems are Dead]
* [http://qanda.digipres.org/176/filesystem-checksums-value-digital-preservation-context Do filesystem-based checksums add value in a digital preservation context?]
* [http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/coreutils/2014-08/msg00012.html My experience with using cp to copy a lot of files (432 millions, 39 TB)]
* [https://www.csail.mit.edu/crash_tolerant_data_storage Crash-proof filesystem]
* [http://l-o-c-a-l-h-o-s-t.com/wiki/doku.php?id=localhost:events:rwx:know_your_filesystem Know Your Filesystem]
* [https://danluu.com/file-consistency/ File crash consistency and filesystems are hard]
* [https://github.com/mgree/ffs ffs] for mounting structured data (like JSON) as a file system for interacting with.

SGI volume image

2026-03-26T14:41:01Z

Jsummers: Created page with "{{FormatInfo |formattype=electronic |subcat=Filesystem |extensions={{ext|iso}}, {{ext|img}} }} :''Not to be confused with the "SGI image" graphics ..."

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Filesystem
|extensions={{ext|iso}}, {{ext|img}}
}}
:''Not to be confused with the [[SGI (image file format)|"SGI image"]] graphics format.''

'''SGI volume image''' (correct terminology unknown) is a low-level disk format used with SGI/IRIX computers. It is used on hard disks and CD-ROMs, and associated image files.

It can be thought of as a header, or as a container for one or more filesystems or other partitions. Often, it contains an [[EFS]] filesystem.

(TODO: Do some CDs hybridize this format with [[ISO 9660]]?)

== Identification ==
The disk or image file starts with signature bytes {{magic|0b e5 a9 41}}.

== Software ==
* [https://github.com/jkbenaim/efsextract efsextract]
* [https://github.com/sgi-demos/sgi-efs2tar efs2tar]

== Sample files ==
* {{DexvertSamples|archive/sgiVolumeImage}}

[[Category:Silicon Graphics]]

Exact

2026-03-25T17:57:15Z

Jsummers: Fixed misdirected link

{{FormatInfo
|subcat=Finance and Accounting
|extensions={{ext|dat}}, {{ext|id}}, {{ext|lst}}
}}

Dutch company producing [[ERP]], [[CRM]], [[HRM]], financial, accounting and business software.

==Accounting software==
===Exact for DOS v4.x - v7.x===
: '' please note that the mentioned version numbers for these types of files are assumed based on preliminary research [http://wiki.opf-labs.org/display/KB/Exact+For+DOS+Bookkeeping+Data+Solution] since EFS is a proprietary file format. Details follow. ([[User:Maurice.de.rooij|Maurice.de.rooij]] ([[User talk:Maurice.de.rooij|talk]]) 03:59, 16 November 2012 (UTC))''
====Extensions====
A yearbook consists of 3 files:
* [[Ext:dat|dat]]: file containing binary data (EFS format ("Exact File System")), possibly encrypted with at least a username and/or password
* [[Ext:id|id]]: file containing mixed binary and human readable data to identify the yearbook
* [[Ext:lst|lst]]: file containing mixed binary and human readable data with fieldnames from the yearbook

==Resources==
* [http://www.exactsoftware.com/docs/DocView.aspx?DocumentID={257067ba-0148-46fe-91c7-67b1da841f01} Exact products and supported platforms, Office products and database systems]
* [http://exactforum.cane.nl/topic2709-opbouw-bestanden-in-exact-voor-dos.aspx Exact for DOS file structure discussion about DAT files (Dutch)]
[[Category:Software]]
[[Category:Companies and organizations]]

Magika

2026-03-20T18:12:29Z

Jsummers: Category:AI and Machine Learning

{|
|[[Software]]
| >
|[[File identification software]]
| >
|[[Magika]]
|}

'''Magika''' is an AI-based file format identification software system. It was developed by [[Google]], and made public in 2024.

== External links ==
* [https://google.github.io/magika/ Magika website]
* [https://github.com/google/magika GitHub repository]
* [https://opensource.googleblog.com/2024/02/magika-ai-powered-fast-and-efficient-file-type-identification.html Announcement]

[[Category:File Format Identification]]
[[Category:AI and Machine Learning]]
[[Category:Google]]

AIML

2026-03-20T18:11:52Z

Jsummers: Category:AI and Machine Learning

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=AI and Machine Learning
|extensions={{ext|aiml}}
|released=2001
}}
'''AIML''' (Artificial Intelligence Markup Language) is an [[XML]]-based format designed for representing sets of data driving the operations of a simulated "intelligence" of the Eliza variety; in other words, able to carry on conversations with a user by recognizing patterns and making canned responses, possibly with inserted variables based on things it has learned from the user already.

== Links ==
* [[Wikipedia:AIML|Wikipedia article]]
* [http://www.alicebot.org/aiml.html Official site]

[[Category:Scientific Data formats]]
[[Category:Markup]]
[[Category:XML based file formats]]

AIR-J

2026-03-20T18:10:13Z

Jsummers: Category:AI and Machine Learning

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=Languages
|subcat=Programming Languages
|extensions={{ext|airj}}
|released=2026
}}
If you're human, go away; this isn't for you. '''AIR-J''' is a programming language designed to be used by AI agents, not optimized for understandability or maintainability by humans. Of course, AIs did most of the development work creating it, though they ''were'' under the direction of a human (Robert C. Martin, known as "Uncle Bob"); they weren't quite ready to kill all humans and do everything by themselves yet.

AIR-J has [[LISP]]-ish syntax and compiles into [[Java bytecode|JVM]].

== References ==
* [https://github.com/unclebob/AIR-J?tab=readme-ov-file Github site]

[[Category:AI and Machine Learning]]

AI and Machine Learning

2026-03-20T18:06:46Z

Jsummers: Categorized based mostly on the "ml-file-formats" page in the Links section

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|thiscat=AI and Machine Learning
|image=Dall-e_3_(jan_%2724)_artificial_intelligence_icon.png
|caption=DALL-E 3 Generated Image
}}
See also [[Scientific Data formats]] and [[Serialization]].

== AI/ML-specific formats ==
* [[AIML]]
* [[AIR-J]]
* [[CoreML]]
* [[Deep Learning Container]] (.dlc)
* [[GGML]]
* [[Keras]] (.keras)
* [[llms.txt]]
* [[MLeap]]
* [[PyTorch]] (.pt, .pth)
* [[TensorFlow]] (.pb)
** [[TFLite]]
* [[TOON]] [https://toonformat.dev/]

== Other formats used with AI/ML ==
* [[HDF]] (Hierarchical Data Format, originally from NCSA, now maintained by The HDF Group)
** [[HDF4]]
** [[HDF5]]
* [[NPY and NPZ (NumPy)|NumPy]]
* [[Pickle]] (.pkl)
* [[Protocol Buffers]]

== Links ==
* [https://github.com/trailofbits/ml-file-formats File formats used in ML/AI systems]

TurboTXT

2026-03-20T17:52:54Z

Jsummers: /* Software */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Executable envelopes
|released=1992
}}
'''TurboTXT''' (also written '''TurboTxt''') is a DOS utility that converts a text file to an executable file that displays the text in a viewer. It was developed by Foley Hi-Tech Systems (v1.00-4.00), later by HyperWare (v5.00).

The generated files use [[DOS executable (.com)|COM]] format for v1.00-1.11, or [[MS-DOS EXE|EXE]] format for v4.00-5.00. The default filename is "README.COM" or "README.EXE".

It may be distributed by itself, or accompanied by [[TurboBAT]], or as part of a suite named ''ExtraDOS Toolbox''.

== Discussion ==
The shareware versions add a prominent promotional message to the text.

== Identification ==
More research suggested. The generated files don't appear to be very complex, and there aren't that many versions or options. But there don't seem to be any deliberate signatures, and the existence of registered versions could be an issue.

=== Identification - COM ===
Files start with byte {{magic|0xe9}}. The following string appears somewhere in the file:

PgUp PgDn End Home ESC to exit

It's at offset 460 for v1.00, 469 for v1.10, 473 for v1.11.

=== Identification - EXE ===
The following string appears somewhere in the file:

PgUp PgDn End Home F:Find A:Again P:Print ESC to exit

For v4.00, it's at offset 2849. More robustly, it's at offset 1857 from the start of the ''code image'' segment (see [[MS-DOS EXE#Special file positions]]).

For v5.00 (both releases), it's at offset 3062, or offset 2006 from the start of the ''code image'' segment.

