Just Solve the File Format Problem - User contributions [en]

P-touch Editor Label

2021-02-05T06:01:10Z

Hub: /* Description */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Document
|extensions={{ext|lbt}}, {{ext|lbx}}
}}

== Description ==

This format is used by Brother's P-touch Editor range of label-making software. '''.lbt''' files appear to be created by P-touch Editor Lite, with '''.lbx''' files created by the fully-featured editor.

The format appears to store a range of information about the contents of the label (text / image, formatting information), as well as information about the labelling device used and the label itself (length / width). A sample '''.lbt''' file can be found [https://docs.google.com/file/d/0Bx6iNywJoU6Ub1ZkZE9pdGQ1TEU/edit here]

'''.lbx''' is a ZIP file containing some XML file using a Brother proprietary schema and eventually some '''.bmp''' files.

== Links ==

* [http://www.brother.com/product/dev/label/editor/index.htm P-touch editor]

Cameras and Digital Image Sensors

2019-08-08T03:58:50Z

Hub: /* Software */ updated URL

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|thiscat=Cameras and Digital Image Sensors
|locfdd={{LoCFDD|fdd000241}}
|image=Old-camera-1352392502n6P.jpg
}}
Specialized formats (mainly raw image formats) used by digital cameras and scanners

''See also:''
* [[Graphics]]
* [[Scientific Data formats]] - Telescope, microscope, and other formats
* [[Geospatial]]
* [[Health and Medicine]] - Medical imaging

== Raw image formats ==
(Minimally-processed data from digital image sensors, usually digital cameras)

* [[Arriflex D-20]]: .ari
* [[BAY]] (Casio)
* [[Camera Image File Format]] (CIFF) as used by Canon: .crw
* [[Canon RAW 2]]: .cr2
* [[CHDK raw]]: (Older-style CHDK RAW files)
* [[DNG]] (Digital Negative): .dng (Adobe)
* [[Epson ERF]]
* [[Fujifilm RAF]]
* [[Hasselblad 3FR]]
* [[HDRiRAW]]
* [[Imacon 3F]]: .fff
* [[Kodak]]: .dcs, .dcr, .drf, .k25, .kdc
* [[Leaf MOS]]
* [[Leica]]: .raw, .rw2, .dng
* [[Logitech]]: .pxn
* [[Lytro]]: .lfp
* [[Mamiya MEF]]
* [[Minolta MDC (Minolta RD-175)]]
* [[Minolta MRW]]
* [[Mitsubishi DJ-1000]]: .dat
* [[Nikon]]: .nef, .nrw, .ndf
* [[Nokia digital pictures]]: .nrw
* [[Olympus ORF]]
* [[Panasonic RAW/RW2]]: .raw, .rw2
* [[Pentax PEF]]
* Phase One [[IIQ]] Raw
* [[Phase One]]: .cap, .eip
* [[Porst]]
* [[Rawzor]]: .rwz
* [[RED digital pictures]]: .r3d
* [[Rollei RDC]]: .rdc
* [[Samsung SRW]]
* [[Sony ARW]]
* [[Sony SRF]]
* [[Sony SR2]] ({{PRONOM|fmt/1126}})
* [[TIFF/EP]] (ISO 12234-2)
* [[X3F]] (Sigma / Foveon)

== Other formats ==

* [[AAE sidecar format]] - Adjustment data
* [[Canon EOS C300 Custom Picture Profile]] (CPF) - Camera settings
* [[Canon XF-AVC]] (video)
* [[DCF]]
* [[DNG camera profile]]
* [[FPF (FLIR)]]
* [[J6I]] - Ricoh Digital Camera image file
* [[PCO B16]] - Image format used by PCO software
* [[PSF (PhotoStudio)]] - Image format used by Canon software
* [[Sony Mavica 411]] - Thumbnail image
* [[ZoomBrowser Ex thumbnail cache]]

== Software ==
Most of the software listed here is based on dcraw.

