Just Solve the File Format Problem - User contributions [en]

Game data files

2019-12-06T15:38:10Z

Darkstar: update link, but the Wiki is in read-only mode for quite a while now

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|thiscat=Game data files
|image=Arcade-gaming-1361761483gDu.jpg
}}

==Overview==
Many popular games use proprietary file formats to store their assets. These include custom image, sound and video formats and custom archive formats. There is no way that all of these can be enumerated here in some way or another. And as long as the games can still be run by an [[Emulation_Software|Emulator]] it's not that much of a deal. However, a lot of work has been put into deciphering, decrypting and hacking these files, and that work should be preserved.

See also: [[Interactive Fiction]] for data formats related to text adventure games, [[Puzzles]] for puzzle-game files, and [[Saved Games]] for data saved by games to store a player's game status.

==References==
* [http://wiki.xentax.com Xentax Wiki]
* [http://rewiki.awiki.org ReWiki]
* [http://aluigi.altervista.org/quickbms.htm QuickBMS], a tool suite to describe archives in an abstract BASIC-like language, and lots of scripts for even more games

==General Game Formats==

This section details formats such as [[Interplay ACM]] and [[Unreal Music Format]] which are used in a number of games.

=== Archiving / Compression ===
* [[CFL]]

===Audio / Music===

* beatmania / IIDX simulation
** [[BMS]]
* Commodore Amiga
** [[AC1D-DC1A Packer]]
** [[AMOS Music Bank]]
** [[Channel Players]]
** [[Digital Illusions]]
** [[Game Music Creator]]
** [[Jason Page]]
* Electronic Arts
** [[Electronic Arts MUS]]
* [[Epic Megagames MASI]]
* id Software
** [[Doom MUS]]
** [[id Software Music Format]]
* [[Interplay ACM]]
* [[Inverse Frequency Sound format]]
* [[Ken's Adlib Music]]
* [[Sierra AGI]]
* [[Sierra SCI]]
* [[Westwood Studios ADL]]
* [[Westwood Studios AUD]]
* [[Xbox IMA ADPCM]]
* Nintendo GameCube / Wii
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii AST]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii BRSTM]]

=== Game programming languages ===

* [[Blitz3D]]
** [[Blitz3D Model]]

(see also [[Programming Languages]])

=== Other ===

* Allegro (game programming library)
** [[Allegro packfile]]

* Blizzard Entertainment
** [[BLP]]
** [[MoPaQ]]

* Electronic Arts
** [[Electronic Arts INF]]
** [[Electronic Arts MOV]]

* id Software
** [[BSP]] (map format used in Quake)
** [[Doom WAD]]
** [[Quake PAK]]
** [[Quake PK3]] (actually [[ZIP]])

* Infinity Engine
** [[BAM]]

* NetImmerse / Gamebryo Engine
** [[KF]]
** [[NIF]]

* Nintendo GameCube
** [[Nintendo GameCube Opening.bnr]]

* Nintendo GameCube / Wii
** [[DOL (Nintendo)]]
** [[RARC]]
** [[Yaz0]]

* Nintendo Wii
** [[BootMii NAND Dump]]
** [[Mii Data]]
** [[Nintendo Wii BRLAN]]
** [[Nintendo Wii BRLYT]]
** [[Nintendo Wii BRRES]]
** [[Nintendo Wii Content.bin]]
** [[Nintendo Wii Data.bin]]
** [[Nintendo Wii Opening.bnr]]
** [[Nintendo Wii PAC]]
** [[Nintendo Wii PCS]]
** [[Nintendo Wii REL]]
** [[Nintendo Wii Savegame]]
** [[Nintendo Wii SEL]]
** [[Nintendo Wii Ticket]]
** [[Nintendo Wii TPL]]
** [[Nintendo Wii U8]]
** [[Nintendo Wii Update.inf]]
** [[Nintendo Wii VFF]]
** [[Title metadata]]
** [[Virtual Console CCF]]
** [[WAD]]
** [[WiiConnect24 file]]

* [[Outerra engine]] (.otx) (used in Anteworld game)

* Raven Software game engine
** [[GLA]] - Ghoul animation (.gla)
** [[GLM]] - Ghoul mesh (.glm)

* [[STOS memory bank]] (.mbk)

* Torque 3D game engine
** [[DTS]] (.dts)

* Valve Source Engine
** [[Valve Model Format]] (.mdl)
** [[Valve Collision Model]] (.phy)
** [[Valve Map Format]] (.vmf)
** [[Valve Material Type]] (.vmt)
** [[Valve Vertex Data]] (.vvd)
** [[Valve Texture Format]] (.vtf)

* Xtremeworlds
** [[Xtremeworlds PWX]]
** [[Xtremeworlds map]]

* [[ZZT]]

==Individual Game Formats==

This section details formats which are specific to a single game (or perhaps a game series), such as [[God of Thunder Music Format]].
* 7 Days to Die
** [[TTS Prefab]] (.tts)
** [[7DTD Map File]] (.map)
* Age of Empires
** [[Data Resource File]] (.drs)
** [[Age of Empires Graphics File]] (.slp)
* Age of Mythology
** [[BAR (Age of Mythology)]] (.bar archive)
* Alter Ego (1986)
** [[Alter Ego Vignette Script format]]
* Arma
** [[Arma PBO]] (.pbo)
* Barony
** [[Barony Voxel]] (.vox)
* BVE, OpenBVE, Boso View Express (railroad simulator)
** [[BVE object formats]]
** [[BVE route formats]]
** [[BVE train.dat file]]
* Cartooners
** [[Cartooners actor file]] (.act)
** [[Electronic Arts INF‎]] (.inf)
** [[Electronic Arts MOV]] (.mov)
** [[Electronic Arts MUS]] (.mus)
* Cities Skylines
** [[Cities Skylines CRP]] (.crp)
* Commander Keen 1
** [[Commander Keen 1 Level format]] (.ck1)
* Core Wars
** [[RBJ (Redcode oBJect)]] (.rbj)
* Crystal Caves
** [[Crystal Caves Sound format]] (.snd)
* Dance With Intensity
** [[Dance With Intensity simfile]] (.dwi)
* Dangerous Dave
** [[Dangerous Dave level format]]
** [[Dangerous Dave tileset format]]
** (also uses [[Inverse Frequency Sound format]])
* Dofus
** [[Dofus localization]]
* Donkey Konga 2
** [[Donkey Konga 2 DSP]]
* Doom
** [[Doom cheat code encryption]]
** [[Doom MUS]] (.mus)
** [[Doom WAD]] (.wad)
* DTX Mania
** [[DTX Mania simfile]]
* Duke Nukem
** [[Duke Nukem level format]]
** [[Duke Nukem graphics format]]
* Fallout
** [[Fallout character description]] (.gcd)
* Garry's Mod
** [[Garry's Mod Addon]] (.gma)
* God of Thunder
** [[DAT (God of Thunder)]]
** [[God of Thunder Music Format]]
* Grand Theft Auto
** [[RAGE Package Format]] (.rpf)
** [[RenderWare binary stream file]] (.dff)
* In the Groove
** [[In the Groove PCK]] (.pck)
* Kick It Up
** [[Kick It Up simfile]] (.ksf)
* Lego Island
** [[Lego Island World Database]] (.wdb)
* Magic & Mayhem
** [[Magic & Mayhem sprites file]]
* Mario Kart Wii
** [[Wii BRFNT]]
** [[Wii BTI]]
* Mario Paint
** [[Mario Paint Composer]]
** [[SHI]]
** [[SHO]]
* Minecraft
** [[Minecraft Alpha level format]]
** [[Minecraft Anvil format]]
** [[Minecraft Bedrock Edition level format]]
** [[Minecraft chunk format]]
** [[Minecraft classic level format]]
** [[Minecraft classic server protocol]]
** [[Minecraft generated structures format]]
** [[Minecraft Indev level format]]
** [[Minecraft Java Edition level format]]
** [[Minecraft loot table]]
** [[Minecraft map item format]]
** [[Minecraft model]]
** [[Minecraft NBT format]]
** [[Minecraft player format]]
** [[Minecraft raids.dat format]]
** [[Minecraft Region format]]
** [[Minecraft server_level.dat]]
** [[Minecraft server list format]]
** [[Minecraft structure block file format]]
** [[Minecraft scoreboard format]]
** [[Minecraft sounds.json]]
** [[Minecraft villages.dat format]]
** [[Schematic file format]]
* Pokémon
** [[Pokémon Mystery Dungeon]]
** [[Pokémon ROM]]
* RobotWar
** [[RobotWar|RobotWar programming language]]
* StarCraft
** [[StarCraft group file]] (.grp)
* StepMania
** [[StepMania simfile]] (.sm)
** [[StepMania 5 simfile]] (.ssc)
** [[StepMania AMX simfile]] (.sma)
* Stronghold
**[[Stronghold GM1]] (.gm1)
**[[TGX Graphics]] (.tgx)
* Supaplex
** [[Supaplex Level format]] (.dat)
* Super Mario Galaxy
** [[Super Mario Galaxy savefile]]
* Super Paper Mario
** [[BRSTMPSM]] (music data)
* Total War
** [[Total War ESF]] (.esf)
* Vinyl Goddess From Mars
** [[Vinyl Goddess From Mars Instrument Format]]
** [[Vinyl Goddess From Mars Music Format]]
* Warcraft
** [[Warcraft II PUD]] (.pud) (custom maps)
* Wiggle Planet
** [[Wiglet]]
* Wii Fit / Wii Fit Plus
** [[Wii Fit BMG]]

== Game hints ==
* [[UHS]]

== External links ==

* [http://www.osti.gov/accomplishments/videogame.html Possibly the first video game, in 1958]
* [https://archive.org/details/Nintendo_Ultra64_Programming_Manual Nintendo Ultra64 Programming Manual]
* [http://ukvac.com/forum/topic335921.html Sega Pengo: bug found in maze generating algorithm]
* [http://www.stavros.io/posts/winning-candy-crush/ How to 'hack' Candy Crush]
* [http://www.glitchthegame.com/public-domain-game-art/ Glitch game files, released into the public domain]
* [https://github.com/jmechner/Prince-of-Persia-Apple-II Prince of Persia source code (Apple II)]
* [http://sourceforge.net/projects/dice/ DICE: emulator of early discrete-circuit video games]
* [http://www.polygon.com/2014/4/22/5640114/maze-invaders-atari-arcade-source-code-strong-museum-icheg Museum acquires 'virtually complete' source code from Atari's arcade heyday]
* [https://archive.org/details/pdp1_spacewar Spacewar! for the PDP-1 (1962)] (with in-browser emulation)
* [http://tcrf.net/Category:Games_with_hidden_developer_messages Games with hidden developer messages]
* [http://www.loc.gov/preservation/resources/rfs/softgame.html Library of Congress Recommended Format Specifications: Software/Gaming]
* [https://github.com/keendreams/keen Keen Dreams Source Code (open-source release)]

NMEA

2019-08-09T11:00:16Z

Darkstar: /* Links */ add links to two ancient and probably outdated versions of the standard

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Geospatial
|released=1983
}}

NMEA 0183 is an ASCII based streaming format supporting both vendor agnostic and vendor-proprietary data type. It was created by the [https://www.nmea.org/ National Marine Electronics Association] for communication of geospatial and marine data between multiple marine avionics devices.

Persistent logging of NMEA messages to files is done in multiple file formats, often with an additional timestamp when the message was received.

== Structure ==

A stream of NMEA data is a series of line-break delimited 7bit safe ASCII "sentences" with comma delimited fields. Each sentences begins with a '$' character followed by five upper-case characters specifying the "data type" of sentence which follows. Each sentence is trailed by a '*' and two characters which comprise a [https://rietman.wordpress.com/2008/09/25/how-to-calculate-the-nmea-checksum/ NMEA 0183 data integrity checksum]. This checksum is calculated simple XOR of all the individual bytes of the sentence excluding the initial character (usually '!' or '$') and the last three characters ('*' and the checksum characters).