== Software ==
* TurboTXT (shareware)
** v1.00: {{CdTextfiles|nightowl/nopv07/048A/TTX100.ZIP|TTX100.ZIP}}
** v1.10: [{{CdTextfilesURL|pier01/037a/}}] → xdos390[a-c].zip → ...
** v1.11: {{CdTextfiles|pier03/010/xdos0993.zip|xdos0993.zip}} → ...
** v4.00: {{CdTextfiles|nightowl/nopv11/051A/TTX400.ZIP|TTX400.ZIP}}
** v5.00 "06/22/95": {{CdTextfiles|pier08/016/txt500.zip|txt500.zip}}
** v5.00 "11/01/95": [https://archive.org/details/cd-ascq DP TOOL CLUB CD ASCQ] → CD_ASCQ_29_040596.iso → DOS/TOOLS/TBT501.ZIP → ...
* {{Deark}}

== Sample files ==
* {{CdTextfiles|psl/pslv2nv11/WORDS/DOS/WP/HPVWRITE.ZIP|HPVWRITE.ZIP}} → README.COM (v1.10)
* {{CdTextfiles|cream/cream21/bbs/log100.zip|log100.zip}} → README.COM (v1.11)
* {{CdTextfiles|cream/cream21/bbs/flsbbs10.zip|flsbbs10.zip}} → README.COM (v1.11)
* {{CdTextfiles|simtel/stmsdos9709/disk2/DISC2/BATCHUTL/GBE2A.ZIP|GBE2A.ZIP}} → README.EXE (installation needed, or {{DiscMasterLink|view/10846/Simtel-MSDOS-Sep1997-CD2.iso/disc2/batchutl/gbe2a.zip/GBE2.DAT/README.EXE|see DiscMaster}}) (v4.00)
* [{{DiscMasterURL|view/12838/aol-file-protocol-4400-901-to-1100.zip/AOLDLs/FILE_DISK%20PROTECTION/DATASEC_%20V1.0a%20DataSecure/DATASEC.exe/PACK1.PRG/ME/README.EXE}}] (v5.00 rel. 1)
* [{{DiscMasterURL|view/15701/pcelectronics.bin/_archive/SCRL70A.ZIP/README.EXE}}] (v5.00 rel. 2)

OPTIKS COM image

2026-03-20T17:52:24Z

Jsummers: /* Software */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|com}}
|released=1988
}}
'''OPTIKS COM image''' refers to a self-displaying image format created by [[OPTIKS]], a graphics application by Keith P. Graham. It is in the form of a [[DOS executable (.com)|DOS COM]] file. The format was new in OPTIKS v2.11 (1988-11-01).

OPTIKS usually calls the format '''Self Scrolling COM file''' or '''Self Displaying COM file'''. The generated files contain the names '''OPTIKS Quick View''' and '''QVIEW'''.

== Format details ==
The generated files are highly formulaic. There are at least two, probably only two, slightly different versions:
* One made by v2.11 to 2.15. Bytes <code>bb 00 10 b4</code> appear at offset 316.
* One made by v2.16(?) to 3.01. Bytes <code>8d 1e 70 17</code> appear at offset 316.

== Identification ==
The first 22 bytes of a file are {{magic|0xe9 0x39 0x01 0x0d 0x0a}}, followed by ASCII "{{magic|OPTIKS Quick View}}".

== See also ==
* [[OPTIKS]]
* [[FMAC2COM]] - A format with a similar function, by the same author
* [[ICE (executable compression)#See also]], for other formats by the same author

== Software ==
* [[OPTIKS]] (some versions; write-only)
* {{Deark}}

OPTIKS typically has a free and a commercial version. Some of the free versions refuse to save to COM format. The feature seems to work in at least free version 2.18b+.

== Sample files ==
* {{CdTextfiles|carousel344/028/LOGOPCL.ZIP|LOGOPCL.ZIP}} (v2.11-2.15)
* {{CdTextfiles|megagames1/GAMES/APOGEE/KEENALP2.ZIP|KEENALP2.ZIP}}
* [https://archive.org/details/coco_share2 Coco's Super Shareware Box - II] → DOS/DPRINTER/YB551.ZIP → most .COM files

[[Category:Executable envelopes]]

CORK

2026-03-20T17:51:37Z

Jsummers:

{{FormatInfo
|subcat=Compression
|extensions={{ext|??$}}
|released=~1992?
}}
'''CORK''' is the signature of a compressed file format used for installation by a small number of Windows 3.x software products. It is apparently associated with a company named Omega Logic.

It's not clear whether the installer was released as a product, or only used by Omega Logic and its partners.

== Format details ==
The compression scheme is [[ARC (compression format)|ARC]] method #8.

== Identification ==
Files are observed to start with ASCII "{{magic|CORK}}", followed by bytes {{magic|0x01 0x00}}.

== Software ==
* {{Deark}}

== Sample files ==
* {{DiscMasterLink|browse/34139/Professional%20Soft%20Collection%20Vol.2%20(1995)(CLASSIK%20FOND).iso/windows.all/wintest/inst|wintest/inst}} → winslth.*
* {{DiscMasterLink|browse/39734/DMC_JUL_94.iso/windows/winprob3.zip|winprob3.zip}} ...
* {{DiscMasterLink|browse/15395/NSS_Collection.iso/3-019%20way%20for%20ward%20fun%20pack/1.imz/1.IMA|WayForward Fun Pack}} ...

RED (Knowledge Dynamics)

2026-03-20T17:50:55Z

Jsummers: /* Software */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Archiving
|extensions={{ext|red}}, {{ext|lif}}, {{ext|001}}, ..., others
}}
'''.RED''' is an installer-archive format, apparently associated with ''INSTALL'' for DOS, and maybe other software from Knowledge Dynamics Corporation (of Canyon Lake, Texas, later San Antonio).

The identifier "RED" is probably derived from "Reduce", which is the name of a software component and a proprietary compression algorithm.

See also [[LIF (Knowledge Dynamics)]], the presumed predecessor format.

== Format details ==
''[This section contains unofficial information based on reverse engineering. It was written for the fileformats.archiveteam.org wiki.]''

A RED archive is a sequence of member file structures, each with the following fields. If a file is split over multiple volumes, each fragment has a header.

{| class="wikitable"
! Offset !! Size !! Description
|-
|0 || 2 || Signature: ASCII "<code>RR</code>"
|-
|2 || 1 || Unknown, always 0x01.
|-
|3 || 1 || Header size, from the start of the <code>RR</code> signature. Always(?) 41.
|-
|4 || 4 || [[MS-DOS date/time|DOS time, date]]
|-
|8 || 4 || Compressed size (of this fragment, for split files)
|-
|12 || 4 || Decompressed size
|-
|16 || 2 || Probably reserved for CRC of compressed data, but none of the known compression schemes use it.
|-
|18 || 2 || CRC of decompressed data
|-
|20 || 2 || Fragment number, if the file is split over multiple volumes. The first fragment is 1. This field is 0 for files that are not split.
|-
|22 || 2 || "Is last fragment" flag. This field is 1 for files that are not split.
|-
|24 || 2 || Compression scheme. Two schemes are known to exist. 1 is uncompressed. See below for scheme 11.
|-
|26 || 13 || Filename
|-
|39 || 2 || CRC of header, excluding the signature and this field.
|-
|41 || ... || Compressed data
|}

=== Compression ===
Compression scheme 11 compresses the data with [[LHA]]'s "lh5" scheme, then segments it. The compressed data is split into segments of 4094 bytes (fewer for the last segment of each file or fragment), and a two-byte CRC (of the compressed data in the segment) is inserted at the end of each segment.

=== CRC ===
The CRC algorithm is [[CRC-16#CRC-16/IBM-3740|CRC-16/IBM-3740]]. Though RED is mainly a little-endian format, ''some'' of the CRC fields use big-endian byte order.

== Identification ==
RED files apparently start with bytes {{magic|'R' 'R' 0x01 0x29}}.

== Software ==
* Reduce - INSTALL Format Librarian (An interactive DOS utility)
** Reduce v3.20.02: [{{DiscMasterURL|browse/31341/Chip-Special_1996-03_CD-Service-3.bin/miro/pcm10/202711.zip/REDUCE.EXE}}]
** Reduce v3.20.04: [{{DiscMasterURL|browse/43739/Shareware%20cdrom%20prog%2024.iso/DJ42NTA4.ZIP/REDUCE.EXE}}]
** Reduce v3.31: [{{DiscMasterURL|browse/29884/ibm2680-2689/ibm2687.tar/ibm2687/S-MW7101.ZIP/wire71.rar/CDROM/REDUCE.EXE}}]
* {{Deark}}

== Sample files ==
* [http://www.bbsdocumentary.com/software/IBM/DOS/PCBOARD/ BBS Software Directory: PCBOARD] → pcb153-*.zip → ...
* {{DexvertSamples|archive/redArchive}}

== Links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/19991110100412/http://www.install.com/install.htm INSTALL website (1999 archive)]

Realia Spacemaker

2026-03-20T17:50:23Z

Jsummers: /* Software */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Compression
|subcat2=Executable compression
|released=1982?
}}
'''Realia Spacemaker''' (or just '''Spacemaker''') is an executable compression utility for DOS, developed by Realia. It was possibly the first executable compression utility for DOS to be released.

It compresses [[DOS executable (.com)|COM]] files (to COM), and [[MS-DOS EXE|EXE]] files (to EXE or COM).

== Discussion ==
Two versions have been found: 1.03 and 1.06. They create files that are slightly different. All compressed files found in the wild seem to be consistent with having been made by one of these two versions.

For an EXE file to be compressible by Spacemaker, it should have the following properties:
* The header field at offset 2, "bytes in last page", must ''not'' be 0, due to a bug.
* The header field at offset 12, "max allocation", must be 0xffff.
* The header field at offset 26 must be 0.
* No overlay.