* [http://www.cybercom.net/~dcoffin/dcraw/ dcraw]
** [http://www.cybercom.net/~dcoffin/dcraw/#others dcraw's list of other raw photo decoders]
* [[Konvertor]]
* [https://libopenraw.freedesktop.org/libopenraw/ libopenraw]
* [http://www.libraw.org/ LibRaw]
* [http://ufraw.sourceforge.net/ UFRaw]
* [[Netpbm]]: cameratopam
* [[XnView]]
* [http://rawtherapee.com/ RawTherapee]
* [http://rawstudio.org/ Rawstudio]
* [https://www.darktable.org/ darktable]
* [http://rawspeed.org/ RawSpeed]
* [http://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/ ExifTool]
* [http://www.exiv2.org/ Exiv2]

== Sample files ==
* [http://www.rawsamples.ch/index.php/en/ Raw Samples: sample files from many digital camera formats]
* https://github.com/drewnoakes/metadata-extractor-images
* http://rawtherapee.com/shared/test_images/

== Links ==
* [[Wikipedia:Raw image format|Wikipedia: Raw image format]]
* [http://lewiscollard.com/cameras/hdr-sucks/ HDR is stupid and it sucks]
* [http://opensource.samsung.com/ Samsung source code (including for their digital cameras)]
* [http://teacherdudebbq.blogspot.co.uk/2012/07/riot-photographers-decalogue.html How to photograph riots]
* [http://imgur.com/gallery/Kl0nI World's first digital camera (1975)]
* [http://www.openraw.org/ OpenRAW] - A mostly-defunct initiative to lobby for the documentation of RAW formats
** [http://www.openraw.org/info/index.html The RAW Problem]
* [http://www.dpconline.org/blog/personal-digital-preservation-richard-wright Personal Digital Preservation: Photographs and Video]

Camera Image File Format

2013-04-05T16:04:46Z

Hub: /* Cameras */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Cameras and Digital Image Sensors
|extensions={{ext|crw}}
|mimetypes={{mimetype|image/x-canon-crw}}
|released=1997
|locfdd={{LoCFDD|fdd000241}}
}}
The '''Camera Image File Format''', sometimes called the '''Canon RAW (CRW) format''', was used by some early [[Canon]] digital cameras. It was replaced by the [[Canon RAW 2|CR2 format]] starting with the EOS 20D in 2004. The .crw extension is [[CHDK raw|sometimes used by CHDK]], but this [http://chdk.wikia.com/wiki/Raw is a different file format].

==Cameras==
The original CRW file format was used on Canon's early x86-based cameras running Datalight ROM-DOS, from 2000 to 2004. All the early Canon digital SLRs used this format, and some compact cameras did too. The following cameras can generate files in the CRW format:

* '''Canon EOS D30''' (2001), the first all-Canon DSLR. Not to be confused with the 30D, which is a completely different camera.
* '''Canon EOS D60''' (2002), not to be confused with the 60D, which is a completely different camera
* '''Canon EOS 10D''' (2003)
* '''Canon EOS 300D''' (2003), a very close relative of the 10D.
* '''Canon PowerShot G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, and G6''' (2000-2004), high-end compact cameras.
* '''Canon PowerShot S30, S40, S50, S60, and S70''' (2001-2004)

==File header==
A Canon CRW file always begins with the following byte sequence: '''49 49 1A 00 00 00 48 45 41 50 43 43 44 52'''. This is explained below:

{| class="wikitable"
!Bytes
!Value
!Description
|-
|49 49
|"II"
|"II" for Intel byte-order, i.e. little endian. All cameras that use the CRW format have little-endian x86 processors, and this value is always "II".
|-
|1A 00 00 00
|0x0000001a
|32-bit integer giving the length of the CRW header. This is always 0x0000001a, i.e. 26 bytes.
|-
|48 45 41 50 43 43 44 52
|"HEAPCCDR"
|Identifies the file as a Canon CRW raw file.
|-
|}

==Software support==

Dave Coffin's [http://www.cybercom.net/~dcoffin/dcraw/ dcraw] utility, on which many other raw decoders are based, can decode all Canon CRW files.

Adobe's Camera Raw plugin [http://helpx.adobe.com/creative-suite/kb/camera-raw-plug-supported-cameras.html supports CRW files]. They should open fine in Lightroom, Aperture, and other commercial tools.

All the well-known open source tools, like [http://www.darktable.org/ Darktable] and [http://www.rawtherapee.com/ RawTherapee], can open and convert CRW files.

Phil Harvey's [http://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/ ExifTool] can read EXIF data from CRW files.

Canon distributes [http://software.canon-europe.com/software/0004351.asp?model= Canon Utilities RAW Image Converter] free for Windows.