Examples:
<pre>
$GPGSV,2,1,08,01,40,083,46,02,17,308,41,12,07,344,39,14,22,228,45*75
!AIVDM,1,1,,B,177KQJ5000G?tO`K>RA1wUbN0TKH,0*5C
</pre>

== Data types ==

There are hundreds of different data types which have been implemented over NMEA 0183. Official NMEA documentation is only available by purchasing copies of the copyrighted NMEA 0183 standard. (pricing starting $1000). As a result there is a proliferation of reverse engineered documentation for common standard data types (AIS, GPS, etc) but these, even in aggregate, are from comprehensive for the more obscure data types.

Each data type begins with one of 80+ [https://www.nmea.org/Assets/20190303%20nmea%200183%20talker%20identifier%20mnemonics.pdf two-letter talker identifier mnemonics]. For example GPS information begin with 'GP' such as the GPGSV (satellites in view) while mobile AIS device messages begin with the 'AI' prefix (e.g. AIVDM 'Received Data from other vessel') with examples above.

== Link layer ==

Each NMEA bus supports one or multiple listeners subscribed to data streams from a single "talker" sending data. NMEA 0183 uses a serial data link layer traditionally done at at 4800bps (RS232 4800 baud 1 start bit, 1 stop bit and No Parity) while NMEA 0183 added NMEA 0183-HS (High Speed) supports 38400baud as well. NMEA 2000 uses Ethernet connected devices instead of Serial.

Modern network/internet implementations providing streaming NMEA data support sending over TCP and/or UDP connections, usually with each sentence sentence sent as a single TCP or UDP packet.

== Links ==
* [http://linux.geodatapub.com/shipwebpages/manuals/apos/nmea%20standards.pdf NMEA 0183 Version 2.20] from 1997
* [http://www.plaisance-pratique.com/IMG/pdf/NMEA0183-2.pdf NMEA 0183 Version 3.01] from 2002
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060312045429/http://vancouver-webpages.com/peter/nmeafaq.txt NMEA FAQ]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060117162246/http://vancouver-webpages.com/pub/peter/nmeatype.txt NMEA Types]
* [https://gpsd.gitlab.io/gpsd/AIVDM.html Eric S Raymonds AIS Documention]
* [http://aprs.gids.nl/nmea/ http://aprs.gids.nl/nmea/]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NMEA_0183 Wikipedia NMEA 0183]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NMEA_2000 Wikipedia NMEA 2000]
* [https://www.gpsinformation.org/dale/nmea.htm Dale DePriest's GPS Data]

[[Category:Geospatial]]

IFF

2017-01-25T18:49:05Z

Darkstar: /* FORM type cross-reference */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Metaformats
|extensions={{ext|iff}}, many others
|locfdd={{LoCFDD|fdd000115}}
|pronom={{PRONOM|x-fmt/157}}
|released=1985
}}
:''This article is about the generic IFF metaformat. For the IFF '''image format''', see [[ILBM]]. For Sun IFF, see [[Sun TAAC image]].''

'''IFF''' ('''Interchange File Format''') is a general-purpose binary file format introduced by Electronic Arts on the Commodore Amiga computer in 1985. It is sometimes known as '''IFF 85'''.

== Format details ==
An IFF file is composed of elements called "chunks". Each chunk consists of a [[FourCC|4-byte type identifier]] (represented by four ASCII characters), a 4-byte length, and the chunk's payload data. Some types of chunks contain a sequence of nested chunks. Multi-byte numeric values are [[Endianness|big-endian]].

IFF defines a number of standard chunks types. Additional types are invented as needed by IFF-based formats.

Of particular significance is chunk type <code>FORM</code>. Most IFF-based files are formatted as a single <code>FORM</code> chunk. A <code>FORM</code> chunk's data contains a four-byte "FORM type" code, indicating the data type, followed by a sequence of nested chunks.

An IFF-based format whose FORM type is ''xxxx'' might be referred to as "FORM ''xxxx''". FORM types may also be used as filename extensions.

== Identification ==
Most IFF files begin with the ASCII characters "<code>FORM</code>". The file type is then indicated by the 4-byte ASCII code beginning at offset 8.

There are also aggregate formats that begin with "<code>LIST</code>" or "<code>CAT </code>".

== FORM type cross-reference ==
Selected FORM types, and related articles, are listed below. See also [[:Category:IFF based file formats]].

{| class="wikitable"
! FORM type
! Refer to
! Remarks
|-
| <code>8SVX</code> || [[8-Bit Sampled Voice]] || 8-bit sampled sound voice; listed in the original IFF spec.
|-
| <code>ACBM</code> || [[ILBM#ACBM]] ||
|-
| <code>AIFC</code> || [[AIFC]] ||
|-
| <code>AIFF</code> || [[AIFF]] ||
|-
| <code>ANBM</code> || || Animated bitmap; listed in the original IFF spec.
|-
| <code>ANIM</code> || [[ANIM]] ||
|-
| <code>DEEP</code> || [[IFF-DEEP]] ||
|-
| <code>FAXX</code> || [[FAXX]] ||
|-
| <code>FNTR</code> || || Raster font; listed in the original IFF spec.
|-
| <code>FNTV</code> || || Vector font; listed in the original IFF spec.
|-
| <code>FTXT</code> || || Formatted text; listed in the original IFF spec.
|-
| <code>GSCR</code> || || General-use musical score; listed in the original IFF spec.
|-
| <code>ICON</code> || [[GlowIcons]] ||
|-
| <code>ILBM</code> || [[ILBM]] || Interleaved raster bitmap image; listed in the original IFF spec.
|-
| <code>LWLO</code>, <code>LWOB</code>, <code>LWO2</code> || [[LightWave Object]]
|-
| <code>MAUD</code> || [[IFF-MAUD]] || Amiga sound format
|-
| <code>PBM</code> || [[ILBM#PBM]] ||
|-
| <code>PDEF</code> || || Deluxe Print page definition; listed in the original IFF spec.
|-
| <code>PICS</code> || || Macintosh picture; listed in the original IFF spec.
|-
| <code>PLBM</code> || || (obsolete); listed in the original IFF spec.
|-
| <code>SCDH</code> || || Sim City 2000 saved city (*.sc2)
|-
| <code>SMUS</code> || || Simple musical score; listed in the original IFF spec. [http://1fish2.github.io/IFF/IFF%20docs%20with%20Commodore%20revisions/SMUS.pdf]
|-
| <code>TDDD</code> || [[TDDD]], [[Imagine Object File]]
|-
| <code>USCR</code> || || Uhuru Sound Software musical score; listed in the original IFF spec.
|-
| <code>UVOX</code> || || Uhuru Sound Software Macintosh voice; listed in the original IFF spec.
|-
| <code>VDEO</code> || || Deluxe Video Construction Set video; listed in the original IFF spec.
|}

== Variant formats ==
Some other formats are largely or heavily influenced by the IFF standard, but are not compatible. These include, for example:
* Erlang [[BEAM]] compiled modules: Uses 4 byte alignment instead of 2 byte, and the root chunk has a different ID (<code>FOR1</code> instead of <code>FORM</code>)
* Microsoft's [[RIFF]] and [[RIFX]] formats are based on IFF (RIFF uses [[Endianness|little-endian]] byte order instead, and the root chunk is called <code>RIFF</code> instead of <code>FORM</code>)
* Apple's [[AIFF]] and [[AIFC]] formats are similar to IFF/RIFF as well
* [[Maya IFF]]

== Specifications ==
* [http://1fish2.github.io/IFF/ The EA IFF-85 Repository]
** [http://1fish2.github.io/IFF/IFF%20docs%20with%20Commodore%20revisions/EA%20IFF%2085.pdf EA IFF 85] - January 14, 1985 (Updated Oct, 1988 Commodore-Amiga, Inc.)
** [http://1fish2.github.io/IFF/IFF%20docs%20with%20Commodore%20revisions/IFF%20Quick%20Intro.pdf A Quick Introduction to IFF]
** [https://github.com/1fish2/IFF/blob/master/IFF%20retrospective.md IFF Retrospective] by Jerry Morrison, 2013
** [https://github.com/1fish2/IFF/blob/master/64-bit%20IFF.md 64-bit IFF] (abandoned)
* [http://wiki.amigaos.net/wiki/EA_IFF_85_Standard_for_Interchange_Format_Files EA IFF 85] (Updated October, 1988 Amiga, Inc.) - From AmigaOS Documentation Wiki
* [http://www.martinreddy.net/gfx/2d/IFF.txt The original EA spec]
** [http://www.textfiles.com/programming/FORMATS/ea.iff Another copy at textfiles.com]
* [http://wiki.amigaos.net/wiki/FTXT_IFF_Formatted_Text FTXT IFF Formatted Text] - From AmigaOS Documentation Wiki ''[Ed. note: This is the supplemental FTXT document mentioned in the IFF spec. TODO: Find a copy of this document that is closer to its original form.]''
** [http://amigadev.elowar.com/read/ADCD_2.1/Devices_Manual_guide/node0167.html Another copy of the above document]
* [http://www.fileformat.info/format/iff/spec/7866a9f0e53c42309af667c5da3bd426/view.htm IFF.TXT] - A concatenation of about a dozen IFF-related documents, from FileFormat.Info

== Links ==
* [http://wiki.amigaos.net/wiki/IFF_FORM_and_Chunk_Registry IFF chunk registry], defining all known chunks
* [http://wiki.amigaos.net/wiki/IFF_Source_Code IFF Source Code]
* [http://rewiki.regengedanken.de/wiki/.IFF REWiki: .IFF]
* {{EGFF|iff|IFF File Format Summary}}, from the [[Encyclopedia of Graphics File Formats]]
* [http://www.textfiles.com/programming/FORMATS/admusfmt.pro 1994 "advanced music formats" discussion that covers some IFF formats]
* [http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/pa-spec16/ IBM developerWorks: The Interchange File Format]
* [http://sandervanderburg.blogspot.com/2012/06/iff-file-format-experiments.html IFF file format experiments]

[[Category:IFF based file formats]]
[[Category:Audio and Music]]
[[Category:Graphics]]
[[Category:Video]]
[[Category:Amiga]]
[[Category:Electronic Arts]]

IFF

2017-01-25T18:45:31Z

Darkstar: /* FORM type cross-reference */ added SCDH

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Metaformats
|extensions={{ext|iff}}, many others
|locfdd={{LoCFDD|fdd000115}}
|pronom={{PRONOM|x-fmt/157}}
|released=1985
}}
:''This article is about the generic IFF metaformat. For the IFF '''image format''', see [[ILBM]]. For Sun IFF, see [[Sun TAAC image]].''

'''IFF''' ('''Interchange File Format''') is a general-purpose binary file format introduced by Electronic Arts on the Commodore Amiga computer in 1985. It is sometimes known as '''IFF 85'''.

== Format details ==
An IFF file is composed of elements called "chunks". Each chunk consists of a [[FourCC|4-byte type identifier]] (represented by four ASCII characters), a 4-byte length, and the chunk's payload data. Some types of chunks contain a sequence of nested chunks. Multi-byte numeric values are [[Endianness|big-endian]].

IFF defines a number of standard chunks types. Additional types are invented as needed by IFF-based formats.

Of particular significance is chunk type <code>FORM</code>. Most IFF-based files are formatted as a single <code>FORM</code> chunk. A <code>FORM</code> chunk's data contains a four-byte "FORM type" code, indicating the data type, followed by a sequence of nested chunks.

An IFF-based format whose FORM type is ''xxxx'' might be referred to as "FORM ''xxxx''". FORM types may also be used as filename extensions.

== Identification ==
Most IFF files begin with the ASCII characters "<code>FORM</code>". The file type is then indicated by the 4-byte ASCII code beginning at offset 8.

There are also aggregate formats that begin with "<code>LIST</code>" or "<code>CAT </code>".

== FORM type cross-reference ==
Selected FORM types, and related articles, are listed below. See also [[:Category:IFF based file formats]].