== Identification ==
For COM format, the first 18 bytes match the pattern:

9c 55 56 8c cd 83 c5 10 8d b6 ?? ?? 56 be ?? ??
56 cb

In pristine files, this is followed by the ASCII string "{{magic|MEMORY$}}".

For EXE format, the same pattern appears at the start of the ''code image'' segment (refer to [[MS-DOS_EXE#Special file positions]]), which is probably always offset 512 in pristine files.

It is possible to distinguish between version 1.03 and 1.06.

It is possible to determine the original format, COM or EXE. For instance, if the original format was EXE, there are 9 consecutive 0x90 bytes in the decompressor code. Exception: The "<code>/S</code>" option makes it impossible to tell that the original format was EXE.

== Software ==
* Spacemaker v1.03:
** [https://ftp.hanmesoft.com/HOBBES/DEC/rainbow/msdos/misc/spacemkr.lzh spacemkr.lzh]
** [https://archive.org/details/ftp.update.uu.se.2014.03 archive of ftp.update.uu.se] → pub/rainbow/msdos/misc/spacemkr.lzh
** [{{DiscMasterURL|browse/11758/ftp.update.uu.se.2014.03.zip/ftp.update.uu.se/pub/rainbow/msdos/misc/spacemkr.lzh}}]
** [{{DiscMasterURL|browse/29984/wbiz0000-0009/wbiz0004.tar/wbiz0004/EXE2COM.ARC}}]
** [https://archive.org/details/the-cia-world-fact-book The CIA World Fact Book...] → SEL/12/0048/EXE2COM.EXE
* Spacemaker v1.06:
** {{OldskoolDOSEXE}} → DOSEXE Executable Tools Pack → packers/spacemaker.106-realia.rar
** [https://vetusware.com/download/Realia%20Spacemaker/?id=4297 At Vetusware]
* {{Deark}}

== Sample files ==
* {{CdTextfiles|simtel/stmsdos9709/disk1/DISC1/DIRUTL/DATER11.ZIP|DATER11.ZIP}} → DATER.COM (v1.03 EXE→COM)
* {{CdTextfiles|pcsig08/101_200/DISK0191/DISK0191.ZIP|DISK0191.ZIP}} → DVED.COM (v1.03 COM→COM)
* {{CdTextfiles|pdos9606/GAMES/ROLEPLAY/NHPLUS.ZIP|NHPLUS.ZIP}} → GETYN.COM (v1.03 EXE→COM)
* [https://archive.org/details/shareware-grab-bag Shareware Grab-Bag] → 090/dutils.arc (v1.06; some EXE→COM, some COM→COM)
* {{CdTextfiles|swextrav1993/disk2/business/ck2.zip|ck2.zip}} → C*.EXE (v1.03)
* {{CdTextfiles|swextrav1993/disk3/prntutil/canset11.zip|canset11.zip}} → *.EXE (v1.06)
* {{DexvertSamples|archive/spaceMakerPacked}}

== Links ==
* [https://www.os2museum.com/wp/realia-spacemaker/ Realia SpaceMaker], at the OS/2 Museum
** [https://www.os2museum.com/wp/spacemaker-update/ SpaceMaker Update]
* [https://archive.org/details/PC-Mag-1983-01/page/n415/mode/2up Advertisement in PC Magazine], Jan. 1983, p. 417

Realia Spacemaker

2026-03-14T19:48:42Z

Jsummers:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Compression
|subcat2=Executable compression
|released=1982?
}}
'''Realia Spacemaker''' (or just '''Spacemaker''') is an executable compression utility for DOS, developed by Realia. It was possibly the first executable compression utility for DOS to be released.

It compresses [[DOS executable (.com)|COM]] files (to COM), and [[MS-DOS EXE|EXE]] files (to EXE or COM).

== Discussion ==
Two versions have been found: 1.03 and 1.06. They create files that are slightly different. All compressed files found in the wild seem to be consistent with having been made by one of these two versions.

For an EXE file to be compressible by Spacemaker, it should have the following properties:
* The header field at offset 2, "bytes in last page", must ''not'' be 0, due to a bug.
* The header field at offset 12, "max allocation", must be 0xffff.
* The header field at offset 26 must be 0.
* No overlay.

== Identification ==
For COM format, the first 18 bytes match the pattern:

9c 55 56 8c cd 83 c5 10 8d b6 ?? ?? 56 be ?? ??
56 cb

In pristine files, this is followed by the ASCII string "{{magic|MEMORY$}}".

For EXE format, the same pattern appears at the start of the ''code image'' segment (refer to [[MS-DOS_EXE#Special file positions]]), which is probably always offset 512 in pristine files.

It is possible to distinguish between version 1.03 and 1.06.

It is possible to determine the original format, COM or EXE. For instance, if the original format was EXE, there are 9 consecutive 0x90 bytes in the decompressor code. Exception: The "<code>/S</code>" option makes it impossible to tell that the original format was EXE.

== Software ==
* Spacemaker v1.03:
** [https://ftp.hanmesoft.com/HOBBES/DEC/rainbow/msdos/misc/spacemkr.lzh spacemkr.lzh]
** [https://archive.org/details/ftp.update.uu.se.2014.03 archive of ftp.update.uu.se] → pub/rainbow/msdos/misc/spacemkr.lzh
** [{{DiscMasterURL|browse/11758/ftp.update.uu.se.2014.03.zip/ftp.update.uu.se/pub/rainbow/msdos/misc/spacemkr.lzh}}]
** [{{DiscMasterURL|browse/29984/wbiz0000-0009/wbiz0004.tar/wbiz0004/EXE2COM.ARC}}]
** [https://archive.org/details/the-cia-world-fact-book The CIA World Fact Book...] → SEL/12/0048/EXE2COM.EXE
* Spacemaker v1.06:
** {{OldskoolDOSEXE}} → DOSEXE Executable Tools Pack → packers/spacemaker.106-realia.rar
** [https://vetusware.com/download/Realia%20Spacemaker/?id=4297 At Vetusware]

== Sample files ==
* {{CdTextfiles|simtel/stmsdos9709/disk1/DISC1/DIRUTL/DATER11.ZIP|DATER11.ZIP}} → DATER.COM (v1.03 EXE→COM)
* {{CdTextfiles|pcsig08/101_200/DISK0191/DISK0191.ZIP|DISK0191.ZIP}} → DVED.COM (v1.03 COM→COM)
* {{CdTextfiles|pdos9606/GAMES/ROLEPLAY/NHPLUS.ZIP|NHPLUS.ZIP}} → GETYN.COM (v1.03 EXE→COM)
* [https://archive.org/details/shareware-grab-bag Shareware Grab-Bag] → 090/dutils.arc (v1.06; some EXE→COM, some COM→COM)
* {{CdTextfiles|swextrav1993/disk2/business/ck2.zip|ck2.zip}} → C*.EXE (v1.03)
* {{CdTextfiles|swextrav1993/disk3/prntutil/canset11.zip|canset11.zip}} → *.EXE (v1.06)
* {{DexvertSamples|archive/spaceMakerPacked}}

== Links ==
* [https://www.os2museum.com/wp/realia-spacemaker/ Realia SpaceMaker], at the OS/2 Museum
** [https://www.os2museum.com/wp/spacemaker-update/ SpaceMaker Update]
* [https://archive.org/details/PC-Mag-1983-01/page/n415/mode/2up Advertisement in PC Magazine], Jan. 1983, p. 417

Compression

2026-03-08T16:45:55Z

Jsummers: /* Specific file formats/programs */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|thiscat=Compression
|image=Vise.png
}}

== Stream compression formats ==

A stream format takes a stream of bytes, and outputs a different, hopefully smaller, stream of bytes. These compression formats are often used internally in other data structures to compress data, as well as in network protocols, such as http. Used stand-alone, a stream compression format does not offer archiving capability, however in the UNIX doctrine, an archiver like [[tar]] or the more archaic variant [[shar]] can be combined with an archive format to produce a proper compressed archive.

* [[gzip]] (.gz)
* [[bzip2]] (.bz2)
* [[LZ4]]
* [[LZMA Alone|LZMA_Alone]] (.lzma)
* [[pack (Unix)]] (.z)
* [[XZ]] (.xz)
* [[Zstandard]] (.zstd)
** [[Zstandard dictionary]]

== Compression algorithms and compressed data formats ==

(excluding formats usually used as file formats)

* [[Arithmetic coding]]
* [[Brotli]]
* [[Burrows–Wheeler transform]]
* [[DEFLATE]]
* [[DivANS]]
* [[EXEPACK2]]
* [[FastLZ]]
* [[Fractal compression]]
* [[HPACK (HTTP)|HPACK]] (used to compress HTTP headers)
* [[Huffman coding]]
** [[Adaptive Huffman coding]]
** [[Canonical Huffman code]]
* [[InstaCompOne]]
* [[Lempel–Ziv–Stac]] (LZS)
* [[LZ77]]
* [[LZ77 with Huffman coding]]
* [[LZ78]]
* [[LZFSE]]
* [[LZHAM]]
* [[LZMA]]
* [[LZMA2]]
* [[LZMW]]
* [[LZO]] (Lempel–Ziv–Oberhumer)
* [[LZRW]]
* [[LZSS]] (Lempel–Ziv–Storer–Szymanski)
* [[LZW]]
* [[LZX]]
** [[LZX Delta]]
* [[MSZIP]]
* [[PKWARE DCL Implode]]
* [[PPMd]]
* [[Prediction by partial matching]] (PPM)
* [[Run-length encoding]]
** [[PackBits]]
** [[RLE90]]
* [[Shannon–Fano coding]]
* [[Snappy]] (Google-created compression also used by Apple in iWork formats)
* [[zlib]]

=== Graphics compression ===
See [[Graphics#Compression]] for compression formats used primarily with graphics.