==Resources==

* [http://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/canon_raw.html The Canon RAW (CRW) File Format]
* [http://wildtramper.com/sw/crw/crw.html Canon's CRW Raw File Format Specification]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_Image_File_Format Wikipedia article on CIFF]

Cameras and Digital Image Sensors

2013-02-12T02:31:32Z

Hub: never heard of rwl for Leica

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|thiscat=Cameras and Digital Image Sensors
}}

Raw image formats (unprocessed data from digital image sensors, usually digital cameras)

* [[Arriflex D-20]]: .ari
* [[Camera Image File Format]] (CIFF) as used by Canon: .crw
* [[Canon RAW 2]]: .cr2
* [[Casio digital cameras]]: .bay
* [[CHDK raw]] : (Older-style CHDK RAW files)
* [[DNG]] (Digital Negative): .dng (Adobe)
* [[Epson]]: .erf
* [[Fujifilm]]: .raf
* [[Hasselblad]]: .3fr
* [[Imacon]]: .fff
* [[Kodak]]: .dcs, .dcr, .drf, .k25, .kdc
* [[Leaf]]: .mos
* [[Leica]]: .raw, .rw2, .dng
* [[Logitech]]: .pxn
* [[mef]] (Mamiya)
* [[Minolta]]: .mrw
* [[Nikon]]: .nef, .nrw, .ndf
* [[Olympus Raw format]]: .orf
* [[Panasonic digital cameras]]: .raw, .rw2
* [[Pentax]]: .pef, .ptx
* [[Phase One]]: .cap, .iiq, .eip
* [[Rawzor]]: .rwz
* [[RED digital pictures]]: .r3d
* [[Samsung digital cameras]]: .srw
* [[Sigma X3F]]: .x3f
* [[Sony digital cameras]]: .arw, .srf, .sr2
* [[TIFF/EP]] (ISO 12234-2)

See also [[Graphics]]

Leica

2013-02-12T02:31:05Z

Hub:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Cameras and Digital Image Sensors
|extensions={{ext|dng}},{{ext|raw}},{{ext|rw2}}
}}

Leica does not use their own proprietary file format. It is either [[DNG]], or [[Panasonic]] RAW or RW2, the later, a direct result of Panasonic being the OEM for several models of Leica digital cameras.

Leica

2013-02-12T02:30:32Z

Hub: Leica stubs

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Cameras and Digital Image Sensors
|extensions={{ext|dng}},{{ext|raw}},{{ext|rw2}}
}}

Leica does not use their own proprietary file format. It is either [DNG], or [Panasonic] RAW or RW2, the later, a direct result of Panasonic being the OEM for several models of Leica digital cameras.

Cameras and Digital Image Sensors

2013-02-12T02:26:51Z

Hub:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|thiscat=Cameras and Digital Image Sensors
}}

Raw image formats (unprocessed data from digital image sensors, usually digital cameras)

* [[Arriflex D-20]]: .ari
* [[Camera Image File Format]] (CIFF) as used by Canon: .crw
* [[Canon RAW 2]]: .cr2
* [[Casio digital cameras]]: .bay
* [[CHDK raw]] : (Older-style CHDK RAW files)
* [[DNG]] (Digital Negative): .dng (Adobe)
* [[Epson]]: .erf
* [[Fujifilm]]: .raf
* [[Hasselblad]]: .3fr
* [[Imacon]]: .fff
* [[Kodak]]: .dcs, .dcr, .drf, .k25, .kdc
* [[Leaf]]: .mos
* [[Leica]]: .raw, .rwl, .dng
* [[Logitech]]: .pxn
* [[mef]] (Mamiya)
* [[Minolta]]: .mrw
* [[Nikon]]: .nef, .nrw, .ndf
* [[Olympus Raw format]]: .orf
* [[Panasonic digital cameras]]: .raw, .rw2
* [[Pentax]]: .pef, .ptx
* [[Phase One]]: .cap, .iiq, .eip
* [[Rawzor]]: .rwz
* [[RED digital pictures]]: .r3d
* [[Samsung digital cameras]]: .srw
* [[Sigma X3F]]: .x3f
* [[Sony digital cameras]]: .arw, .srf, .sr2
* [[TIFF/EP]] (ISO 12234-2)

See also [[Graphics]]

Epson digital cameras

2013-02-12T02:26:33Z

Hub: Hub moved page Epson digital cameras to Epson: consistency

#REDIRECT [[Epson]]

Epson ERF

2013-02-12T02:26:33Z

Hub: Hub moved page Epson digital cameras to Epson: consistency

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Cameras and Digital Image Sensors
|extensions={{ext|erf}}
}}

ERF files are generated by the Epson R-D1 and R-D1s digital rangefinder cameras.