{| class="wikitable"
! FORM type
! Refer to
! Remarks
|-
| <code>8SVX</code> || [[8-Bit Sampled Voice]] || 8-bit sampled sound voice; listed in the original IFF spec.
|-
| <code>ACBM</code> || [[ILBM#ACBM]] ||
|-
| <code>AIFC</code> || [[AIFC]] ||
|-
| <code>AIFF</code> || [[AIFF]] ||
|-
| <code>ANBM</code> || || Animated bitmap; listed in the original IFF spec.
|-
| <code>ANIM</code> || [[ANIM]] ||
|-
| <code>DEEP</code> || [[IFF-DEEP]] ||
|-
| <code>FAXX</code> || [[FAXX]] ||
|-
| <code>FNTR</code> || || Raster font; listed in the original IFF spec.
|-
| <code>FNTV</code> || || Vector font; listed in the original IFF spec.
|-
| <code>FTXT</code> || || Formatted text; listed in the original IFF spec.
|-
| <code>GSCR</code> || || General-use musical score; listed in the original IFF spec.
|-
| <code>ICON</code> || [[GlowIcons]] ||
|-
| <code>ILBM</code> || [[ILBM]] || Interleaved raster bitmap image; listed in the original IFF spec.
|-
| <code>LWLO</code>, <code>LWOB</code>, <code>LWO2</code> || [[LightWave Object]]
|-
| <code>MAUD</code> || [[IFF-MAUD]] || Amiga sound format
|-
| <code>PBM</code> || [[ILBM#PBM]] ||
|-
| <code>PDEF</code> || || Deluxe Print page definition; listed in the original IFF spec.
|-
| <code>PICS</code> || || Macintosh picture; listed in the original IFF spec.
|-
| <code>PLBM</code> || || (obsolete); listed in the original IFF spec.
|-
| <code>SCDH</code> || || Sim City 2000 saved city
|-
| <code>SMUS</code> || || Simple musical score; listed in the original IFF spec. [http://1fish2.github.io/IFF/IFF%20docs%20with%20Commodore%20revisions/SMUS.pdf]
|-
| <code>TDDD</code> || [[TDDD]], [[Imagine Object File]]
|-
| <code>USCR</code> || || Uhuru Sound Software musical score; listed in the original IFF spec.
|-
| <code>UVOX</code> || || Uhuru Sound Software Macintosh voice; listed in the original IFF spec.
|-
| <code>VDEO</code> || || Deluxe Video Construction Set video; listed in the original IFF spec.
|}

== Variant formats ==
Some other formats are largely or heavily influenced by the IFF standard, but are not compatible. These include, for example:
* Erlang [[BEAM]] compiled modules: Uses 4 byte alignment instead of 2 byte, and the root chunk has a different ID (<code>FOR1</code> instead of <code>FORM</code>)
* Microsoft's [[RIFF]] and [[RIFX]] formats are based on IFF (RIFF uses [[Endianness|little-endian]] byte order instead, and the root chunk is called <code>RIFF</code> instead of <code>FORM</code>)
* Apple's [[AIFF]] and [[AIFC]] formats are similar to IFF/RIFF as well
* [[Maya IFF]]

== Specifications ==
* [http://1fish2.github.io/IFF/ The EA IFF-85 Repository]
** [http://1fish2.github.io/IFF/IFF%20docs%20with%20Commodore%20revisions/EA%20IFF%2085.pdf EA IFF 85] - January 14, 1985 (Updated Oct, 1988 Commodore-Amiga, Inc.)
** [http://1fish2.github.io/IFF/IFF%20docs%20with%20Commodore%20revisions/IFF%20Quick%20Intro.pdf A Quick Introduction to IFF]
** [https://github.com/1fish2/IFF/blob/master/IFF%20retrospective.md IFF Retrospective] by Jerry Morrison, 2013
** [https://github.com/1fish2/IFF/blob/master/64-bit%20IFF.md 64-bit IFF] (abandoned)
* [http://wiki.amigaos.net/wiki/EA_IFF_85_Standard_for_Interchange_Format_Files EA IFF 85] (Updated October, 1988 Amiga, Inc.) - From AmigaOS Documentation Wiki
* [http://www.martinreddy.net/gfx/2d/IFF.txt The original EA spec]
** [http://www.textfiles.com/programming/FORMATS/ea.iff Another copy at textfiles.com]
* [http://wiki.amigaos.net/wiki/FTXT_IFF_Formatted_Text FTXT IFF Formatted Text] - From AmigaOS Documentation Wiki ''[Ed. note: This is the supplemental FTXT document mentioned in the IFF spec. TODO: Find a copy of this document that is closer to its original form.]''
** [http://amigadev.elowar.com/read/ADCD_2.1/Devices_Manual_guide/node0167.html Another copy of the above document]
* [http://www.fileformat.info/format/iff/spec/7866a9f0e53c42309af667c5da3bd426/view.htm IFF.TXT] - A concatenation of about a dozen IFF-related documents, from FileFormat.Info

== Links ==
* [http://wiki.amigaos.net/wiki/IFF_FORM_and_Chunk_Registry IFF chunk registry], defining all known chunks
* [http://wiki.amigaos.net/wiki/IFF_Source_Code IFF Source Code]
* [http://rewiki.regengedanken.de/wiki/.IFF REWiki: .IFF]
* {{EGFF|iff|IFF File Format Summary}}, from the [[Encyclopedia of Graphics File Formats]]
* [http://www.textfiles.com/programming/FORMATS/admusfmt.pro 1994 "advanced music formats" discussion that covers some IFF formats]
* [http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/pa-spec16/ IBM developerWorks: The Interchange File Format]
* [http://sandervanderburg.blogspot.com/2012/06/iff-file-format-experiments.html IFF file format experiments]

[[Category:IFF based file formats]]
[[Category:Audio and Music]]
[[Category:Graphics]]
[[Category:Video]]
[[Category:Amiga]]
[[Category:Electronic Arts]]

Talk:Dynamic-link library (Windows)

2016-09-28T09:47:46Z

Darkstar:

While I agree that making the page "lighter" by removing all that text (which has/had nothing to do with the file format), I strongly object to removing all those links without placing them somewhere else first. They may not have anything to do with the file format itself (that is covered by the EXE article) but some of them privide valuable additional insight into the DLL "sub-format". --[[User:Darkstar|Darkstar]] ([[User talk:Darkstar|talk]]) 19:40, 13 September 2016 (UTC)

:If nobody beats me to it, I'm planning to revert some or all of Felix's changes to this article, the Icon Library article, and ''maybe'' the EXE article. I say that DLL ''is'' a file format (in fact, it can usually be identified by the ''file command''), so the deletion was based on a false premise. More to the point, it was based on the false premise that every article here has to correspond to a file format. But the real goal, as I see it, is to do whatever it takes to be a useful resource to someone trying to decode a file. [[User:Jsummers|Jsummers]] ([[User talk:Jsummers|talk]]) 15:41, 15 September 2016 (UTC)

::I agree with you; there's sometimes some tension between the pedantic purist conception of file formats where they're considered to be the same if their technical details are identical, and different when the technical stuff differs, versus a more pragmatic conception where things are categorized more by how they're actually used; in the latter, DLLs are distinct from EXEs because you can run EXEs directly while DLLs are used as support for other programs (and they have different extensions, which is the first thing commonly looked at to see "what type" a file is), but on the other hand various technically-different file types with a EXE extension are in some sense variants on "the same" file type because they look similar in a directory structure and can be run directly in DOS/Windows, even if the variants have little in common technically. This site should aim to be usable by people who think of the files in either way, with enough technical notes to fully explain the details, but easily findable by people starting with a more naive conception. [[User:Dan Tobias|Dan Tobias]] ([[User talk:Dan Tobias|talk]]) 01:03, 16 September 2016 (UTC)

::@JSummers: Since Felix has not responded in the last ~2 weeks I would say go ahead and revert all his edits (or at least all deletions he did). --[[User:Darkstar|Darkstar]] ([[User talk:Darkstar|talk]]) 09:47, 28 September 2016 (UTC)

User talk:Felix

2016-09-13T19:44:13Z

Darkstar: Created page with "Hello Felix, and welcome to the FileFormat Wiki! I think there are some recent items on various talk pages that are related to some of your recent changes. It would be nice i..."

Hello Felix, and welcome to the FileFormat Wiki!

I think there are some recent items on various talk pages that are related to some of your recent changes. It would be nice if you could take a look and maybe explain your reasoning behind these changes. You can find the main discussion [[Talk:Icon library|here]]. Regards, --[[User:Darkstar|Darkstar]] ([[User talk:Darkstar|talk]]) 19:44, 13 September 2016 (UTC)

Talk:Dynamic-link library (Windows)

2016-09-13T19:40:57Z

Darkstar: Created page with "While I agree that making the page "lighter" by removing all that text (which has/had nothing to do with the file format), I strongly object to removing all those links withou..."

Talk:Icon library

2016-09-13T19:37:49Z

Darkstar:

[Re: 16:34, 12 September 2016‎] I don't agree with this change. It's always a judgment call, but we can't possibly disallow all articles that cover subformat(s) of some other documented format(s). Even being very conservative, we'd have to delete/merge hundreds of articles. Having separate articles is convenient for a lot of reasons. [[User:Jsummers|Jsummers]] ([[User talk:Jsummers|talk]]) 17:19, 12 September 2016 (UTC)

:I agree; some useful information about the particular uses of some of these subformats has been lost in the shuffle. Some of these pages which have been turned into redirects were about things that were, technically speaking, just files of the parent format with a different extension, but in terms of what they are actually used for, and what utilities are useful for dealing with them, there are important distinctions. [[User:Dan Tobias|Dan Tobias]] ([[User talk:Dan Tobias|talk]]) 03:35, 13 September 2016 (UTC)

::In addition, please make extra sure not to remove any links to external sites. People invest serious time and effort into locating and referencing external websites which describe these formats. Removing those links (especially without giving any reason) makes it look like their research/work is not valued (or worse). Also, archive.org crawls all external links and makes sure that they are saved, so removing links may actually make the task of finding that information again much harder in the future. --[[User:Darkstar|Darkstar]] ([[User talk:Darkstar|talk]]) 19:37, 13 September 2016 (UTC)

MS-DOS EXE

2016-09-13T19:31:07Z

Darkstar: /* Links */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Executables
|extensions={{ext|exe}}
|pronom={{PRONOM|x-fmt/409}}
}}
'''MZ''' (also called by its extension '''EXE''' and by other names) is an executable file format used mainly by [[MS-DOS]]; the format is a successor of [[DOS executable (.com)|COM]].

Many other executable formats are extensions of MZ, including [[New Executable]] (used by 16-bit Windows), [[Portable Executable]] (newer Windows versions) and [[Linear Executable]] (OS/2). Files in these formats usually begin with a short MZ program (called a DOS stub) which, when executed by DOS, prints a message like "This program cannot be run in DOS mode" or "This program requires Microsoft Windows" and immediately exits. Some programs contain a more functional DOS stub, e.g. the Windows 9x registry editor.

== Identification ==
An MZ file begins with an ASCII signature of {{magic|'M' 'Z'}} (or, rarely, {{magic|'Z' 'M'}}), followed by a series of 16-bit fields. The field at offset 24 (the relocation table offset) is ''usually'' (but apparently not always) less than 64, and at least 28.

== Links ==
* [[Wikipedia:DOS MZ executable|Wikipedia article]]
* [http://wiki.osdev.org/MZ MZ], from the OSDev Wiki
* http://www.delorie.com/djgpp/doc/exe/
* [http://www.textfiles.com/programming/FORMATS/exefs.pro DOS EXE format]
* [http://www.mitec.cz/exe.html EXE Explorer utility]
* [http://www.ctyme.com/intr/rb-2939.htm Ralf Brown's Interrupt Reference] has an extensive list of (mostly older) MZ-based executable formats

[[Category:Microsoft]]

Master of Orion saved game

2015-04-23T13:49:14Z

Darkstar: add some links (I should have some old Pascal sourcecode lying around for editing this... will take a look sometime)

{{FormatInfo
| name = Master of Orion saved game
| formattype = electronic
| subcat = Saved Games
| subcat2 =
| subcat3 =
| subcat4 =
| subcat5 =
| thiscat =
| extensions = {{ext|gam}}
| mimetypes =
| locfdd =
| fourccs =
| pronom =
| type code =
| uniform type =
| conforms to =
| released =
| image =
| caption =
}}

'''Master of Orion''' is a DOS game and it saves its games in files titled GAME#.GAM with # representing the saved game's position in the box of saved games. Number 0 is reserved for autosave.