== Specific file formats/programs ==

(multi-file compressors are in [[Archiving]])

* [[9CDR]] (Amiga FileImploder Clone)
* [[ABC (Advanced Blocksorting Compressor)]]
* [[ABComp]] (.abp)
* [[Aldus LZW]]
* [[Aldus PKZP]]
* [[BARF]] (.x, .x??)
* [[BGZF]]
* [[BWTC32Key]] (.B3K)
* [[bzip]] (.bz)
* [[BZip3]] (.bz3)
* [[CAZIP]]
* [[ChiefLZ]] (.LZZ)
* [[compact (Gene Olson)]] (.W)
* [[compact (Unix)]] (.C)
* [[compress (Unix)]] (.Z)
* [[CMP (NEW-DOS)]]
* [[CORK]]
* [[CrLZH]] (.?y?)
* [[CRN]] (.crn) - compressed text files used for PC-Write manual
* [[Crunch]] (.?z?)
* [[Crunch-Mania]]
* [[DACT]]
* [[DitPack]]
* [[DUPA]] (Amiga FileImploder Clone)
* [[EBZ|EBZip]] (.ebz)
* [[EDI Install archive]]
* [[EDI Install packed file]]
* [[EDI LZSSLib]]
* [[EmmaCompress]]
* [[Error Code Modeler]] (.ecm)
* [[File Imploder]] (Amiga) (.imp)
* [[FlySpeed st/exp]]
* [[Freeze/Melt]] (Unix) (.F)
* [[Hammer (compression)|Hammer]]
* [[HAP]] (v2.x)
* [[ICE (Michael Lamanuzzi)|ICE]] (.ice, by Michael Lamanuzzi)
* [[Inflate]] (.infl) - parody format that actually increases size
* [[InstallIt!]]
* [[JAM (W. Jiang)]]
* [[The JAM Packer|JAM Packer, The]]
* [[JCalG1]] (.jc, Commodore Amiga)
* [[Kboom11]]
* [[Logitech Compress]]
* [[lrzip]] (.lrz)
* [[LZ5 and Lizard]]
* [[LZARI]]
* [[LZHUF]]
* [[Lzip]] (.lz)
* [[lzop]] (.lzo)
* [[LZS221]]
* [[LZSS (Haruhiko Okumura)]]
* [[LZWCOM]]
* [[LzwPak]]
* [[Microsoft KWAJ installation compression]]
* [[Microsoft SZ installation compression]]
* [[Mozilla LZ4]] (.jsonlz4)
* [[MS-DOS installation compression]] (.??_)
* [[MULTIKIT COMPRESS]]
* [[NetWare Packed File]]
* [[NOAH]]
* [[Nova Compress]]
* [[NPack]]
* [[NRV (Not Really Vanished)]]
* [[Oodle Data Compression]]
* [[PGNPack]]
* [[PowerPacker]] (.pp)
* [[PPMZ]]
* [[PPMZ2]]
* [[Pro-Pack]]
* [[PUT and GET (Scott Jennings)]]
* [[Quasijarus Strong Compression]]
* [[RAC]]
* [[Reduq]]
* [[RKUC]]
* [[rzip]] (.rz)
* [[S2]] (.s2, .snappy)
* [[SCO compress LZH]]
* [[SEMONE]] (.one)
* [[sfArk]]
* [[SFDN Packer]]
* [[SFPack]]
* [[SHARC]] (density)
* [[Softdisk Text Compressor]] (.ctx)
* [[Splint]]
* [[SQ2]]
* [[Squash (RISC OS)|Squash]] - single file compression on RISC OS
* [[Squeeze|Squeeze/SQ]] (.?q?)
* [[SQUEEZE (AJP Systems)]]
* [[squeeze (Daniel Bernstein)]] (.MW)
* [[Squish (Mike Albert)]]
* [[Sunzip]] (.sz)
* [[TERSE]]
* [[Top4]]
* [[TTCOMP]]
* [[TTW]]
* [[tzip]]
* [[Tzip (Text ZIP)]]
* [[UHBC]]
* [[WWPACK]]
* [[XPK]]
* [[Yay0]]
* [[Yaz0]]
* [[zchunk]]
* [[Zoo filter format]]
* [[Zoo Z format]]
* [[ZSQ (LZW compression)]]

== Transparent file compression ==
(A mostly-obsolete technique in which a background process hooks into the OS and decompresses files transparently when they are read. ''Compression'' might be done manually. The line between this and ''Disk compression'' can be blurry.)

* [[AFX (Atari ST)]]
* [[CFS (Computer Concepts Compression)]]
* [[DIET (compression)|DIET]]
* [[Diet Disk]]
* [[DiskDoubler]]
* [[Pack-Ice]]
* [[SLIM (Dominic Herity)|SLIM]]
* [[Turbo Packer]]
* [[XPACK]]

== Disk compression ==
(Transparent disk compression software and the like, excluding filesystem formats.)

* [[DoubleDisk]]
* [[DoubleSpace and DriveSpace]]
* [[JAM (disk compression)]]
* [[Stacker]]
* [[SuperStor]]

For filesystem formats that feature compression, see [[Filesystem]] (especially [[Filesystem#Compressed filesystems]]).

== Executable compression ==

See [[Executable compression]].

== See also ==

* [[Compression and archiving software]]
* [[Compression research]]
* [[Archiving]] (for formats that place multiple files together in one file, with or without compression)
* [[Graphics#Compression|Graphics]] (for image-specific compression)
* [[Video]] (for video-specific compression)
* [[Audio and Music]] (for audio-specific compression)

== Links ==
* [http://boingboing.net/2014/03/04/data-compression-with-playing.html Data-compression with playing cards]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20201108101659/https://bestofquora.wordpress.com/2014/06/14/what-is-the-most-compressed-file-ever/ What is the most compressed file ever?]
* [https://ethw.org/History_of_Lossless_Data_Compression_Algorithms History of Lossless Data Compression Algorithms]
* [https://www.mattmahoney.net/dc/dce.html Data Compression Explained - Matt Mahoney]

CORK

2026-03-08T16:44:50Z

Jsummers: Created page with "{{FormatInfo |subcat=Compression |extensions={{ext|??$}} |released=~1992? }} '''CORK''' is the signature of a compressed file format used for installation by a small number of..."

{{FormatInfo
|subcat=Compression
|extensions={{ext|??$}}
|released=~1992?
}}
'''CORK''' is the signature of a compressed file format used for installation by a small number of Windows 3.x software products. It is apparently associated with a company named Omega Logic.

It's not clear whether the installer was released as a product, or only used by Omega Logic and its partners.

== Format details ==
The compression scheme is [[ARC (compression format)|ARC]] method #8.

== Identification ==
Files are observed to start with ASCII "{{magic|CORK}}", followed by bytes {{magic|0x01 0x00}}.

== Sample files ==
* {{DiscMasterLink|browse/34139/Professional%20Soft%20Collection%20Vol.2%20(1995)(CLASSIK%20FOND).iso/windows.all/wintest/inst|wintest/inst}} → winslth.*
* {{DiscMasterLink|browse/39734/DMC_JUL_94.iso/windows/winprob3.zip|winprob3.zip}} ...
* {{DiscMasterLink|browse/15395/NSS_Collection.iso/3-019%20way%20for%20ward%20fun%20pack/1.imz/1.IMA|WayForward Fun Pack}} ...

Realia Spacemaker

2026-03-07T16:30:46Z

Jsummers:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Compression
|subcat2=Executable compression
|released=1982?
}}
'''Realia Spacemaker''' (or just '''Spacemaker''') is an executable compression utility for DOS, developed by Realia. It was possibly the first executable compression utility for DOS to be released.

It compresses [[DOS executable (.com)|COM]] files (to COM), and [[MS-DOS EXE|EXE]] files (to EXE or COM).

== Discussion ==
Two versions have been found: 1.03 and 1.06. They create files that are slightly different. All compressed files found in the wild seem to be consistent with having been made by one of these two versions.

For an EXE file to be compressible by Spacemaker, it should have the following properties:
* The header field at offset 12, "max allocation", must be 0xffff.
* The header field at offset 26 must be 0.
* No overlay.

== Identification ==
For COM format, the first 18 bytes match the pattern:

9c 55 56 8c cd 83 c5 10 8d b6 ?? ?? 56 be ?? ??
56 cb

In pristine files, this is followed by the ASCII string "{{magic|MEMORY$}}".

For EXE format, the same pattern appears at the start of the ''code image'' segment (refer to [[MS-DOS_EXE#Special file positions]]), which is probably always offset 512 in pristine files.

It is possible to distinguish between version 1.03 and 1.06.