== Organization ==

Epson ERF files are [[TIFF/EP]] files. CFA data is in the primary subIFD from IFD0. Thumbnail is 8RGB in IFD0. Exif is attached to the ExifIFD of IFD0.

== Compression ==

The CFA image date is "compressed", bit packed. The Compression value in the CFA subIFD is set to 32769.

Minolta MRW

2013-02-12T02:24:28Z

Hub: linkage

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Cameras and Digital Image Sensors
|extensions={{ext|mrw}}
}}
'''M'''inolta '''R'''A'''W''' format used by Minolta (later Konica-Minolta) cameras. After the [[Sony]] purchase, Sony branded SLR use a different format: ARW

== See also ==

* [http://www.dalibor.cz/minolta/raw_file_format.htm Dalibor Jelinek's documentation]
* [http://www.focalplane.net/imagecooker/ ImageCooker ]
* [http://www.chauveau-central.net/mrw-format/mrw-format.txt Stephane Chauveau documentation]
* [http://crousseau.free.fr/imgfmt_raw.htm Cedric Rousseau documentation] from one of the developers of DxO

Minolta MRW

2013-02-12T02:23:36Z

Hub: Initial page

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Cameras and Digital Image Sensors
|extensions={{ext|mrw}}
}}
'''M'''inolta '''R'''A'''W''' format used by Minolta (later Konica-Minolta) cameras. After the [[Sony]] purchase, Sony branded SLR use a different format: ARW

== See also ==

* [[http://www.dalibor.cz/minolta/raw_file_format.htm|Dalibor Jelinek's documentation]]
* [[http://www.focalplane.net/imagecooker/|ImageCooker]]
* [[http://www.chauveau-central.net/mrw-format/mrw-format.txt|Stephane Chauveau documentation]]
* [[http://crousseau.free.fr/imgfmt_raw.htm|Cedric Rousseau documentation]] from one of the developers of DxO

Fujifilm RAF

2013-02-12T02:18:58Z

Hub: Dump from http://libopenraw.freedesktop.org/wiki/Fuji_RAF - I am the original author.

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Cameras and Digital Image Sensors
|extensions={{ext|raf}}
}}

'''RAF''' is the RAW file format used by Fujifilm cameras

== Organisation ==

Byte order is Motorola (Big Endian)

* 16 bytes string to identify the file (magic)
** <code>FUJIFILMCCD-RAW </code>
* 4 bytes
** <code>0201</code>
* 8 bytes
** <code>FF389501</code>
* 32 bytes for the camera string, \0 terminated
* offset directory
** Version (4 bytes) for the directory
*** <code>0100</code>
*** <code>0159</code>
** 20 bytes "unknown"
** Jpeg image offset (4 bytes)
** Jpeg Image length (4 bytes)
** CFA Header Offset (4 bytes)
** CFA Header Length (4 bytes)
** CFA Offset (4 bytes)
** CFA Length (4 bytes)
** rest unused
* Jpeg image offset
** Exif JFIF with thumbnail + preview
* CFA Header offset - Big Endian
** 4 bytes: count of records
** Records, one after the other
*** 2 bytes: tag ID
*** 2 bytes: size of record (N)
*** N bytes: data
* CFA Offset
** Uncompressed RAW

== See Also ==

Cameras and Digital Image Sensors

2013-02-12T02:10:44Z

Hub:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|thiscat=Cameras and Digital Image Sensors
}}

Raw image formats (unprocessed data from digital image sensors, usually digital cameras)