These are binary files of exactly 59036 bytes in length.

Format (not a complete description):
* In the start of the file there are blocks of 270 bytes representing each star system
* Other information appears to start at offset 4DA0
* You can find player names starting with offset E1BA with block length of 15 bytes
** Each name is written as a simple ASCII and is padded with 0 bytes

==Links==
*[http://jonsullivan.com/misc/moo.php Master of Orion Savegame Editor] and some other files/tools (no source though)
*[http://forums.civfanatics.com/showthread.php?t=275055 More details] on the savegame format

User talk:Darkstar

2015-04-17T08:21:27Z

Darkstar: /* Hey there. */

== Hey there. ==

http://justsolve.archiveteam.org/index.php/Talk:FAT32 now has a discussion on the section. Check it out. --[[User:Jason Scott|Jason Scott]] ([[User talk:Jason Scott|talk]]) 04:22, 6 November 2012 (UTC)

Thanks for fixing up [[GME]]; I'm not sure where I got the info that it somehow had something to do with Monkey Island; when somebody created that page (with just one link, no explanatory text, no links or categories or anything) I followed the link and tried to figure out what the heck the thing was, and found a lot of stuff in German (which I don't speak) and somehow wound up at some video that showed a Monkey Island game, so that's where I picked up the apparent connection. Looking at it now I can't even find which link I followed in the first place. Those Github projects can be a bit confusing to me; maybe Github experts know exactly where to go for more information, but people less knowledgeable about it can be lost trying to figure out where the basic description of a project may be, if the name of it doesn't ring any bells. [[User:Dan Tobias|Dan Tobias]] ([[User talk:Dan Tobias|talk]]) 11:26, 16 April 2015 (UTC)
:Don't worry, that's why this is a Wiki, so that other people can fill out more information or fix things :) If you [https://www.google.com/search?q=tiptoi&source=lnms&tbm=isch search for "tiptoi"] you find images on what this thing is. It works with specially prepared books that contain almost-hidden dot patterns that the sensor in the pen picks up and then plays back a soundfile. The GitHub project is reverse-engineering the format for the dots and for the files that are downloaded to the pen. As such it's not really a ''Game File Format'' (even though the TipToi itself is kinda like a kid's "game" if you will). So maybe it needs reclassification at some point (into what? I can't even think of a category for these kinds of file formats...) --[[User:Darkstar|Darkstar]] ([[User talk:Darkstar|talk]]) 08:21, 17 April 2015 (UTC)

GME

2015-04-16T09:29:00Z

Darkstar: This has nothing to do with Monkey Island!? Maybe MonkeyIsland also has GME files but these should be treated differently. I don't even know if the catecory "Game data files" is correct here...

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Game data files
|extensions={{ext|gme}}
}}
'''GME''' is a data format used in the 'Tip-Toi' talking pencil toy by Ravensburger. It contains audio and script logic to be uploaded to the pencil.

* [https://github.com/entropia/tip-toi-reveng/blob/master/GME-Format.md Reverse engineering effort] for the file format, to create your own TipToi--compatible scripts/game files

WAFL

2015-03-26T09:55:57Z

Darkstar: /* Patents */ add Google patent search URL

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Filesystem
|released=1994
}}

The [[WAFL]] filesystem (''WAFL'' stands for ''Write-Anywhere File Layout'') was developed by NetApp (then known as Network Appliance) in 1994 and is used exclusively in their FAS series filers since then. The filers run a custom operating system based on BSD called ''Data Ontap''. Only recently they started to migrate their code to a FreeBSD base system, however all of their proprietary code still runs as kernel-modules and userspace-processes atop FreeBSD.

WAFL is heavily patented and thus no significant reverse-engineering task has been started yet. Technically it is very similar to [[btrfs]]: Log-structured writes, read-only snapshots that can be made writeable, inline and post-process compression, deduplication, replication, Windows-compatible ACLs, virtual resizable volumes (similar to btrfs subvolumes) and more features are all available. It also includes its own RAID system with 1 or 2 disk parity (called ''RAID DP'', where DP stands for ''Diagonal Parity'') and uses various on-disk checksums to protect against silent data loss.

There is also a simulator available from NetApp that can be used to simulate a fully-functioning FAS filer in a virtual machine

== Links ==
*[[Wikipedia:Write_Anywhere_File_Layout|Wikipedia article]]
*[http://mysupport.netapp.com/NOW/cgi-bin/simulator Simulator] download page (NetApp account required, a "guest" type account should be sufficient)
*[http://www.netapp.com/us/media/tr-3001.pdf NetApp Technical Report TR3001] ''A Storage Networking Appliance''
*[http://hack.org/mc/texts/wafl.pdf NetApp Technical Report TR3002] ''File System Design for an NFS File Server Appliance''

== Patents ==
A lot of the inner workings of WAFL can be inferred from reading the patents [https://www.google.com/search?tbo=p&tbm=pts&hl=en&q=inassignee:%22Network+Appliance,+Inc.%22 filed by NetApp/Network Appliance]
*[https://www.google.com/patents/US773027 US7730277] System and method for using PVBN placeholders in a flexible volume of a storage system
*[https://www.google.com/patents/US7243207 US7243207] Technique for translating a pure virtual file system data stream into a hybrid virtual volume
*[https://www.google.com/patents/US7194595 US7194595] Technique for translating a hybrid virtual volume file system into a pure virtual file system data stream
*[https://www.google.com/patents/US5819292 US5819292] Method for maintaining consistent states of a file system and for creating user-accessible read-only copies of a file system
*[https://www.google.com/patents/US20140108468 US20140108468] Methods and apparatus for changing versions of a filesystem
*[https://www.google.com/patents/US20140082281 US20140082281] Extension of write anywhere file system layout
*[https://www.google.com/patents/US20120158670 US20120158670] Fingerprints datastore and stale fingerprint removal in de-duplication environments
*[https://www.google.com/patents/US20020083037 US20020083037] Instant Snapshots

WAFL

2015-03-26T09:48:21Z

Darkstar: initial version

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Filesystem
|released=1994
}}

The [[WAFL]] filesystem (''WAFL'' stands for ''Write-Anywhere File Layout'') was developed by NetApp (then known as Network Appliance) in 1994 and is used exclusively in their FAS series filers since then. The filers run a custom operating system based on BSD called ''Data Ontap''. Only recently they started to migrate their code to a FreeBSD base system, however all of their proprietary code still runs as kernel-modules and userspace-processes atop FreeBSD.

WAFL is heavily patented and thus no significant reverse-engineering task has been started yet. Technically it is very similar to [[btrfs]]: Log-structured writes, read-only snapshots that can be made writeable, inline and post-process compression, deduplication, replication, Windows-compatible ACLs, virtual resizable volumes (similar to btrfs subvolumes) and more features are all available. It also includes its own RAID system with 1 or 2 disk parity (called ''RAID DP'', where DP stands for ''Diagonal Parity'') and uses various on-disk checksums to protect against silent data loss.

There is also a simulator available from NetApp that can be used to simulate a fully-functioning FAS filer in a virtual machine

== Links ==
*[[Wikipedia:Write_Anywhere_File_Layout|Wikipedia article]]
*[http://mysupport.netapp.com/NOW/cgi-bin/simulator Simulator] download page (NetApp account required, a "guest" type account should be sufficient)
*[http://www.netapp.com/us/media/tr-3001.pdf NetApp Technical Report TR3001] ''A Storage Networking Appliance''
*[http://hack.org/mc/texts/wafl.pdf NetApp Technical Report TR3002] ''File System Design for an NFS File Server Appliance''

== Patents ==
A lot of the inner workings of WAFL can be inferred from reading the patents filed by NetApp/Network Appliance
*[https://www.google.com/patents/US773027 US7730277] System and method for using PVBN placeholders in a flexible volume of a storage system
*[https://www.google.com/patents/US7243207 US7243207] Technique for translating a pure virtual file system data stream into a hybrid virtual volume
*[https://www.google.com/patents/US7194595 US7194595] Technique for translating a hybrid virtual volume file system into a pure virtual file system data stream
*[https://www.google.com/patents/US5819292 US5819292] Method for maintaining consistent states of a file system and for creating user-accessible read-only copies of a file system
*[https://www.google.com/patents/US20140108468 US20140108468] Methods and apparatus for changing versions of a filesystem
*[https://www.google.com/patents/US20140082281 US20140082281] Extension of write anywhere file system layout
*[https://www.google.com/patents/US20120158670 US20120158670] Fingerprints datastore and stale fingerprint removal in de-duplication environments
*[https://www.google.com/patents/US20020083037 US20020083037] Instant Snapshots

Master Boot Record

2015-03-15T14:29:52Z

Darkstar: 07c0:0000 is the normalized (canonical) address (see e.g. http://thestarman.pcministry.com/asm/debug/Segments.html#NORM)

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Filesystem
}}

The '''Master Boot Record''' is the first sector of a [[wikipedia:IBM PC compatible|PC]] disk. It contains the first stage of the boot loader and a partition table. A valid MBR ends with the byte sequence {{magic|55 aa}}.

During booting the PC [[BIOS]] loads the MBR at linear address 0x7c00 and passes control to it (at real mode address 07c0:0000, or sometimes 0000:7c00). The MBR code is responsible for loading the rest of the boot loader, which then loads the operating system.

== Resources ==
* [[wikipedia:Master boot record|Master boot record]]
* [http://thestarman.narod.ru/asm/mbr/STDMBR.htm An Examination of the Standard MBR (Master Boot Record)]

[[category:Filesystem]] [[category:Operating Systems]] [[Category:File format details]]

Emulation Software

2014-07-26T08:37:00Z

Darkstar: /* Atari */ damn typo ^^

{|
|[[Software]]
| >
|[[Emulation Software]]
|}

== Amiga ==
* [[Amiga Forever]] (commercial, Amiga, [http://www.amigaforever.com/ website])
* [[Fellow]] (freeware, Amiga, [http://fellow.sourceforge.net/ website])
* [[UAE]] (open source, Amiga, [http://www.winuae.net/ website of WinUAE] [http://fs-uae.net/ website of FS-UAE])

== Amstrad CPC ==
* [[Arnimedes]] (freeware, CPC, [http://www.arnimedes.de/ website])
* [[Arnold]] (open source, CPC/CPC+/KC compact, [http://arnold.emuunlim.com/ website])
* [[CPC++]] (shareware, CPC, [http://bricerive.free.fr/cpc/cpcpp.html website])
* [[CPCE]] (freeware, CPC, [http://cpce.emuunlim.com/ website])
* [[CPCEmu]] (open source, CPC, [http://www.ulrich-cordes.de/cpc/english/cpcemu.htm website])
* [[WinAPE]] (freeware, CPC, [http://www.winape.net/ website])

== APF Imagination Machine ==
* [[APF_EMUW]] (freeware, Windows, [http://www.nausicaa.net/~lgreenf/apf0308.zip website])

== Apple II ==
* [[AppleWin]] (open source, Apple IIe, [http://applewin.berlios.de/ website])
* [[KEGS]] (open source, Apple IIgs, [http://kegs.sourceforge.net/ website])
* [[OpenEmulator]] (open source, Apple II, [http://www.openemulator.org/ website])

[https://archive.org/details/EmulatorDetectionIn6502AssemblyKansasfest2014Presentation Apple disk image that detects which emulator you're using to run it]

== Arcade ==
* [[MAME]] (open source, Arcade, [http://mamedev.org/ website])
* [[Raine]] (open source, Arcade, [http://rainemu.swishparty.co.uk/ website])
* [[Retrocopy]] (freeware, Arcade, [http://www.retrocopy.com/ website])