It is possible to determine the original format, COM or EXE. For instance, if the original format was EXE, there are 9 consecutive 0x90 bytes in the decompressor code. Exception: The "<code>/S</code>" option makes it impossible to tell that the original format was EXE.

== Software ==
* Spacemaker v1.03:
** [https://ftp.hanmesoft.com/HOBBES/DEC/rainbow/msdos/misc/spacemkr.lzh spacemkr.lzh]
** [https://archive.org/details/ftp.update.uu.se.2014.03 archive of ftp.update.uu.se] → pub/rainbow/msdos/misc/spacemkr.lzh
** {{DiscMasterLink|browse/11758/ftp.update.uu.se.2014.03.zip/ftp.update.uu.se/pub/rainbow/msdos/misc/spacemkr.lzh|at DiscMaster}}
* Spacemaker v1.06:
** {{OldskoolDOSEXE}} → DOSEXE Executable Tools Pack → packers/spacemaker.106-realia.rar
** [https://vetusware.com/download/Realia%20Spacemaker/?id=4297 At Vetusware]

== Sample files ==
* {{CdTextfiles|simtel/stmsdos9709/disk1/DISC1/DIRUTL/DATER11.ZIP|DATER11.ZIP}} → DATER.COM (v1.03 EXE→COM)
* {{CdTextfiles|pcsig08/101_200/DISK0191/DISK0191.ZIP|DISK0191.ZIP}} → DVED.COM (v1.03 COM→COM)
* {{CdTextfiles|pdos9606/GAMES/ROLEPLAY/NHPLUS.ZIP|NHPLUS.ZIP}} → GETYN.COM (v1.03 EXE→COM)
* [https://archive.org/details/shareware-grab-bag Shareware Grab-Bag] → 090/dutils.arc (v1.06; some EXE→COM, some COM→COM)
* {{CdTextfiles|swextrav1993/disk2/business/ck2.zip|ck2.zip}} → C*.EXE (v1.03)
* {{CdTextfiles|swextrav1993/disk3/prntutil/canset11.zip|canset11.zip}} → *.EXE (v1.06)
* {{DexvertSamples|archive/spaceMakerPacked}}

== Links ==
* [https://www.os2museum.com/wp/realia-spacemaker/ Realia SpaceMaker], at the OS/2 Museum
** [https://www.os2museum.com/wp/spacemaker-update/ SpaceMaker Update]
* [https://archive.org/details/PC-Mag-1983-01/page/n415/mode/2up Advertisement in PC Magazine], Jan. 1983, p. 417

Web

2026-03-04T20:18:31Z

Jsummers: /* Miscellaneous */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|thiscat=Web
|released=1990
|image=Web browser.png
}}
Formats connected with the World Wide Web, though most of them overlap into other categories; basically everything that can be put in a file format of any sort can be put on the Web, and a multiplicity of types of [[document]]s, [[graphics]], [[Audio and Music|audio]], [[video]], [[markup]], [[Programming Languages|programming languages]], and more, are used there. The Web is a variety of [[hypermedia]], by far the most successful one.

== Blogging and web hosting platforms ==

* [[Blogger]]
* [[Posterous]]
* [[Xanga]]

== Cloud platforms ==

* [[Amazon Web Services]] (AWS)
** [[Amazon Resource Name]] (ARN)
* [[Google Cloud]]
* [[Heroku]]
* [[IBM Cloud]]
* [[Microsoft Azure Cloud]]

== Content management systems ==

* [[Drupal]]
* [[WordPress]]

== Development software ==

* [[Dreamweaver site settings file]] (.ste)
* [[Homestead SiteBuilder]] (.hc, .xpf)
* [[Master Album Maker]] (.mmp)
* [[Actual Drawing]] (.adf)

== Feeds, syndication, and metadata ==

* [[Atom]] (syndication format)
* [[h-entry]] (Microformats, was part of HAtom until split and renamed in microformats2)
* [[h-feed]] (Microformats, was part of HAtom until split and renamed in microformats2)
* [[hListing]] (Microformats; product/service listings)
* [[hMedia]] (Microformats; image/video/audio metadata)
* [[hNews]] (Microformats; news articles)
* [[h-resume]] (Microformats; resumes/CVs)
* [[h-review]] (Microformats; ratings/reviews)
* [[opencomic]] (syndication of webcomics)
* [[OPML]]
* [[RDF]]
** [[RDFa]] (linked data in HTML)
** [[TTL]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turtle_(syntax) Turtle]
* [[RSS]]

== Markup, documents and data ==

* [[3DMLW]] (3D Markup Language for Web)
* [[Accelerated Mobile Pages]] (AMP)
* [[BBCode]]
* [[Cascading Style Sheets]] (CSS)
** [[Sass]] (pre-processor for CSS)
* [[Compressed Markup Language]] (CML, PQA; used in PalmOS)
* [[HTML|HTML/XHTML]]
* [[Markdeep]]
* [[Markdown]]
* [[MHTML]]
* [[Wiki markup]]
* [[WML]]
* [[WOFF]]

== Program/system-specific files (browser/server/OS/etc) ==

=== General ===
* [[Web browser files]] (bookmarks, cookies, configurations, etc.)
* [[Web server files]] (server configuration, etc.)

=== Specific ===
* [[Internet Shortcut]] (Windows)
* [[Webloc]] (Mac OS X)

== Protocols and parameters ==

* [[Common Gateway Interface]] (CGI)
* [[DNS]]
* [[Domain name]]
** [[Top-level domain]]
* [[Gopher]]
* [[HTTP]]
** [[HPACK (HTTP)]]
* [[HTTPS]]
* [[IP address]]
* [[IPV6]]
* [[JSON API]]
* [[Linked Data Platform]]
* [[MIME types]]
* [[QUIC]]
* [[SOAP]]
* [[TCP/IP]]
* [[Tor]]
* [[URL]]s (and URIs, URNs, etc.)
** [[URL encoding]]
* [[WAP]]
* [[WebDAV]]

== Scripts/Applets/Plug-Ins/Frameworks/APIs/Templating ==

* [[Active Server Pages]] (ASP)
* [[ActiveX]]
* [[Audio Data API (Mozilla)]]
* [[BrowserFS]]
* [[ECMAScript]]
* [[Java]]
* [[JavaScript]]
* [[JavaServer Pages]] (JSP)
* [[Liquid]] (.liquid)
* [[MediaStream Processing API]]
* [[.Net Framework]]
* [[node.js]]
* [[NPAPI]]
* [[Open Web App Manifest]] (.webapp)
* [[PHP]]
* [[React]]
* [[Server Side Includes]]
* [[Shockwave (Director)]]
* [[Silverlight]]
* [[SWF]] (Flash)
* [[VBScript]]
* [[Web Audio API]]
* [[WMLScript]]

== Site dumps, multi-file packaging, and offline reading ==

* [[ARC (Internet Archive)]]
* [[HAR]] (HTTP Archive)
* [[MAFF]] (Mozilla Archive Format)
* [[Package (Web)]]
* [[PackageForTheWeb]]
* [[Portable Web Publications]]
* [[WARC]]
* [[Webarchive (Safari)]]
* [[XOWA]]
* [[Zeno]]
* [[ZIM]]

== Miscellaneous ==

* [[Adobe Cross Domain Policy File]] (crossdomain.xml)
* [[Ads.txt]]
* [[Canonical Link Relation]] (rel="canonical")
* [[carbon.txt]]
* [[Content Security Policy]]
* [[DWF]] - AutoDesk's Design Web Format; AutoCAD & Revit can publish to this format; similar in concept to PDF files; AutoDesk Design Review is the reader
* [[Favicon]]
* [[Form URL encoding]]
* [[Galen]] (framework for testing responsive sites)
* [[JSON-LD]] (JSON for linked data)
* [[llms.txt]]
* [[Mark of the Web]]
* [[Multipart/Form-Data]]
* [[Open Graph protocol]]
* [[OpenSearch Description]]
* [[P3P]] (Platform for Privacy Preferences)
* [[Percent-encoding]]
* [[rel-author]] (Microformats; link to author homepage)
* [[rel-home]] (Microformats; link to site homepage)
* [[rel-license]] (Microformats; link to site license)
* [[rel-nofollow]] (Microformats; gets robots to ignore link)
* [[rel-payment]] (Microformats; link to payment method)
* [[rel-tag]] (Microformats)
* [[Robots Exclusion Standard]] (robots.txt)
* [[Security.txt]]
* [[Sitemap]]
* [[URL shorteners]]
* [[Web Annotation Protocol]]
* [[Web-safe colors]]
* [[Well-known URI]]

== See also ==

See also [[E-Mail, newsgroups, and forums]] (a number of web-based messaging/social-networking things are there)