* [[Arriflex D-20]]: .ari
* [[Camera Image File Format]] (CIFF) as used by Canon: .crw
* [[Canon RAW 2]]: .cr2
* [[Casio digital cameras]]: .bay
* [[CHDK raw]] : (Older-style CHDK RAW files)
* [[DNG]] (Digital Negative): .dng (Adobe)
* [[Epson digital cameras]]: .erf
* [[Fujifilm]]: .raf
* [[Hasselblad]]: .3fr
* [[Imacon]]: .fff
* [[Kodak]]: .dcs, .dcr, .drf, .k25, .kdc
* [[Leaf]]: .mos
* [[Leica]]: .raw, .rwl, .dng
* [[Logitech]]: .pxn
* [[mef]] (Mamiya)
* [[Minolta]]: .mrw
* [[Nikon]]: .nef, .nrw, .ndf
* [[Olympus Raw format]]: .orf
* [[Panasonic digital cameras]]: .raw, .rw2
* [[Pentax]]: .pef, .ptx
* [[Phase One]]: .cap, .iiq, .eip
* [[Rawzor]]: .rwz
* [[RED digital pictures]]: .r3d
* [[Samsung digital cameras]]: .srw
* [[Sigma X3F]]: .x3f
* [[Sony digital cameras]]: .arw, .srf, .sr2
* [[TIFF/EP]] (ISO 12234-2)

See also [[Graphics]]

Epson ERF

2013-01-22T04:56:43Z

Hub: Dump from http://libopenraw.freedesktop.org/wiki/Epson_ERF - I am the orignal author

CHDK raw

2013-01-21T22:33:31Z

Hub:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Cameras and Digital Image Sensors
|extensions={{ext|crw}}
}}

If you are running [http://chdk.wikia.com/wiki/CHDK CHDK] on your compatible point & shoot camera, you can get it to shoot in RAW format.
It's important to know that the word "format" is used loosely here- every camera has its own format, which is dumping the sensor input into a file.
See: [http://chdk.wikia.com/wiki/Raw CHDK RAW]

The CHDK wiki points to this thread as the reference on working with RAW files from CHDK-enabled cameras: [http://chdk.setepontos.com/index.php?topic=1532.0 CHDK Forum RAW for Beginners]

Also it should be noted that CHDK seems to generate files with the CRW extension, albeit they have nothing to do with [[Camera Image File Format|CIFF]] files.

CHDK raw

2013-01-21T22:32:56Z

Hub: added extension

Nikon

2013-01-21T22:31:42Z

Hub: added extension

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Cameras and Digital Image Sensors
|extensions={{ext|nef}},{{ext|nrw}}
}}

Formats used by '''Nikon''' cameras include:

== NEF ==
'''N'''ikon '''E'''lectronic '''F'''ormat. Nikon 12/14-Bit-RAW digital image format for DSLR cameras.
* [http://www.nikonimglib.com/nefcodec/index.html.en Download NEF codec (Windows only)]
* [http://www.cybercom.net/~dcoffin/dcraw/scan.c C-source of NEF reader from Dave Coffin's homepage]
=== Coolpix variant ===
* [http://e2500.narod.ru/raw_format_e.htm http://e2500.narod.ru/raw_format_e.htm] Some Nikon Coolpix cameras can be convinced to shoot in RAW.
* [http://e2500.narod.ru/raw2nef_e.htm Processing the RAW data] Convert the RAW data to Coolpix 5700 NEF format.

=== Coolscan variant ===

Nikon Coolscan software generate .nef files that are different from cameras.

== NRW ==
'''N'''ikon '''R'''A'''W'''. 12-Bit-RGB-CCD-RAW digital image format for Coolpix cameras.
* [http://www.nikonimglib.com/nrwcodec/index.html.en Download NRW codec (Windows only)]
The NRW format is virtually identical to the NEF format, with a different compression and curves. There is no real reason to have changed the extension except, maybe, to discriminate entry level camera supported by the codec for Windows.

== NDF ==
'''N'''ikon '''D'''ust '''F'''ile.
* [http://www.cybercom.net/~dcoffin/dcraw/read_ndf.c C-source of NDF reader from Dave Coffin's homepage]

Canon RAW 2

2013-01-21T22:30:13Z

Hub: added extension

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Cameras and Digital Image Sensors
|extensions={{ext|cr2}}
}}

Formats used by '''Canon''' cameras include:

== CRW ==

CRW, aka [[Camera Image File Format]] is an attempt by Canon to standardise camera files.

== CR2 ==

Canon RAW 2 (CR2) came to replace CRW, starting the 20D, 350D/Digital Rebel Xt and 1D.

=== Organization ===
Canon CR2 files are TIFF files. All is organised in a TIFF / IFD file.

On of the differenciation with the CR2 files is that they have a header before the IFD0. This does not violate the TIFF spec.