== [[ROM_and_memory_images#Atari_game_consoles|Atari]] ==
* [[Atari800]] (open source, Atari 800/800XL/130XE/5200, [http://atari800.sourceforge.net/ website])
* [[Altirra]] (open source, Atari 800, [http://www.virtualdub.org/altirra.html website])
* [[EMU7800]] (open source, Atari 2600/7800, [http://emu7800.sourceforge.net/ website])
* [[EstyJS]] (open source, Atari ST, JavaScript, [http://estyjs.azurewebsites.net/ website])
* [[Hatari]] (open source, Atari ST/STE/TT, [http://hatari.tuxfamily.org/ website])
* [[Javatari]] (open source, Atari 2600, [http://javatari.org/ website])
* [[ProSystem Emulator]] (open source, Atari 7800, [https://home.comcast.net/~gscottstanton/ website])
* [[Stella]] (donationware, Atari 2600, [http://stella.sourceforge.net/ website])

== C64 ==
* [[CCS64]] (shareware, C64, [http://www.ccs64.com/ website])
* [[Commodore 64 for iOS]] ([https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/commodore-64/id305504539?mt=8 paid download])
* [[Frodo]] (open source, C64, [http://frodo.cebix.net/ website])
* [[VICE]] (open source, C64/C128/Plus4/VC20/PET/..., [http://vice-emu.sourceforge.net/ website])

== Coleco Adam ==
* [[ADAMem]] (freeware, Adam, [http://www.sacnews.net/adamcomputer/downloads.html website])

== Digital Group ==
* [[Digital Group emulator]] ([http://www.thedigitalgroup.org/dg/?wpfb_dl=3 Mac], [http://www.thedigitalgroup.org/dg/?wpfb_dl=2 Windows])

== Firefox OS ==
* [[Firefox OS Simulator]] (open source, Windows/Mac/Linux) [https://hacks.mozilla.org/2012/11/announcing-the-prototype-firefox-os-simulator/ announcement]

== Macintosh ==
* [[Basilisk II]] (open source, 68000, [http://basilisk.cebix.net/ website])
* [[Mini vMac]] (open source, Macintosh, [http://minivmac.sourceforge.net/ website])
* [[PearPC]] (open source, PowerPC, [http://pearpc.sourceforge.net/ website])
* [[SheepShaver]] (open source, MacOS, [http://sheepshaver.cebix.net/ website])
* [[vMac]] (open source, Macintosh, [http://www.vmac.org/ website])

== [[ROM_and_memory_images#Nintendo_game_consoles|Nintendo]] ==
* [[higan]] (formerly known as bsnes) (open source, primarily [[SNES]], but recently also supports NES/[[GB]]/[[GBC]] and GBA, [http://byuu.org/higan/ website])

== [[ROM_and_memory_images#Sega_game_consoles|Sega]] ==
* [[Genecyst]] (freeware, Genesis/Mega-Drive, [http://bloodlust.zophar.net/gen/genecyst.html website])
* [[Gens32]] (freeware, Genesis/Mega-Drive/Sega-CD/Mega-CD/32X, [http://gens32.emubase.de/ website])

== Sol ==
* [[Solace]] (freeware, SOL-20, [http://www.sol20.org/solace.html website])

== TRS-80 ==
* Various emulators [http://www.vavasour.ca/jeff/trs80.html here]
* Color Computer Emulator [http://www.classiccmp.org/cpmarchives/trs80/mirrors/www.discover-net.net/~dmkeil/coco/cocodoc.htm here]

== x86 ==
* [[Dioscuri]] (open source, x86, [http://dioscuri.sourceforge.net/ website])
* [[DOSBox]] (open source, x86, [http://www.dosbox.com/ website])
* [[DOSEMU]] (open source, x86, [http://www.dosemu.org/ website])
* [[iDOS]] (DOS emulator for iOS)
* [[JPC]] (open source, x86, [http://jpc.sourceforge.net/home_home.html website])
* [[PCE]] (open source, x86, focus on old PC/XT/AT systems, [http://www.hampa.ch/pce/ website], [http://jamesfriend.com.au/pce-js/ JavaScript port])

== ZX Spectrum ==
* [[Fuse]] (open source, ZX Spectrum, [http://fuse-emulator.sourceforge.net/ website])

== Other and Multiplatform ==
* [[Daphne]] (open source, LaserDisc, [http://www.daphne-emu.com/site3/index_hi.php website])
* [[GXemul]] (open source, generic, [http://gxemul.sourceforge.net/ website])
* [[MESS]] (source available, multiple home computers and other computers, [http://www.mess.org/ website])
** [[JSMESS]] (in-browser Javascript implementation of MESS, [http://jsmess.textfiles.com/ try it online])
* [[Hercules]] (open source, System/370, ESRA/390, z/ARCH, [http://www.hercules-390.org/ website])
* [[QEMU]] (open source, generic, [http://www.qemu.org/ website])
* [[KEEP]] - Keeping Emulation Environments Portable (open source, generic, [http://www.keep-project.eu/ezpub2/index.php website])
** [[Emulation Framework]] ([http://emuframework.sourceforge.net/ SourceForge site])
** [[TOTEM]] - Trustworthy Online Technical Environment Metadata Database
* [[SIMH]] (open source, multi-system, [http://simh.trailing-edge.com/ website])

[[Category:Emulation]]
[[Category:Software]]

Emulation Software

2014-07-26T08:36:38Z

Darkstar: /* Atari */ add etsyjs

{|
|[[Software]]
| >
|[[Emulation Software]]
|}

== Amiga ==
* [[Amiga Forever]] (commercial, Amiga, [http://www.amigaforever.com/ website])
* [[Fellow]] (freeware, Amiga, [http://fellow.sourceforge.net/ website])
* [[UAE]] (open source, Amiga, [http://www.winuae.net/ website of WinUAE] [http://fs-uae.net/ website of FS-UAE])

== Amstrad CPC ==
* [[Arnimedes]] (freeware, CPC, [http://www.arnimedes.de/ website])
* [[Arnold]] (open source, CPC/CPC+/KC compact, [http://arnold.emuunlim.com/ website])
* [[CPC++]] (shareware, CPC, [http://bricerive.free.fr/cpc/cpcpp.html website])
* [[CPCE]] (freeware, CPC, [http://cpce.emuunlim.com/ website])
* [[CPCEmu]] (open source, CPC, [http://www.ulrich-cordes.de/cpc/english/cpcemu.htm website])
* [[WinAPE]] (freeware, CPC, [http://www.winape.net/ website])

== APF Imagination Machine ==
* [[APF_EMUW]] (freeware, Windows, [http://www.nausicaa.net/~lgreenf/apf0308.zip website])

== Apple II ==
* [[AppleWin]] (open source, Apple IIe, [http://applewin.berlios.de/ website])
* [[KEGS]] (open source, Apple IIgs, [http://kegs.sourceforge.net/ website])
* [[OpenEmulator]] (open source, Apple II, [http://www.openemulator.org/ website])

[https://archive.org/details/EmulatorDetectionIn6502AssemblyKansasfest2014Presentation Apple disk image that detects which emulator you're using to run it]

== Arcade ==
* [[MAME]] (open source, Arcade, [http://mamedev.org/ website])
* [[Raine]] (open source, Arcade, [http://rainemu.swishparty.co.uk/ website])
* [[Retrocopy]] (freeware, Arcade, [http://www.retrocopy.com/ website])

== [[ROM_and_memory_images#Atari_game_consoles|Atari]] ==
* [[Atari800]] (open source, Atari 800/800XL/130XE/5200, [http://atari800.sourceforge.net/ website])
* [[Altirra]] (open source, Atari 800, [http://www.virtualdub.org/altirra.html website])
* [[EMU7800]] (open source, Atari 2600/7800, [http://emu7800.sourceforge.net/ website])
* [[EtsyJS]] (open source, Atari ST, JavaScript, [http://estyjs.azurewebsites.net/ website])
* [[Hatari]] (open source, Atari ST/STE/TT, [http://hatari.tuxfamily.org/ website])
* [[Javatari]] (open source, Atari 2600, [http://javatari.org/ website])
* [[ProSystem Emulator]] (open source, Atari 7800, [https://home.comcast.net/~gscottstanton/ website])
* [[Stella]] (donationware, Atari 2600, [http://stella.sourceforge.net/ website])

== C64 ==
* [[CCS64]] (shareware, C64, [http://www.ccs64.com/ website])
* [[Commodore 64 for iOS]] ([https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/commodore-64/id305504539?mt=8 paid download])
* [[Frodo]] (open source, C64, [http://frodo.cebix.net/ website])
* [[VICE]] (open source, C64/C128/Plus4/VC20/PET/..., [http://vice-emu.sourceforge.net/ website])

== Coleco Adam ==
* [[ADAMem]] (freeware, Adam, [http://www.sacnews.net/adamcomputer/downloads.html website])

== Digital Group ==
* [[Digital Group emulator]] ([http://www.thedigitalgroup.org/dg/?wpfb_dl=3 Mac], [http://www.thedigitalgroup.org/dg/?wpfb_dl=2 Windows])

== Firefox OS ==
* [[Firefox OS Simulator]] (open source, Windows/Mac/Linux) [https://hacks.mozilla.org/2012/11/announcing-the-prototype-firefox-os-simulator/ announcement]

== Macintosh ==
* [[Basilisk II]] (open source, 68000, [http://basilisk.cebix.net/ website])
* [[Mini vMac]] (open source, Macintosh, [http://minivmac.sourceforge.net/ website])
* [[PearPC]] (open source, PowerPC, [http://pearpc.sourceforge.net/ website])
* [[SheepShaver]] (open source, MacOS, [http://sheepshaver.cebix.net/ website])
* [[vMac]] (open source, Macintosh, [http://www.vmac.org/ website])

== [[ROM_and_memory_images#Nintendo_game_consoles|Nintendo]] ==
* [[higan]] (formerly known as bsnes) (open source, primarily [[SNES]], but recently also supports NES/[[GB]]/[[GBC]] and GBA, [http://byuu.org/higan/ website])

== [[ROM_and_memory_images#Sega_game_consoles|Sega]] ==
* [[Genecyst]] (freeware, Genesis/Mega-Drive, [http://bloodlust.zophar.net/gen/genecyst.html website])
* [[Gens32]] (freeware, Genesis/Mega-Drive/Sega-CD/Mega-CD/32X, [http://gens32.emubase.de/ website])

== Sol ==
* [[Solace]] (freeware, SOL-20, [http://www.sol20.org/solace.html website])

== TRS-80 ==
* Various emulators [http://www.vavasour.ca/jeff/trs80.html here]
* Color Computer Emulator [http://www.classiccmp.org/cpmarchives/trs80/mirrors/www.discover-net.net/~dmkeil/coco/cocodoc.htm here]

== x86 ==
* [[Dioscuri]] (open source, x86, [http://dioscuri.sourceforge.net/ website])
* [[DOSBox]] (open source, x86, [http://www.dosbox.com/ website])
* [[DOSEMU]] (open source, x86, [http://www.dosemu.org/ website])
* [[iDOS]] (DOS emulator for iOS)
* [[JPC]] (open source, x86, [http://jpc.sourceforge.net/home_home.html website])
* [[PCE]] (open source, x86, focus on old PC/XT/AT systems, [http://www.hampa.ch/pce/ website], [http://jamesfriend.com.au/pce-js/ JavaScript port])

== ZX Spectrum ==
* [[Fuse]] (open source, ZX Spectrum, [http://fuse-emulator.sourceforge.net/ website])

== Other and Multiplatform ==
* [[Daphne]] (open source, LaserDisc, [http://www.daphne-emu.com/site3/index_hi.php website])
* [[GXemul]] (open source, generic, [http://gxemul.sourceforge.net/ website])
* [[MESS]] (source available, multiple home computers and other computers, [http://www.mess.org/ website])
** [[JSMESS]] (in-browser Javascript implementation of MESS, [http://jsmess.textfiles.com/ try it online])
* [[Hercules]] (open source, System/370, ESRA/390, z/ARCH, [http://www.hercules-390.org/ website])
* [[QEMU]] (open source, generic, [http://www.qemu.org/ website])
* [[KEEP]] - Keeping Emulation Environments Portable (open source, generic, [http://www.keep-project.eu/ezpub2/index.php website])
** [[Emulation Framework]] ([http://emuframework.sourceforge.net/ SourceForge site])
** [[TOTEM]] - Trustworthy Online Technical Environment Metadata Database
* [[SIMH]] (open source, multi-system, [http://simh.trailing-edge.com/ website])