== External links ==

=== History ===
* [http://blogs.palmbeachpost.com/superfun/2013/12/29/watch-arthur-c-clarke-in-1974-predict-computers-and-the-internet-today/ Arthur C. Clarke predicts computers and the Internet in 1974]
* [http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-talk/1992JanFeb/0000.html Tim Berners-Lee discusses Web protocols/formats in Jan 1992]
* [http://mentalfloss.com/article/49676/what-internet-looked-1995 What the Internet looked like in 1995]
* [https://archive.org/details/The_Internet_-_a_step_by_step_guide_on_video_VHS_ABC_1996 1996 Internet Step-By-Step Guide video]
* [http://theweek.com/article/index/248229/7-highlights-from-this-amazing-1997-kids-guide-to-the-internet 1997 "Kids' Guide to the Internet" video]
* [http://web.archive.org/web/19980610100009/www.redherring.com/mag/issue55/economics.html#?hn 1998: prognosticator predicts "By 2005 or so, it will become clear that the Internet's impact on the economy has been no greater than the fax machine's"]
* [http://thiswasfirst.com/ First posts on famous websites]
* [http://www.wired.com/underwire/2013/04/websites-stuck-in-time/ Internet Archaeology: Behold the Most Hilarious Abandoned Websites]

=== Privacy and security ===
* [http://boingboing.net/2013/08/18/paranoid-browsing-anti-profil.html Paranoid Browsing plug-in]
* [http://justdelete.me/ Justdelete.me: Delete your account on lots of web services]
* [http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22029444.900-throw-off-the-spooks-by-disguising-your-web-traffic.html Throw off the spooks by disguising your web traffic]
* [https://disconnect.me/ Disconnect: visualize and block invisible websites that track you]
* [https://www.howsmyssl.com/ How's My SSL?] (tests the security of your browser)
* [http://csi.websense.com/ Check URL for stuff Websense thinks is malicious or might be subject to filtering for some reason]
* [http://www.theshovel.com.au/2014/08/06/brandi-laws-only-for-people-using-world-wide-web/ Brandis Reassures Australians: Data Retention Laws Only For People Using World Wide Web]

=== Commentary ===

* [http://boingboing.net/2013/05/09/howto-search-the-web-like-the.html How to search the Web like the NSA]
* [http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/robert-samuelson-of-internet-threats-and-cyberattacks/2013/06/30/df7bd42e-e1a9-11e2-a11e-c2ea876a8f30_story.html If I could, I would repeal the Internet]
* [http://www.wired.com/wiredenterprise/2013/08/indie-web/ Meet the Hackers Who Want to Jailbreak the Internet]
* [http://www.w3.org/QA/2013/05/perspectives_on_encrypted_medi.html W3C statement about adding DRM/content protection to web standards]
* [http://www.wired.com/beyond_the_beyond/2009/03/what-bruce-ster/ What Bruce Sterling Actually Said About Web 2.0 at Webstock 09]
* [https://www.usenix.org/system/files/1403_02-08_mickens.pdf To Wash It All Away]
* [http://britishlibrary.typepad.co.uk/webarchive/2014/10/what-is-still-on-the-web-after-10-years-of-archiving-.html What is still on the web after 10 years of archiving?]
* [http://ndsr.nycdigital.org/symmetrical-web-archiving-with-webrecorder-a-browser-based-tool-for-digital-social-memory-an-interview-with-ilya-kreymer/ Symmetrical web archiving]

=== Tools and utilities ===

* [http://netpreserve.org/web-archiving/tools-and-software Web archiving tools and software]
* [http://activehistory.ca/2014/07/two-tools-for-the-web-savvy-historian-memento-and-webcite/ Three Tools for the Web-Savvy Historian: Memento, Zotero, and WebCite]
* [http://ws-dl.blogspot.com/2014/07/2014-07-14-archival-acid-test.html Archival Acid Test] (tests whether web archivers preserve functionality)
* [https://github.com/lintool/warcbase warcbase: A web archive browser built on HBase]
* [http://www.ianww.com/ad-detector/ Ad Detector: flags sponsored content]
* [https://github.com/Netflix/sketchy Sketchy: takes screenshots and scrapes text from web pages]
* [http://ianmilligan.ca/2014/08/27/using-imageplot-to-explore-web-archived-images/ Using ImagePlot to Explore Web Archived Images]
* [https://modern.ie/en-us/screenshots BrowserStack screenshot automation]
* [http://mementoweb.org/ Memento "time travel" extension for Chrome]
** [http://blog.bibsonomy.org/2014/09/feature-of-week-bibsonomy-and-memento_9.html?m=1 BibSonomy and Memento]
** RFC 7089 - proposed HTTP protocol extension for date-time negotiation
** [http://timetravel.mementoweb.org/guide/api/ Time travel API documentation]
* [http://hypothes.is/ The Web, Annotated]
* [https://webrecorder.io/ WebRecorder: create archival copies of sites you browse]
* [http://ws-dl.blogspot.com/2014/11/2014-11-14-carbon-dating-web-version-20.html Carbon dating the Web]
* [http://yacy.net/en/index.html Web Search by the people, for the people]
* [http://builtwith.com/ Builtwith: shows what tools are behind a site]
* [http://frontendhq.com/pinger Ping me when a standard is supported by 90% of browsers]
* [https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/558/07/ Resources to Search the Invisible Web]
* [http://dev.modern.ie/tools/vms/windows/ Download virtual machines running various versions of MSIE]
* [http://codepen.io/ CodePen: in-browser HTML/CSS/JS editor with instant results]
* [https://github.com/ikreymer/netcapsule Netcapsule: Browse old websites in emulated old browsers]
* [http://deslide.clusterfake.net/ Deslide: Display those web slideshows on one page]
* [http://oldweb.today/ oldweb.today: View old web pages in emulations of old browsers]
* [https://github.com/helgeho/ArchiveSpark ArchiveSpark: Apache Spark framework that facilitates access to Web Archives]
* [https://hyperdev.com/ HyperDev: developer playground for building web apps] ([http://www.joelonsoftware.com/items/2016/05/30.html More info])

=== Other ===
* [https://webmaker.org/standard Mozilla's Web Literacy Standard]
* [http://mentalfloss.com/article/31932/chasing-cicada-exploring-darkest-corridors-internet Chasing the Cicada: Exploring the Darkest Corridors of the Internet]
* [http://blogs.loc.gov/digitalpreservation/2011/11/the-average-lifespan-of-a-webpage/ The average lifespan of a webpage (2011)]
* [http://www.informationr.net/ir/9-2/paper174.html?_ga=1.52567341.481372218.1392651717 A longitudinal study of Web pages continued: a consideration of document persistence (2004)]
* [http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/nov/14/conservatives-website-purge-history-tory-party-speeches-internet The Conservatives' website purge has destroyed history]
* [https://github.com/alphagov/frontend Front end of gov.uk site, downloadable from Github]
* [http://downworthy.snipe.net/ Downworthy: A browser plugin to turn hyperbolic viral headlines into what they really mean]
* [http://www.techrepublic.com/article/flex-the-power-of-curl-for-web-dev-testing-and-data-transfers/ Flex the power of cURL for web dev testing and data transfers]
* [http://www.cs.odu.edu/~aalsum/projects/mcurl.html mcurl: Command line memento client to retrieve old versions of web pages from archives]
* [http://virtuallyfun.superglobalmegacorp.com/?p=3866 Surfing modern web with ancient browsers]
* [http://www.webat25.org/ Web at 25]
* [http://www.re-cycledair.com/restoring-a-14-year-old-website Restoring a 14 year old website]
* [http://blog.archive.org/2013/10/24/web-archive-404-handler-for-webmasters/ Internet Archive 404 Not Found Handler]
* [http://netpreserve.org/collection-development-policies Web archiving policies of various archives and national libraries]
* [http://xldb.di.fc.ul.pt/xldb/publications/Costa:InformationSearchIn:2014_document.pdf Information Search in Web Archives (academic thesis)]
* [https://medium.com/making-instapaper/bookmarklets-are-dead-d470d4bbb626 Bookmarklets are dead... we just don't know it yet]
* [https://webkit.org/blog/6682/improving-color-on-the-web/ Improving color on the web]

[[Category:Hypermedia]]
[[Category:Websites and online services]]

Security.txt

2026-03-04T20:16:10Z

Jsummers:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Web
|extensions={{ext|txt}}
}}
'''Security.txt''' is a proposed standard way for website owners to provide security-related information (e.g. how to report vulnerabilities) to security researchers and other third parties.

It is similar in concept, and in format, to [[Robots Exclusion Standard|robots.txt]].

To use it, the website administrator creates a document at <code>/.well-known/security.txt</code>. The full URL would be something like <code><nowiki>http://example.com/.well-known/security.txt</nowiki></code>. (See also [[Well-known URI]].)

== Links ==
* [https://securitytxt.org/ security.txt website]
* [https://github.com/EdOverflow/security-txt GitHub project]
* [https://www.ietf.org/id/draft-foudil-securitytxt-00.txt RFC draft 2017-09-10]

[[Category:Security]]
[[Category:File formats with a distinctive filename]]

Well-known URI

2026-03-04T20:14:48Z

Jsummers: Created page with "{{FormatInfo |formattype=electronic |subcat=Web |released=≤2010 }} '''Well-known URI''' refers to the proposed standard that certain special per-website URLs can have a ..."

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Web
|released=≤2010
}}
'''Well-known URI''' refers to the proposed standard that certain special per-website [[URL]]s can have a path that starts with "/.well-known/", and be centrally registered.