{|
! '''offset''' !! '''length''' !! '''description'''
|-
| 0 || 8 || TIFF header
|-
| 8 || 2 || litteral 'CR'
|-
| 10 || 1 || major version (2)
|-
| 11 || 1 || minor version (0)
|-
| 12 || 4 || (long) for the offset of the IFD3 that contain the RAW data. (in the TIFF byte order)
|}

Exif is attached to the ExifIFD of IFD0. The CFA data is in IFD3.

=== Compression ===

Canon CR2 files use the old original [[Lossless JPEG]] standard for the RAW data. The same used by [[DNG|Adobe DNG]].

Source: http://www.adobeforums.com/cgi-bin/webx/.3bc36454/0 (link dead)

The width dimension specified in the JPEG stream is actually half the reality because it takes into account 2 channels per sample (the dimension of the CFA pattern).

350D, 5D and 30D files have a different layout. IFD3 (where the CFA is located) has the tag 0xc640 that contains 3 SHORT. 1, x, y. x is the number of column of the first "slice" of the image, y is for the second "slice".''' I don't know what the 1 mean.'''

The slicing means that the output scanlines have to be reorganised as they are shorter to have a top -> bottom then left -> right, a bit like columns of text. (TODO: do a nice diagram)

=== Modified files ===
Apparently Canon's proprietary software modifies the RAW file. Other proprietary software seems to choke on said modified files (http://www.prophotohome.com/forum/raw-photo-processing-software-technique/62864-cr2-raws-converted-dpp-wont-open-aperture.html).

ExifTool has some info:
* http://www.cpanforum.com/threads/1055
* http://www.cpanforum.com/threads/5170

=== References ===
* http://lclevy.free.fr/cr2/
* http://web.archive.org/web/20061125031802/http://crousseau.free.fr/imgfmt_raw.htm (in French, by one of the developers of DxO) - Using the wayback machine !

Canon RAW 2

2013-01-20T03:58:27Z

Hub: Dumped info from http://libopenraw.freedesktop.org/wiki/Canon_CR2 - I am the author.

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Cameras and Digital Image Sensors
}}

Formats used by '''Canon''' cameras include:

== CRW ==

CRW, aka [[Camera Image File Format]] is an attempt by Canon to standardise camera files.

== CR2 ==

Canon RAW 2 (CR2) came to replace CRW, starting the 20D, 350D/Digital Rebel Xt and 1D.

=== Organization ===
Canon CR2 files are TIFF files. All is organised in a TIFF / IFD file.

On of the differenciation with the CR2 files is that they have a header before the IFD0. This does not violate the TIFF spec.

{|
! '''offset''' !! '''length''' !! '''description'''
|-
| 0 || 8 || TIFF header
|-
| 8 || 2 || litteral 'CR'
|-
| 10 || 1 || major version (2)
|-
| 11 || 1 || minor version (0)
|-
| 12 || 4 || (long) for the offset of the IFD3 that contain the RAW data. (in the TIFF byte order)
|}

Exif is attached to the ExifIFD of IFD0. The CFA data is in IFD3.

=== Compression ===

Canon CR2 files use the old original [[Lossless JPEG]] standard for the RAW data. The same used by [[DNG|Adobe DNG]].

Source: http://www.adobeforums.com/cgi-bin/webx/.3bc36454/0 (link dead)

The width dimension specified in the JPEG stream is actually half the reality because it takes into account 2 channels per sample (the dimension of the CFA pattern).

350D, 5D and 30D files have a different layout. IFD3 (where the CFA is located) has the tag 0xc640 that contains 3 SHORT. 1, x, y. x is the number of column of the first "slice" of the image, y is for the second "slice".''' I don't know what the 1 mean.'''

The slicing means that the output scanlines have to be reorganised as they are shorter to have a top -> bottom then left -> right, a bit like columns of text. (TODO: do a nice diagram)

=== Modified files ===
Apparently Canon's proprietary software modifies the RAW file. Other proprietary software seems to choke on said modified files (http://www.prophotohome.com/forum/raw-photo-processing-software-technique/62864-cr2-raws-converted-dpp-wont-open-aperture.html).

ExifTool has some info:
* http://www.cpanforum.com/threads/1055
* http://www.cpanforum.com/threads/5170

=== References ===
* http://lclevy.free.fr/cr2/
* http://web.archive.org/web/20061125031802/http://crousseau.free.fr/imgfmt_raw.htm (in French, by one of the developers of DxO) - Using the wayback machine !