[[Category:Emulation]]
[[Category:Software]]

Emulation Software

2014-07-26T08:33:52Z

Darkstar: /* x86 */ add PCE

{|
|[[Software]]
| >
|[[Emulation Software]]
|}

== Amiga ==
* [[Amiga Forever]] (commercial, Amiga, [http://www.amigaforever.com/ website])
* [[Fellow]] (freeware, Amiga, [http://fellow.sourceforge.net/ website])
* [[UAE]] (open source, Amiga, [http://www.winuae.net/ website of WinUAE] [http://fs-uae.net/ website of FS-UAE])

== Amstrad CPC ==
* [[Arnimedes]] (freeware, CPC, [http://www.arnimedes.de/ website])
* [[Arnold]] (open source, CPC/CPC+/KC compact, [http://arnold.emuunlim.com/ website])
* [[CPC++]] (shareware, CPC, [http://bricerive.free.fr/cpc/cpcpp.html website])
* [[CPCE]] (freeware, CPC, [http://cpce.emuunlim.com/ website])
* [[CPCEmu]] (open source, CPC, [http://www.ulrich-cordes.de/cpc/english/cpcemu.htm website])
* [[WinAPE]] (freeware, CPC, [http://www.winape.net/ website])

== APF Imagination Machine ==
* [[APF_EMUW]] (freeware, Windows, [http://www.nausicaa.net/~lgreenf/apf0308.zip website])

== Apple II ==
* [[AppleWin]] (open source, Apple IIe, [http://applewin.berlios.de/ website])
* [[KEGS]] (open source, Apple IIgs, [http://kegs.sourceforge.net/ website])
* [[OpenEmulator]] (open source, Apple II, [http://www.openemulator.org/ website])

[https://archive.org/details/EmulatorDetectionIn6502AssemblyKansasfest2014Presentation Apple disk image that detects which emulator you're using to run it]

== Arcade ==
* [[MAME]] (open source, Arcade, [http://mamedev.org/ website])
* [[Raine]] (open source, Arcade, [http://rainemu.swishparty.co.uk/ website])
* [[Retrocopy]] (freeware, Arcade, [http://www.retrocopy.com/ website])

== [[ROM_and_memory_images#Atari_game_consoles|Atari]] ==
* [[Atari800]] (open source, Atari 800/800XL/130XE/5200, [http://atari800.sourceforge.net/ website])
* [[Altirra]] (open source, Atari 800, [http://www.virtualdub.org/altirra.html website])
* [[EMU7800]] (open source, Atari 2600/7800, [http://emu7800.sourceforge.net/ website])
* [[Hatari]] (open source, Atari ST/STE/TT, [http://hatari.tuxfamily.org/ website])
* [[Javatari]] (open source, Atari 2600, [http://javatari.org/ website])
* [[ProSystem Emulator]] (open source, Atari 7800, [https://home.comcast.net/~gscottstanton/ website])
* [[Stella]] (donationware, Atari 2600, [http://stella.sourceforge.net/ website])

== C64 ==
* [[CCS64]] (shareware, C64, [http://www.ccs64.com/ website])
* [[Commodore 64 for iOS]] ([https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/commodore-64/id305504539?mt=8 paid download])
* [[Frodo]] (open source, C64, [http://frodo.cebix.net/ website])
* [[VICE]] (open source, C64/C128/Plus4/VC20/PET/..., [http://vice-emu.sourceforge.net/ website])

== Coleco Adam ==
* [[ADAMem]] (freeware, Adam, [http://www.sacnews.net/adamcomputer/downloads.html website])

== Digital Group ==
* [[Digital Group emulator]] ([http://www.thedigitalgroup.org/dg/?wpfb_dl=3 Mac], [http://www.thedigitalgroup.org/dg/?wpfb_dl=2 Windows])

== Firefox OS ==
* [[Firefox OS Simulator]] (open source, Windows/Mac/Linux) [https://hacks.mozilla.org/2012/11/announcing-the-prototype-firefox-os-simulator/ announcement]

== Macintosh ==
* [[Basilisk II]] (open source, 68000, [http://basilisk.cebix.net/ website])
* [[Mini vMac]] (open source, Macintosh, [http://minivmac.sourceforge.net/ website])
* [[PearPC]] (open source, PowerPC, [http://pearpc.sourceforge.net/ website])
* [[SheepShaver]] (open source, MacOS, [http://sheepshaver.cebix.net/ website])
* [[vMac]] (open source, Macintosh, [http://www.vmac.org/ website])

== [[ROM_and_memory_images#Nintendo_game_consoles|Nintendo]] ==
* [[higan]] (formerly known as bsnes) (open source, primarily [[SNES]], but recently also supports NES/[[GB]]/[[GBC]] and GBA, [http://byuu.org/higan/ website])

== [[ROM_and_memory_images#Sega_game_consoles|Sega]] ==
* [[Genecyst]] (freeware, Genesis/Mega-Drive, [http://bloodlust.zophar.net/gen/genecyst.html website])
* [[Gens32]] (freeware, Genesis/Mega-Drive/Sega-CD/Mega-CD/32X, [http://gens32.emubase.de/ website])

== Sol ==
* [[Solace]] (freeware, SOL-20, [http://www.sol20.org/solace.html website])

== TRS-80 ==
* Various emulators [http://www.vavasour.ca/jeff/trs80.html here]
* Color Computer Emulator [http://www.classiccmp.org/cpmarchives/trs80/mirrors/www.discover-net.net/~dmkeil/coco/cocodoc.htm here]

== x86 ==
* [[Dioscuri]] (open source, x86, [http://dioscuri.sourceforge.net/ website])
* [[DOSBox]] (open source, x86, [http://www.dosbox.com/ website])
* [[DOSEMU]] (open source, x86, [http://www.dosemu.org/ website])
* [[iDOS]] (DOS emulator for iOS)
* [[JPC]] (open source, x86, [http://jpc.sourceforge.net/home_home.html website])
* [[PCE]] (open source, x86, focus on old PC/XT/AT systems, [http://www.hampa.ch/pce/ website], [http://jamesfriend.com.au/pce-js/ JavaScript port])

== ZX Spectrum ==
* [[Fuse]] (open source, ZX Spectrum, [http://fuse-emulator.sourceforge.net/ website])

== Other and Multiplatform ==
* [[Daphne]] (open source, LaserDisc, [http://www.daphne-emu.com/site3/index_hi.php website])
* [[GXemul]] (open source, generic, [http://gxemul.sourceforge.net/ website])
* [[MESS]] (source available, multiple home computers and other computers, [http://www.mess.org/ website])
** [[JSMESS]] (in-browser Javascript implementation of MESS, [http://jsmess.textfiles.com/ try it online])
* [[Hercules]] (open source, System/370, ESRA/390, z/ARCH, [http://www.hercules-390.org/ website])
* [[QEMU]] (open source, generic, [http://www.qemu.org/ website])
* [[KEEP]] - Keeping Emulation Environments Portable (open source, generic, [http://www.keep-project.eu/ezpub2/index.php website])
** [[Emulation Framework]] ([http://emuframework.sourceforge.net/ SourceForge site])
** [[TOTEM]] - Trustworthy Online Technical Environment Metadata Database
* [[SIMH]] (open source, multi-system, [http://simh.trailing-edge.com/ website])

[[Category:Emulation]]
[[Category:Software]]

Emulation Software

2014-07-26T08:28:49Z

Darkstar: /* Nintendo */ bsnes has been renamed ages ago...

{|
|[[Software]]
| >
|[[Emulation Software]]
|}

== Amiga ==
* [[Amiga Forever]] (commercial, Amiga, [http://www.amigaforever.com/ website])
* [[Fellow]] (freeware, Amiga, [http://fellow.sourceforge.net/ website])
* [[UAE]] (open source, Amiga, [http://www.winuae.net/ website of WinUAE] [http://fs-uae.net/ website of FS-UAE])

== Amstrad CPC ==
* [[Arnimedes]] (freeware, CPC, [http://www.arnimedes.de/ website])
* [[Arnold]] (open source, CPC/CPC+/KC compact, [http://arnold.emuunlim.com/ website])
* [[CPC++]] (shareware, CPC, [http://bricerive.free.fr/cpc/cpcpp.html website])
* [[CPCE]] (freeware, CPC, [http://cpce.emuunlim.com/ website])
* [[CPCEmu]] (open source, CPC, [http://www.ulrich-cordes.de/cpc/english/cpcemu.htm website])
* [[WinAPE]] (freeware, CPC, [http://www.winape.net/ website])

== APF Imagination Machine ==
* [[APF_EMUW]] (freeware, Windows, [http://www.nausicaa.net/~lgreenf/apf0308.zip website])

== Apple II ==
* [[AppleWin]] (open source, Apple IIe, [http://applewin.berlios.de/ website])
* [[KEGS]] (open source, Apple IIgs, [http://kegs.sourceforge.net/ website])
* [[OpenEmulator]] (open source, Apple II, [http://www.openemulator.org/ website])

[https://archive.org/details/EmulatorDetectionIn6502AssemblyKansasfest2014Presentation Apple disk image that detects which emulator you're using to run it]

== Arcade ==
* [[MAME]] (open source, Arcade, [http://mamedev.org/ website])
* [[Raine]] (open source, Arcade, [http://rainemu.swishparty.co.uk/ website])
* [[Retrocopy]] (freeware, Arcade, [http://www.retrocopy.com/ website])

== [[ROM_and_memory_images#Atari_game_consoles|Atari]] ==
* [[Atari800]] (open source, Atari 800/800XL/130XE/5200, [http://atari800.sourceforge.net/ website])
* [[Altirra]] (open source, Atari 800, [http://www.virtualdub.org/altirra.html website])
* [[EMU7800]] (open source, Atari 2600/7800, [http://emu7800.sourceforge.net/ website])
* [[Hatari]] (open source, Atari ST/STE/TT, [http://hatari.tuxfamily.org/ website])
* [[Javatari]] (open source, Atari 2600, [http://javatari.org/ website])
* [[ProSystem Emulator]] (open source, Atari 7800, [https://home.comcast.net/~gscottstanton/ website])
* [[Stella]] (donationware, Atari 2600, [http://stella.sourceforge.net/ website])

== C64 ==
* [[CCS64]] (shareware, C64, [http://www.ccs64.com/ website])
* [[Commodore 64 for iOS]] ([https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/commodore-64/id305504539?mt=8 paid download])
* [[Frodo]] (open source, C64, [http://frodo.cebix.net/ website])
* [[VICE]] (open source, C64/C128/Plus4/VC20/PET/..., [http://vice-emu.sourceforge.net/ website])

== Coleco Adam ==
* [[ADAMem]] (freeware, Adam, [http://www.sacnews.net/adamcomputer/downloads.html website])

== Digital Group ==
* [[Digital Group emulator]] ([http://www.thedigitalgroup.org/dg/?wpfb_dl=3 Mac], [http://www.thedigitalgroup.org/dg/?wpfb_dl=2 Windows])

== Firefox OS ==
* [[Firefox OS Simulator]] (open source, Windows/Mac/Linux) [https://hacks.mozilla.org/2012/11/announcing-the-prototype-firefox-os-simulator/ announcement]

== Macintosh ==
* [[Basilisk II]] (open source, 68000, [http://basilisk.cebix.net/ website])
* [[Mini vMac]] (open source, Macintosh, [http://minivmac.sourceforge.net/ website])
* [[PearPC]] (open source, PowerPC, [http://pearpc.sourceforge.net/ website])
* [[SheepShaver]] (open source, MacOS, [http://sheepshaver.cebix.net/ website])
* [[vMac]] (open source, Macintosh, [http://www.vmac.org/ website])

== [[ROM_and_memory_images#Nintendo_game_consoles|Nintendo]] ==
* [[higan]] (formerly known as bsnes) (open source, primarily [[SNES]], but recently also supports NES/[[GB]]/[[GBC]] and GBA, [http://byuu.org/higan/ website])

== [[ROM_and_memory_images#Sega_game_consoles|Sega]] ==
* [[Genecyst]] (freeware, Genesis/Mega-Drive, [http://bloodlust.zophar.net/gen/genecyst.html website])
* [[Gens32]] (freeware, Genesis/Mega-Drive/Sega-CD/Mega-CD/32X, [http://gens32.emubase.de/ website])