== Links ==
* [https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8615 RFC 8615]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Well-known_URI Wikipedia article]
* https://github.com/protocol-registries/well-known-uris

[[Category:Naming and numbering systems]]

Llms.txt

2026-03-04T00:21:43Z

Jsummers:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Web
|extensions={{ext|txt}}
|wikidata={{wikidata|Q133958690}}
}}

'''llms.txt''' is a proposed document standard by [https://jeremy.fast.ai/ Jeremy Howard] for enabling LLMs to make use of a website at inference time.

'''llms.txt''' is based on [[Markdown]] meaning it is human and machine readable. It adopts a precise structure enabling "fixed processing methods".

== Proposed structure ==

The structure is proposed as follows:

* An H1 with the name of the project or site. This is the only required section
* A blockquote with a short summary of the project, containing key information necessary for understanding the rest of the file
* Zero or more markdown sections (e.g. paragraphs, lists, etc) of any type except headings, containing more detailed information about the project and how to interpret the provided files
* Zero or more markdown sections delimited by H2 headers, containing “file lists” of URLs where further detail is available
:* Each “file list” is a markdown list, containing a required markdown hyperlink [name](url), then optionally a : and notes about the file.

== Example ==

An example might look as follows (from the documentation):

<pre>
# Title

> Optional description goes here

Optional details go here

## Section name

- [Link title](https://link_url): Optional link details

## Optional

- [Link title](https://link_url)
</pre>

== References ==

* [https://llmstxt.org/ llms.txt homepage]

[[Category:AI and Machine Learning]]

Realia Spacemaker

2026-03-02T16:23:42Z

Jsummers: /* Software */

Realia Spacemaker

2026-03-02T16:18:40Z

Jsummers: /* Sample files */

OPTIKS COM image

2026-02-21T19:34:46Z

Jsummers:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|com}}
|released=1988
}}
'''OPTIKS COM image''' refers to a self-displaying image format created by [[OPTIKS]], a graphics application by Keith P. Graham. It is in the form of a [[DOS executable (.com)|DOS COM]] file. The format was new in OPTIKS v2.11 (1988-11-01).

OPTIKS usually calls the format '''Self Scrolling COM file''' or '''Self Displaying COM file'''. The generated files contain the names '''OPTIKS Quick View''' and '''QVIEW'''.

== Format details ==
The generated files are highly formulaic. There are at least two, probably only two, slightly different versions:
* One made by v2.11 to 2.15. Bytes <code>bb 00 10 b4</code> appear at offset 316.
* One made by v2.16(?) to 3.01. Bytes <code>8d 1e 70 17</code> appear at offset 316.

== Identification ==
The first 22 bytes of a file are {{magic|0xe9 0x39 0x01 0x0d 0x0a}}, followed by ASCII "{{magic|OPTIKS Quick View}}".

== See also ==
* [[OPTIKS]]
* [[FMAC2COM]] - A format with a similar function, by the same author
* [[ICE (executable compression)#See also]], for other formats by the same author

== Software ==
* [[OPTIKS]] (some versions; write-only)

OPTIKS typically has a free and a commercial version. Some of the free versions refuse to save to COM format. The feature seems to work in at least free version 2.18b+.

No conversion utility is known, though you could execute the file in a DOS environment and take a screenshot.

== Sample files ==
* {{CdTextfiles|carousel344/028/LOGOPCL.ZIP|LOGOPCL.ZIP}} (v2.11-2.15)
* {{CdTextfiles|megagames1/GAMES/APOGEE/KEENALP2.ZIP|KEENALP2.ZIP}}
* [https://archive.org/details/coco_share2 Coco's Super Shareware Box - II] → DOS/DPRINTER/YB551.ZIP → most .COM files

[[Category:Executable envelopes]]

OPTIKS

2026-02-21T19:30:20Z

Jsummers: /* Downloads */

{|
|[[Software]]
| >
|[[Graphics software]]
| >
|[[OPTIKS]]
|}
'''OPTIKS''' (sometimes written '''Optiks''') is a graphics application for DOS, developed by Keith P. Graham. This article also covers its predecessor, '''PC Rockland Graphics Base''' ('''PCRGB'''). The software was developed around 1987-1992.

It supports a number of old graphics formats<ref>See, for example, {{CdTextfiles|simtel/simtel20/MSDOS/GRAPHICS/OKF220.ZIP|v2.20}} → GR_EXT.ZIP → GR_EXT.DOC</ref>, and may be useful for research purposes.

== Native formats ==
* [[OPTIKS COM image]]
* [[PCR font]]
* [[PCR image]]

== Downloads ==
* PCRGB
** {{CdTextfiles|microhaus/mhblackbox3/GRPHUTIL/PCRGB101.ZIP|v1.01}}
** v1.31: [https://archive.org/details/shareware-grab-bag] → Shareware_Grab_Bag_1988.zip → 008/pcrgb131.arc

* OPTIKS
** {{CdTextfiles|rbbsv3n1/pac4/optik200.zip|v2.00}}
** v2.05: {{CdTextfiles|bthevhell/viewpic/ok.exe|ok.exe}}, {{CdTextfiles|bthevhell/viewpic/ok.doc|ok.doc}}
** {{CdTextfiles|rbbsv3n1/pac4/optik206.zip|v2.06}}
** {{CdTextfiles|rbbsv3n1/pac4/optik208.zip|v2.08}}
** {{CdTextfiles|swextrav1993/disk1/grprogs/okf210.zip|v2.10}}
** {{CdTextfiles|carousel344/024/OKF211.ZIP|v2.11}}
** {{CdTextfiles|microhaus/mhblackbox2/CAD/OPTIKS.ZIP|v2.12}}
** {{CdTextfiles|swextrav1993/disk1/grprogs/okf215.zip|v2.15}}
** {{CdTextfiles|swextrav1993/disk1/grprogs/okf218b.zip|v2.18b}}
** {{CdTextfiles|simtel/simtel20/MSDOS/GRAPHICS/OKF220.ZIP|v2.20}}
** {{CdTextfiles|somuch/smsharew2/GRAPHICS/OK301.ZIP|v3.01}}

== See also ==
* [[ICE (executable compression)#See also]], for other software by the same author

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Software]]
[[Category:Graphics]]

Executable envelopes

2026-02-19T18:18:51Z

Jsummers: /* Executable documents */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Executables
|thiscat=Executable envelopes
}}
'''Executable envelopes''' refers to a diverse class of files that use a standard [[Executables|executable]] format, but which were generated in a formulaic way from some original file (which may or may not have itself been executable). They usually consist of a boilerplate ''decoder'' section, plus a ''payload'' section that could potentially be extracted to a standard format.

== Executable compression ==
Refer to [[Executable compression]].

== Executable protection ==
(password protection, obfuscation, authentication, tamper-proofing, expiration, etc.)

* [[Central Point Anti-Virus immunized file]]
* [[Exe Protect]]
* [[HackStop]]
* [[Protect! EXE/COM]]

The [https://www.sac.sk/files.php?d=9 Security section] of the SAC collection has many such programs.

Some [[Executable compression]] utilities also have features of this type.

''(TODO: Populate this section.)''

== Self-extracting archives ==
Most self-extracting archive formats are covered (or would be covered) in the article for the corresponding [[Archiving]] format.

A few are listed at [[Archiving#Self-extracting archives]], especially if they have their own article.

== Self-extracting installers ==
Self-extracting installer formats are listed at [[Archiving#Program/App/Applet/Installer specialized archive formats]], along with other formats.

== Executable documents ==
(A document in some known format, combined with a viewer for that format.)

Most such formats are covered (or would be covered) in the article for the corresponding document format.

=== Executable text ===
([[plain text]], text with simple [[markup]], simple [[Electronic Publishing formats|e-book]] formats, etc.)