Canon RAW 2

2013-01-20T03:41:01Z

Hub: First version of the page.

Nikon

2013-01-20T03:36:34Z

Hub: /* Coolpix variant */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Cameras and Digital Image Sensors
}}

Formats used by '''Nikon''' cameras include:

== NEF ==
'''N'''ikon '''E'''lectronic '''F'''ormat. Nikon 12/14-Bit-RAW digital image format for DSLR cameras.
* [http://www.nikonimglib.com/nefcodec/index.html.en Download NEF codec (Windows only)]
* [http://www.cybercom.net/~dcoffin/dcraw/scan.c C-source of NEF reader from Dave Coffin's homepage]
=== Coolpix variant ===
* [http://e2500.narod.ru/raw_format_e.htm http://e2500.narod.ru/raw_format_e.htm] Some Nikon Coolpix cameras can be convinced to shoot in RAW.
* [http://e2500.narod.ru/raw2nef_e.htm Processing the RAW data] Convert the RAW data to Coolpix 5700 NEF format.

=== Coolscan variant ===

Nikon Coolscan software generate .nef files that are different from cameras.

== NRW ==
'''N'''ikon '''R'''A'''W'''. 12-Bit-RGB-CCD-RAW digital image format for Coolpix cameras.
* [http://www.nikonimglib.com/nrwcodec/index.html.en Download NRW codec (Windows only)]
The NRW format is virtually identical to the NEF format, with a different compression and curves. There is no real reason to have changed the extension except, maybe, to discriminate entry level camera supported by the codec for Windows.

== NDF ==
'''N'''ikon '''D'''ust '''F'''ile.
* [http://www.cybercom.net/~dcoffin/dcraw/read_ndf.c C-source of NDF reader from Dave Coffin's homepage]

Camera Image File Format

2013-01-17T15:26:12Z

Hub: /* See Also */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Cameras and Digital Image Sensors
}}

Camera Image File Format, aka CIFF is a proposed camera file format that Canon used for early Camera when saving RAW files.

It has the extension .crw (that [[CHDK Raw]] also borrows).

Canon later replaced it with [[Canon RAW 2]] which is totally different.

== See Also ==

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_Image_File_Format Wikipedia article on CIFF]

Camera Image File Format

2013-01-17T15:25:52Z

Hub:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Cameras and Digital Image Sensors
}}

Camera Image File Format, aka CIFF is a proposed camera file format that Canon used for early Camera when saving RAW files.

It has the extension .crw (that [[CHDK Raw]] also borrows).

Canon later replaced it with [[Canon RAW 2]] which is totally different.

== See Also ==

* [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_Image_File_Format Wikipedia article on CIFF]]

Camera Image File Format

2013-01-17T15:23:40Z

Hub: Created page with "{{FormatInfo |formattype=electronic |subcat=Cameras and Digital Image Sensors }} Camera Image File Format, aka CIFF is a proposed camera file format that Canon used for early..."

CHDK raw

2013-01-17T15:21:15Z

Hub:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Cameras and Digital Image Sensors
}}

If you are running [http://chdk.wikia.com/wiki/CHDK CHDK] on your compatible point & shoot camera, you can get it to shoot in RAW format.
It's important to know that the word "format" is used loosely here- every camera has its own format, which is dumping the sensor input into a file.
See: [http://chdk.wikia.com/wiki/Raw CHDK RAW]

The CHDK wiki points to this thread as the reference on working with RAW files from CHDK-enabled cameras: [http://chdk.setepontos.com/index.php?topic=1532.0 CHDK Forum RAW for Beginners]

Also it should be noted that CHDK seems to generate files with the CRW extension, albeit they have nothing to do with [[CIFF|Camera Image File Format]] files.