== Sol ==
* [[Solace]] (freeware, SOL-20, [http://www.sol20.org/solace.html website])

== TRS-80 ==
* Various emulators [http://www.vavasour.ca/jeff/trs80.html here]
* Color Computer Emulator [http://www.classiccmp.org/cpmarchives/trs80/mirrors/www.discover-net.net/~dmkeil/coco/cocodoc.htm here]

== x86 ==
* [[Dioscuri]] (open source, x86, [http://dioscuri.sourceforge.net/ website])
* [[DOSBox]] (open source, x86, [http://www.dosbox.com/ website])
* [[DOSEMU]] (open source, x86, [http://www.dosemu.org/ website])
* [[iDOS]] (DOS emulator for iOS)
* [[JPC]] (open source, x86, [http://jpc.sourceforge.net/home_home.html website])

== ZX Spectrum ==
* [[Fuse]] (open source, ZX Spectrum, [http://fuse-emulator.sourceforge.net/ website])

== Other and Multiplatform ==
* [[Daphne]] (open source, LaserDisc, [http://www.daphne-emu.com/site3/index_hi.php website])
* [[GXemul]] (open source, generic, [http://gxemul.sourceforge.net/ website])
* [[MESS]] (source available, multiple home computers and other computers, [http://www.mess.org/ website])
** [[JSMESS]] (in-browser Javascript implementation of MESS, [http://jsmess.textfiles.com/ try it online])
* [[Hercules]] (open source, System/370, ESRA/390, z/ARCH, [http://www.hercules-390.org/ website])
* [[QEMU]] (open source, generic, [http://www.qemu.org/ website])
* [[KEEP]] - Keeping Emulation Environments Portable (open source, generic, [http://www.keep-project.eu/ezpub2/index.php website])
** [[Emulation Framework]] ([http://emuframework.sourceforge.net/ SourceForge site])
** [[TOTEM]] - Trustworthy Online Technical Environment Metadata Database
* [[SIMH]] (open source, multi-system, [http://simh.trailing-edge.com/ website])

[[Category:Emulation]]
[[Category:Software]]

VICE

2014-07-26T08:26:15Z

Darkstar: /* Resources */ viceteam.org is gone

{|
|[[Software]]
| >
|[[Emulation Software]]
| >
|[[VICE]]
|}

'''VICE''', standing for '''V'''ersat'''I'''le '''C'''ommodore '''E'''mulator, is a free Commodore [[Emulation_Software|emulator]] written in C.

== Emulated hardware ==
* Commodore 64
* Commdoroe 128
* Commdoroe VIC-20
* Commodore Plus/4
* C64 Direct-to-TV
* Commodore PET
* CBM-II

== Resources ==
* [http://vice-emu.sourceforge.net/ website]
* [http://www.viceteam.org/ old website], currently down
* [http://vice-emu.sourceforge.net/vice_toc.html Documentation]

Emulation Software

2014-07-26T08:25:05Z

Darkstar: /* C64 */ viceteam.org no longer exists, it seems

{|
|[[Software]]
| >
|[[Emulation Software]]
|}

== Amiga ==
* [[Amiga Forever]] (commercial, Amiga, [http://www.amigaforever.com/ website])
* [[Fellow]] (freeware, Amiga, [http://fellow.sourceforge.net/ website])
* [[UAE]] (open source, Amiga, [http://www.winuae.net/ website of WinUAE] [http://fs-uae.net/ website of FS-UAE])

== Amstrad CPC ==
* [[Arnimedes]] (freeware, CPC, [http://www.arnimedes.de/ website])
* [[Arnold]] (open source, CPC/CPC+/KC compact, [http://arnold.emuunlim.com/ website])
* [[CPC++]] (shareware, CPC, [http://bricerive.free.fr/cpc/cpcpp.html website])
* [[CPCE]] (freeware, CPC, [http://cpce.emuunlim.com/ website])
* [[CPCEmu]] (open source, CPC, [http://www.ulrich-cordes.de/cpc/english/cpcemu.htm website])
* [[WinAPE]] (freeware, CPC, [http://www.winape.net/ website])

== APF Imagination Machine ==
* [[APF_EMUW]] (freeware, Windows, [http://www.nausicaa.net/~lgreenf/apf0308.zip website])

== Apple II ==
* [[AppleWin]] (open source, Apple IIe, [http://applewin.berlios.de/ website])
* [[KEGS]] (open source, Apple IIgs, [http://kegs.sourceforge.net/ website])
* [[OpenEmulator]] (open source, Apple II, [http://www.openemulator.org/ website])

[https://archive.org/details/EmulatorDetectionIn6502AssemblyKansasfest2014Presentation Apple disk image that detects which emulator you're using to run it]

== Arcade ==
* [[MAME]] (open source, Arcade, [http://mamedev.org/ website])
* [[Raine]] (open source, Arcade, [http://rainemu.swishparty.co.uk/ website])
* [[Retrocopy]] (freeware, Arcade, [http://www.retrocopy.com/ website])

== [[ROM_and_memory_images#Atari_game_consoles|Atari]] ==
* [[Atari800]] (open source, Atari 800/800XL/130XE/5200, [http://atari800.sourceforge.net/ website])
* [[Altirra]] (open source, Atari 800, [http://www.virtualdub.org/altirra.html website])
* [[EMU7800]] (open source, Atari 2600/7800, [http://emu7800.sourceforge.net/ website])
* [[Hatari]] (open source, Atari ST/STE/TT, [http://hatari.tuxfamily.org/ website])
* [[Javatari]] (open source, Atari 2600, [http://javatari.org/ website])
* [[ProSystem Emulator]] (open source, Atari 7800, [https://home.comcast.net/~gscottstanton/ website])
* [[Stella]] (donationware, Atari 2600, [http://stella.sourceforge.net/ website])

== C64 ==
* [[CCS64]] (shareware, C64, [http://www.ccs64.com/ website])
* [[Commodore 64 for iOS]] ([https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/commodore-64/id305504539?mt=8 paid download])
* [[Frodo]] (open source, C64, [http://frodo.cebix.net/ website])
* [[VICE]] (open source, C64/C128/Plus4/VC20/PET/..., [http://vice-emu.sourceforge.net/ website])

== Coleco Adam ==
* [[ADAMem]] (freeware, Adam, [http://www.sacnews.net/adamcomputer/downloads.html website])

== Digital Group ==
* [[Digital Group emulator]] ([http://www.thedigitalgroup.org/dg/?wpfb_dl=3 Mac], [http://www.thedigitalgroup.org/dg/?wpfb_dl=2 Windows])

== Firefox OS ==
* [[Firefox OS Simulator]] (open source, Windows/Mac/Linux) [https://hacks.mozilla.org/2012/11/announcing-the-prototype-firefox-os-simulator/ announcement]

== Macintosh ==
* [[Basilisk II]] (open source, 68000, [http://basilisk.cebix.net/ website])
* [[Mini vMac]] (open source, Macintosh, [http://minivmac.sourceforge.net/ website])
* [[PearPC]] (open source, PowerPC, [http://pearpc.sourceforge.net/ website])
* [[SheepShaver]] (open source, MacOS, [http://sheepshaver.cebix.net/ website])
* [[vMac]] (open source, Macintosh, [http://www.vmac.org/ website])

== [[ROM_and_memory_images#Nintendo_game_consoles|Nintendo]] ==
* [[bsnes]] (open source, NES/[[GB]]/[[GBC]]/GBA/NDS, [http://byuu.org/bsnes/ website])

== [[ROM_and_memory_images#Sega_game_consoles|Sega]] ==
* [[Genecyst]] (freeware, Genesis/Mega-Drive, [http://bloodlust.zophar.net/gen/genecyst.html website])
* [[Gens32]] (freeware, Genesis/Mega-Drive/Sega-CD/Mega-CD/32X, [http://gens32.emubase.de/ website])

== Sol ==
* [[Solace]] (freeware, SOL-20, [http://www.sol20.org/solace.html website])

== TRS-80 ==
* Various emulators [http://www.vavasour.ca/jeff/trs80.html here]
* Color Computer Emulator [http://www.classiccmp.org/cpmarchives/trs80/mirrors/www.discover-net.net/~dmkeil/coco/cocodoc.htm here]

== x86 ==
* [[Dioscuri]] (open source, x86, [http://dioscuri.sourceforge.net/ website])
* [[DOSBox]] (open source, x86, [http://www.dosbox.com/ website])
* [[DOSEMU]] (open source, x86, [http://www.dosemu.org/ website])
* [[iDOS]] (DOS emulator for iOS)
* [[JPC]] (open source, x86, [http://jpc.sourceforge.net/home_home.html website])

== ZX Spectrum ==
* [[Fuse]] (open source, ZX Spectrum, [http://fuse-emulator.sourceforge.net/ website])

== Other and Multiplatform ==
* [[Daphne]] (open source, LaserDisc, [http://www.daphne-emu.com/site3/index_hi.php website])
* [[GXemul]] (open source, generic, [http://gxemul.sourceforge.net/ website])
* [[MESS]] (source available, multiple home computers and other computers, [http://www.mess.org/ website])
** [[JSMESS]] (in-browser Javascript implementation of MESS, [http://jsmess.textfiles.com/ try it online])
* [[Hercules]] (open source, System/370, ESRA/390, z/ARCH, [http://www.hercules-390.org/ website])
* [[QEMU]] (open source, generic, [http://www.qemu.org/ website])
* [[KEEP]] - Keeping Emulation Environments Portable (open source, generic, [http://www.keep-project.eu/ezpub2/index.php website])
** [[Emulation Framework]] ([http://emuframework.sourceforge.net/ SourceForge site])
** [[TOTEM]] - Trustworthy Online Technical Environment Metadata Database
* [[SIMH]] (open source, multi-system, [http://simh.trailing-edge.com/ website])

[[Category:Emulation]]
[[Category:Software]]

UAE

2014-07-26T08:23:15Z

Darkstar: /* Resources */ the original website is down, but WinUAE and FS-UAE are still there

{|
|[[Software]]
| >
|[[Emulation Software]]
| >
|[[UAE]]
|}

'''UAE''' is a free Amiga [[Emulation_Software|emulator]] written in C.

== Emulated hardware ==

* A 68000/010/020/040 CPU, optionally a 68881 FPU
* OCS, ECS and AGA Graphics Chipset (including sprite-playfield collisions)
* Up to 2MB Chip RAM and up to 8MB Fast RAM, or 8MB Chip RAM without Fast RAM
* Up to 64MB Zorro III Fast RAM, independent of Chip RAM setting (68020+ only)
* Up to 1MB Slow RAM, for extended compatibility with problem software
* Up to 8MB of graphics card memory, usable by software that supports Picasso 96 compatible graphics cards
* 4 x 3.5" floppy disk drives (DF0:, DF1:, DF2: and DF3:). It's not possible to read Amiga disks, so these are emulated with disk files.
* A hard-disk: either a harddisk image file or part of the native filesystem
* Joystick support (with option of mapping joystick to numeric keypad)
* Mouse support
* Ability to run in various screen modes (for better display quality or better speed)
* Full stereo sound support, consisting of 4 x 8bit channels
* Simple parallel and serial port support. Note: the parallel port is not really implemented. Though it's sufficient for printing.
* State-saving. You can save the state of your emulated Amiga and continue later on.