* [[Asc2Com]]
* [[ASCOM]]
* [[AutoCom (REXXCOM)]] (companion to AutoDoc) [{{CdTextfilesURL|psl/pslv2nv10/UTILS/DOS/FILEVIEW/AUTOCOM.ZIP}}][{{CdTextfilesURL|jcs/jcsma2v14/DKTOPPUB/AUTODOC.ZIP}}]
* [[Bigtext]] (Kevin Solway)
* [[Breeze Text-to-EXE]] (Kevin Solway)
* [[David's Readme Compiler]]
* [[DIZ2EXE]] (Olan Patrick Barnes)
* [[DOC2COM (Dan K. Nelson)]]
* [[DOC2COM (Gerald DePyper)]]
* [[Doc2List]] (T. Edel) [{{DiscMasterURL|browse/21807/Pegasus_20.iso/pegasus/textutil/doc2list.zip}}]
* [[Doc2Page]] (T. Edel) [{{DiscMasterURL|browse/21807/Pegasus_20.iso/pegasus/textutil/doc2page.zip}}]
* [[Doc2Prnt]] (T. Edel) [{{DiscMasterURL|browse/21807/Pegasus_20.iso/pegasus/textutil/doc2prnt.zip}}]
* [[DOCMAKER (Jack A. Orman)]]
* [[The Electronic Text Publishing System|Electronic Text Publishing System, The]] (Philip P. Kapusta) [{{CdTextfilesURL|psl/pslv3nv04/UTILS/DOS/FILEVIEW/ETEXT10.ZIP}}]
* [[FL2COM]]
* [[GTXT and MakeScroll]] (Eric Gans)
* [[LM-T2E]] (RKT-LANDMARK) ([https://archive.org/details/pegasus20] → pegasus/textutil/lm_t2e.zip)
* [[MAKEREAD]]
* [[MkCom]]
* [[Read-A-Matic]]
* [[READMAKE]] (Bruce Guthrie / Wayne Software)
* [[SHOW (Gary M. Raymond)]]
* [[Simply Docs]] (SimpleWare / Robert E. Pitcher) [{{CdTextfilesURL|nightowl/nopv10/051A/SIMDOC20.ZIP}}]
* [[TEXE]]
* [[TextExe (LRC Computing)]]
* [[TextLife]] (Kevin Solway)
* [[TurboTXT]]
* [[TXT2COM (De Trans Software)]]
* [[TXT2COM (Keith P. Graham)]]
* [[TXT2COM (Prakash.K)]]
* [[TXT2COM (Uwe Schlenther)]]
* [[TXT2COM (Wiering Software)]]
* [[Txt2Exe (BlackLight)]]
* [[TXT2EXE (P. Fischer-Haaser)]]
* [[TXT2EXE.COM (John De Palma)]]
* [[TXTmaker]] (Jack A. Orman)
* [[TXTRUN]] (Sawada) [{{CdTextfilesURL|psl/pslv2nv10/UTILS/DOS/FILEVIEW/TXTRUN.ZIP}}]
* [[The WriteMe System|WriteMe System, The]] (Sitting Duck Software) [{{CdTextfilesURL|psl/pslv3nv04/UTILS/DOS/FILEVIEW/WRITEME.ZIP}}]
* [[XDOC (JauMing Tseng)]]
* [[X-Filer]] (Philip P. Kapusta) [{{SACFTPURL|utiltext|xfile101.zip}}]

=== Executable graphics ===
Some executable graphics formats are covered (or would be covered) in the article for the corresponding non-executable format (see [[Graphics]]), and not necessarily listed here.

* [[FMAC2COM]]
* [[GIFEXE]]
* [[GRABBER]]
* [[Graphic Workshop self-displaying picture]]
* [[NETPIC (Jim Tucker)|NETPIC]]
* [[OPTIKS COM image]]
* [[PCX2COM]]
* [[PCX2EXE (Arminio Grgic)]]
* [[PCX2EXE (F. del Pozo)]]
* [[PCX2EXE (Mike Williams)]]
* [[PCX-to-Executable]]
* [[PIXIT]]
* [[Title-Maker]]
* [[VGAPaint 386 COM Program]]
* [[VGAPaint 386 PCX Self-Extracting Picture]]

=== Executable animation ===
* [[FLI2EXE (CIMEDIA)]] ([https://archive.org/details/PCMCDS] → PCMania CD45_1.iso → SHAREWAR/UTILES/FLI2EXE)
* [[FLI2EXE (Cyber-Design)]] [{{CdTextfilesURL|pier01/021a/fli2exe2.zip}}]
* [[FLi2EXE (Rezaul Kabir)]] [{{CdTextfilesURL|simtel/stmsdos9709/disk1/DISC1/ANIMATE/FLI2EXE.ZIP}}]
* [[Fli2Exe (Systemes Teknologies)]] ([https://archive.org/details/dptoolclub-cdasc] → CDASC03.ISO → NEWS/4338/FLI2EXE)
* [[FLIEXE (B. Pineda)]] ([https://archive.org/details/cd-ascq] → CD_ASCQ_18_111294_W.iso → DOS/FR/TRIFLI/FLIEXE/)
* [[FLIEXE (Synergrafix)]] [{{CdTextfilesURL|simtel/stmsdos9709/disk1/DISC1/ANIMATE/FLIEXE10.ZIP}}]
* [[FLI to EXE convertor (m&g)]] [{{SACFTPURL|graph|fli2exe.zip}}]
* [[MAKER FLI to EXE]] ([https://archive.org/details/bbs-1] → FOR-DOS/FLI2EXE.ZIP)

=== Executable character graphics ===
(including [[ANSI Art]] and related formats)

* [[ACiDDraw COM file]]
* [[ANS2COM (REXXCOM)]] [{{CdTextfilesURL|phoenix4/TS/17A/ANS2COM.ZIP}}]
* [[ANSi To Exe Converter (BUFF)]] [{{CdTextfilesURL|simtel/simtel9703/disk1/DISC1/SCREEN/A2E_V_12.ZIP}}]
* [[BinVU]]
* [[Fontastic COM format]]
* [[Laughing Dog Screen Maker COM file]]
* [[P-Screen COM Screen]]
* [[sMAUG ANSI Executable]]
* [[TheDraw COM File]]

=== Other executable documents ===
* [[DemoMaker (R. Janorkar)]]
* [[EVAfont driver]]
* [[FONTEDIT font]]
* [[FontEdit II COM file]]
* [[Font Mania (REXXCOM)]]
* [[PIANOMAN PLAYER PIANO self-playing song]]
* [[VCOMP (Blaster Master)]]
* [[WAVTOEXE (Rezaul Kabir)]]
* [[WRITFONT]] ({{CdTextfiles|simtel0692/MSDOS/SCREEN/ZAVT11.ZIP|ZAVT11.ZIP}} → FONTS.ZIP)

== Executable libraries ==
(Multiple executable files combined into one executable file, such that you can choose the one to execute.)

* [[ARK (executable library)]]
* [[COM-Pack library]]
* [[XEQ]]

== Executable sequencers ==
Utilities that combine two or more executable files into one that, in effect, executes the original files in sequence. The term ''sticker'' is sometimes used, which can refer to the utility, or to the component file that is playing the role of the appendage.

A variation of this is a utility that takes a document such as a text file, converts it to code that displays the document, and appends it to an arbitrary executable file.

'''Sketchy software alert:''' While legitimate uses exist, appending code to someone else's software is characteristic of computer viruses, and software "cracking" groups.

* [[Ady's GLUE]]
* [[The Message Sticker|Message Sticker, The]] (Paz Hameiri)
* [[MINICHAINER]]
* [[V-Load]]

More examples may be found in
[https://web.archive.org/web/20051130022141/http://www.exetools.com/others.htm archives of exetools.com].

== Executable format conversion ==
(Utilities whose main purpose is conversion from one binary executable format to another, especially if they produce an envelope-like format.)

* [[EXE2COM (PSP Soft)]]
* [[EXE2COM (The Doors of Perception)]]
* [[ExeToCom file converter]]
* [[SCRE2B]]
* [[XLOADER]]

See also the [[EXE2COM]] disambiguation page.

== Compiled scripts ==
(Some compiled script formats don't fit this category very well, but may be listed here anyway.)

* [[BAT2EXEC]]
* [[BATCOM (Wenham Software)]]
* [[BatLite]]
* [[BATtoCOM]] (Clockwork Software)
* Professional EBL-Plus - See [[Extended Batch Language]].
* [[TurboBAT]]

== Transfer-encoded executables ==
(A file that remains executable despite having had a [[Transfer Encodings|transfer encoding]] or the like applied. This is impossible or impractical with most executable formats, unless they are very "raw", as [[DOS executable (.com)|.COM]] format is.)

* [[c2t]] (Jørgen Ibsen)
* [[COM2TXT (Dandler Productions)]]
* [[Com2txt (Dark Stalker)]]
* [[com2txt]] (Naoyuki Nide)
* [[Com4Mail]]
* [[COMT]]
* [[NETRUN]]
* [[xcom (PTS)]]

Special-purpose formats:
* [[NETPIC (Jim Tucker)|NETPIC]]
* [[NETSEND]]

Related links:
* [http://tom7.org/abc/ Tom 7's PAPER.EXE]

== Links ==
* {{OldskoolDOSEXE}} → Executable Tools Pack - Collection of many DOS utilities

BinVU

2026-02-19T18:18:01Z

Jsummers: Created page with "{{FormatInfo |formattype=electronic |subcat=Graphics |released=1996 }} '''BinVU''' is an obscure executable character graphics format, apparently associated with ArtWorx. It i..."

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|released=1996
}}
'''BinVU''' is an obscure executable character graphics format, apparently associated with ArtWorx. It is a [[MS-DOS EXE|DOS EXE]] file that, when executed, displays the graphics (or tries to).

See [[ArtWorx Data Format]] for information about ArtWorx.

== Discussion ==
According to the change log, BinVU was introduced in ArtWorx v0.85 (though the generated files contain the string "ArtWorx 0.80").

The files do not seem to run correctly most of the time. It's not clear what the requirements are.

No evidence found that BinVU has ever been used, beyond the ADF-INFO.EXE file included with ArtWorx.

== Identification ==
Files start with the bytes in the BINVU.DAT file included with ArtWorx. Only one version of this file is known.

== Specifications ==
The format could be learned about from the ArtWorx source code and the BINVU.DAT file.

== Software ==
* ArtWorx: Refer to [[ArtWorx Data Format#Software]] for links to ArtWorx v0.85+.

== Sample files ==
* {{CdTextfiles|darkdomain/programs/dos/editors/artx091a.zip|artx091a.zip}} → ADF-INFO.EXE

[[Category:Executable envelopes]]