CHDK raw

2013-01-17T15:20:54Z

Hub:

Cameras and Digital Image Sensors

2013-01-17T15:20:08Z

Hub: Split Canon CR2 and CIFF

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|thiscat=Cameras and Digital Image Sensors
}}

Raw image formats (unprocessed data from digital image sensors, usually digital cameras)

* [[Arriflex D-20]]: .ari
* [[Camera Image File Format]] (CIFF) as used by Canon: .crw
* [[Canon RAW 2]]: .cr2
* [[Casio digital cameras]]: .bay
* [[CHDK raw]] : (Older-style CHDK RAW files)
* [[DNG]] (Digital Negative): .dng (Adobe)
* [[Epson digital cameras]]: .erf
* [[Fujifilm digital format]]: .raf
* [[Hasselblad]]: .3fr
* [[Imacon]]: .fff
* [[Kodak]]: .dcs, .dcr, .drf, .k25, .kdc
* [[Leaf]]: .mos
* [[Leica]]: .raw, .rwl, .dng
* [[Logitech]]: .pxn
* [[mef]] (Mamiya)
* [[Minolta]]: .mrw
* [[Nikon]]: .nef, .nrw, .ndf
* [[Olympus Raw format]]: .orf
* [[Panasonic digital cameras]]: .raw, .rw2
* [[Pentax]]: .pef, .ptx
* [[Phase One]]: .cap, .iiq, .eip
* [[Rawzor]]: .rwz
* [[RED digital pictures]]: .r3d
* [[Samsung digital cameras]]: .srw
* [[Sigma X3F]]: .x3f
* [[Sony digital cameras]]: .arw, .srf, .sr2
* [[TIFF/EP]] (ISO 12234-2)

See also [[Graphics]]

Nikon

2013-01-17T15:11:57Z

Hub: /* NRW */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Cameras and Digital Image Sensors
}}

Formats used by '''Nikon''' cameras include:

== NEF ==
'''N'''ikon '''E'''lectronic '''F'''ormat. Nikon 12/14-Bit-RAW digital image format for DSLR cameras.
* [http://www.nikonimglib.com/nefcodec/index.html.en Download NEF codec (Windows only)]
* [http://www.cybercom.net/~dcoffin/dcraw/scan.c C-source of NEF reader from Dave Coffin's homepage]
=== Coolpix variant ===
* [http://e2500.narod.ru/raw_format_e.htm http://e2500.narod.ru/raw_format_e.htm] Some Nikon Coolpix cameras can be convinced to shoot in RAW.
* [http://e2500.narod.ru/raw2nef_e.htm Processing the RAW data] Convert the RAW data to Coolpix 5700 NEF format.

== NRW ==
'''N'''ikon '''R'''A'''W'''. 12-Bit-RGB-CCD-RAW digital image format for Coolpix cameras.
* [http://www.nikonimglib.com/nrwcodec/index.html.en Download NRW codec (Windows only)]
The NRW format is virtually identical to the NEF format, with a different compression and curves. There is no real reason to have changed the extension except, maybe, to discriminate entry level camera supported by the codec for Windows.

== NDF ==
'''N'''ikon '''D'''ust '''F'''ile.
* [http://www.cybercom.net/~dcoffin/dcraw/read_ndf.c C-source of NDF reader from Dave Coffin's homepage]

Cameras and Digital Image Sensors

2013-01-17T15:09:34Z

Hub: details in the file format names

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|thiscat=Cameras and Digital Image Sensors
}}

Raw image formats (unprocessed data from digital image sensors, usually digital cameras)

* [[Arriflex D-20]]: .ari
* [[Canon RAW Image File Format]]: .crw .cr2 (Canon)
* [[Casio digital cameras]]: .bay
* [[CHDK raw]] : (Older-style CHDK RAW files)
* [[DNG]] (Digital Negative): .dng (Adobe)
* [[Epson digital cameras]]: .erf
* [[Fujifilm digital format]]: .raf
* [[Hasselblad]]: .3fr
* [[Imacon]]: .fff
* [[Kodak]]: .dcs, .dcr, .drf, .k25, .kdc
* [[Leaf]]: .mos
* [[Leica]]: .raw, .rwl, .dng
* [[Logitech]]: .pxn
* [[mef]] (Mamiya)
* [[Minolta]]: .mrw
* [[Nikon]]: .nef, .nrw, .ndf
* [[Olympus Raw format]]: .orf
* [[Panasonic digital cameras]]: .raw, .rw2
* [[Pentax]]: .pef, .ptx
* [[Phase One]]: .cap, .iiq, .eip
* [[Rawzor]]: .rwz
* [[RED digital pictures]]: .r3d
* [[Samsung digital cameras]]: .srw
* [[Sigma X3F]]: .x3f
* [[Sony digital cameras]]: .arw, .srf, .sr2
* [[TIFF/EP]] (ISO 12234-2)

See also [[Graphics]]