== Resources ==

* [http://www.amigaemulator.org/ Website] (gone)
* [http://www.winuae.net/ WinUAE fork]
* [http://fs-uae.net/ FS-UAE fork]
* [http://www.amigaemulator.org/useful Useful software]

[[category:Emulation]]

Emulation Software

2014-07-26T08:22:02Z

Darkstar: /* Amiga */ the original website of UAE is gone

{|
|[[Software]]
| >
|[[Emulation Software]]
|}

== Amiga ==
* [[Amiga Forever]] (commercial, Amiga, [http://www.amigaforever.com/ website])
* [[Fellow]] (freeware, Amiga, [http://fellow.sourceforge.net/ website])
* [[UAE]] (open source, Amiga, [http://www.winuae.net/ website of WinUAE] [http://fs-uae.net/ website of FS-UAE])

== Amstrad CPC ==
* [[Arnimedes]] (freeware, CPC, [http://www.arnimedes.de/ website])
* [[Arnold]] (open source, CPC/CPC+/KC compact, [http://arnold.emuunlim.com/ website])
* [[CPC++]] (shareware, CPC, [http://bricerive.free.fr/cpc/cpcpp.html website])
* [[CPCE]] (freeware, CPC, [http://cpce.emuunlim.com/ website])
* [[CPCEmu]] (open source, CPC, [http://www.ulrich-cordes.de/cpc/english/cpcemu.htm website])
* [[WinAPE]] (freeware, CPC, [http://www.winape.net/ website])

== APF Imagination Machine ==
* [[APF_EMUW]] (freeware, Windows, [http://www.nausicaa.net/~lgreenf/apf0308.zip website])

== Apple II ==
* [[AppleWin]] (open source, Apple IIe, [http://applewin.berlios.de/ website])
* [[KEGS]] (open source, Apple IIgs, [http://kegs.sourceforge.net/ website])
* [[OpenEmulator]] (open source, Apple II, [http://www.openemulator.org/ website])

[https://archive.org/details/EmulatorDetectionIn6502AssemblyKansasfest2014Presentation Apple disk image that detects which emulator you're using to run it]

== Arcade ==
* [[MAME]] (open source, Arcade, [http://mamedev.org/ website])
* [[Raine]] (open source, Arcade, [http://rainemu.swishparty.co.uk/ website])
* [[Retrocopy]] (freeware, Arcade, [http://www.retrocopy.com/ website])

== [[ROM_and_memory_images#Atari_game_consoles|Atari]] ==
* [[Atari800]] (open source, Atari 800/800XL/130XE/5200, [http://atari800.sourceforge.net/ website])
* [[Altirra]] (open source, Atari 800, [http://www.virtualdub.org/altirra.html website])
* [[EMU7800]] (open source, Atari 2600/7800, [http://emu7800.sourceforge.net/ website])
* [[Hatari]] (open source, Atari ST/STE/TT, [http://hatari.tuxfamily.org/ website])
* [[Javatari]] (open source, Atari 2600, [http://javatari.org/ website])
* [[ProSystem Emulator]] (open source, Atari 7800, [https://home.comcast.net/~gscottstanton/ website])
* [[Stella]] (donationware, Atari 2600, [http://stella.sourceforge.net/ website])

== C64 ==
* [[CCS64]] (shareware, C64, [http://www.ccs64.com/ website])
* [[Commodore 64 for iOS]] ([https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/commodore-64/id305504539?mt=8 paid download])
* [[Frodo]] (open source, C64, [http://frodo.cebix.net/ website])
* [[VICE]] (open source, C64/C128/Plus4/VC20/PET/..., [http://www.viceteam.org/ website])

== Coleco Adam ==
* [[ADAMem]] (freeware, Adam, [http://www.sacnews.net/adamcomputer/downloads.html website])

== Digital Group ==
* [[Digital Group emulator]] ([http://www.thedigitalgroup.org/dg/?wpfb_dl=3 Mac], [http://www.thedigitalgroup.org/dg/?wpfb_dl=2 Windows])

== Firefox OS ==
* [[Firefox OS Simulator]] (open source, Windows/Mac/Linux) [https://hacks.mozilla.org/2012/11/announcing-the-prototype-firefox-os-simulator/ announcement]

== Macintosh ==
* [[Basilisk II]] (open source, 68000, [http://basilisk.cebix.net/ website])
* [[Mini vMac]] (open source, Macintosh, [http://minivmac.sourceforge.net/ website])
* [[PearPC]] (open source, PowerPC, [http://pearpc.sourceforge.net/ website])
* [[SheepShaver]] (open source, MacOS, [http://sheepshaver.cebix.net/ website])
* [[vMac]] (open source, Macintosh, [http://www.vmac.org/ website])

== [[ROM_and_memory_images#Nintendo_game_consoles|Nintendo]] ==
* [[bsnes]] (open source, NES/[[GB]]/[[GBC]]/GBA/NDS, [http://byuu.org/bsnes/ website])

== [[ROM_and_memory_images#Sega_game_consoles|Sega]] ==
* [[Genecyst]] (freeware, Genesis/Mega-Drive, [http://bloodlust.zophar.net/gen/genecyst.html website])
* [[Gens32]] (freeware, Genesis/Mega-Drive/Sega-CD/Mega-CD/32X, [http://gens32.emubase.de/ website])

== Sol ==
* [[Solace]] (freeware, SOL-20, [http://www.sol20.org/solace.html website])

== TRS-80 ==
* Various emulators [http://www.vavasour.ca/jeff/trs80.html here]
* Color Computer Emulator [http://www.classiccmp.org/cpmarchives/trs80/mirrors/www.discover-net.net/~dmkeil/coco/cocodoc.htm here]

== x86 ==
* [[Dioscuri]] (open source, x86, [http://dioscuri.sourceforge.net/ website])
* [[DOSBox]] (open source, x86, [http://www.dosbox.com/ website])
* [[DOSEMU]] (open source, x86, [http://www.dosemu.org/ website])
* [[iDOS]] (DOS emulator for iOS)
* [[JPC]] (open source, x86, [http://jpc.sourceforge.net/home_home.html website])

== ZX Spectrum ==
* [[Fuse]] (open source, ZX Spectrum, [http://fuse-emulator.sourceforge.net/ website])

== Other and Multiplatform ==
* [[Daphne]] (open source, LaserDisc, [http://www.daphne-emu.com/site3/index_hi.php website])
* [[GXemul]] (open source, generic, [http://gxemul.sourceforge.net/ website])
* [[MESS]] (source available, multiple home computers and other computers, [http://www.mess.org/ website])
** [[JSMESS]] (in-browser Javascript implementation of MESS, [http://jsmess.textfiles.com/ try it online])
* [[Hercules]] (open source, System/370, ESRA/390, z/ARCH, [http://www.hercules-390.org/ website])
* [[QEMU]] (open source, generic, [http://www.qemu.org/ website])
* [[KEEP]] - Keeping Emulation Environments Portable (open source, generic, [http://www.keep-project.eu/ezpub2/index.php website])
** [[Emulation Framework]] ([http://emuframework.sourceforge.net/ SourceForge site])
** [[TOTEM]] - Trustworthy Online Technical Environment Metadata Database
* [[SIMH]] (open source, multi-system, [http://simh.trailing-edge.com/ website])

[[Category:Emulation]]
[[Category:Software]]

Serialization

2014-05-16T10:36:52Z

Darkstar: add pickle (Python 2 object serialization)

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|thiscat=Serialization
|image=cereal_loops.jpg
|caption=No, I said ''serial'', idiot.
}}

* [[Bencode]] (used by BitTorrent)
* [[DER]] (Distinguished Encoding Rules)
* [[IWA]] (Apple iWork serialization; .iwa)
* [[JSON]] (.json)
* [[Microsoft XNA Compiled Format]] (.xnb)
* [[Property List]] (.plist)
* [[Protobuf]] (a Google format also used within IWA)
* [[YAML]] (.yaml)
* [[Pickle]] (Python 2)

== See Also ==
* [[Text-based data]]
* [[Metaformats]]
* [[Databases]]

DDI

2014-03-23T20:41:18Z

Darkstar: more info

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Disk Image Formats
|extensions={{ext|ddi}}
}}

==Overview==
'''DDI''' is a sector-based disk image format created with the DiskDupe program. The files are probably not the same as the DDI files commonly found and used in some MSX emulators.

There is a Pascal program floating around the internet which includes source code and can convert DDI files to raw sector dumps. It is called '''DOSIMG''' and can be found mainly on various Chinese websites<ref>http://download.pchome.net/system/disk/down-13054-1.html</ref><ref>http://roy.orz.hm/soft/DOSIMG.zip</ref>. However, the program works only on DOS formatted disk images, as it relies on reading the BPB from the boot sector.

==References==
<references/>

Disk Image Formats

2014-03-23T20:36:26Z

Darkstar: /* PC (DOS/Windows) */ DDI is DiskDupe

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|thiscat=Disk Image Formats
|image=Selanit floppy disk download icon.png
}}

[[Filesystem]]s and other file formats described on this page's parent page describe entities that exist on disks as they would normally be used.

However, there are also file formats that allow a physical disk (or tape or other medium) to be "imaged" into a file, either to be re-copied onto a physical disk later, or else used by an *emulator* of the computer system that would have originally used that sort of media.

These file formats represent a data image of one of the physical floppy disk (etc.) formats. In addition to the raw data from the disk/tape/etc, these formats may contain metadata that the corresponding emulator environment uses to correctly access the data.

Typically, when archiving a physical disk for later use, a physical disk will be imaged into one of these file formats. Sub-pages of this page should contain information on the format itself as well as instructions on how to extract a physical disk into that disk image format, including information about what physical drives are required, what software to use and how and what OS that is run under.

See also [[ROM and memory images]] for images of memory, and [[Floppy disk]]s for the physical floppies. See [[Archiving]] for archive and backup formats that are filesystem-based rather than raw-sector-based. See [[Filesystem]] for the filesystems.

==Floppy Disk Image Formats==
Images created directly from floppy disks.
===Generic Sector Images===

====Acorn====

* [[Acorn Archimedes Disk Image]]

====Amiga====

* [[ADF (Amiga)]]
* [[Disk Imploder]] (Amiga) (.dmp, .dex)
* [[Disk Masher System]] (Amiga) (.dms)

====Amstrad====

* [[DSK (CPCEMU)]], used for Amstrad and related disks (typically 3" disks)

====APF Imagination Machine====

* [[APD]] (APF Imagination Machine emulated disk) (.apd)

====Apple II series====

* [[Apple Disk Image]] (Apple II disk image with header) (.2mg)
* [[DART]] (Apple)
* [[Disk Copy 4.2]] (Apple)
* [[Disk Copy 6]] (Apple)
* [[DSK (Apple II)]], used for Apple II disks (typically 5.25" disks)
* [[Nibblized disk image]] (.nib), an Apple II disk image format that works for copy-protected disks

====Atari====

* [[ATR]] (SIO2PC)
* [[DCM]] (Disk Communicator)
* [[DI]] (800XL DJ emulator)
* [[DIM]] (F-Copy)
* [[MSA (Magic Shadow Archiver)]]
* [[PRO]] (APE ProSystem)
* [[SCP]] (Spartados)
* [[ST disk image]]
* [[STT]] (STEEM)
* [[XFD]] (Xformer)

====Commodore 64/128====

* [[C64 Nibbler Format]] (.nib) (created by mnib)
* [[D64]] and its variants (D71, D81, all with optional error information) from the C64
* [[G64]] C64 raw (GCR coded) disk image

====Macintosh====

* [[Apple Disk Image]] (MacOS or OS X disk image with header) (.dmg, .smi, .img)

====PC (DOS/Windows)====

* [[FDI]] (Formatted Disk Image)
* [[IMA]]
* [[IMD]] (ImageDisk)
* [[TD0]] (TeleDisk)
* [[IMG]] (HD-Copy disk image)
* [[DDI]] (DiskDupe image file)

====Tandy====

* [[DMK]]
* [[JV1/JV3]]

====Misc.====

* [[DiscFerret floppy image]] (.dfi)
* [[Famicom Disk System]] (.fds)
* [[MESS floppy image]] (.mfi)
* [[Pasopia disk image]] (.d88)
* [[Raw disk image]] (.img) (ie, created with dd)

===Physical (Hardware) Images===

* [[DRAFT]] (Software Preservation Society intermediate format)
* [[IPF]] (Software Preservation Society image format)

==Optical Disc Image Formats==
CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, BluRay, GD-ROM etc.

* [[BWI]] (BlindWrite Image File)
* [[CDI]] (Disc Juggler)
* [[CloneCD Control File]] (.ccd, .img, .sub)
* [[CUE and BIN]]
* [[DDP]] (Disc Description Protocol)
* [[DMG]] (Apple)
* [[ISO image]] (.iso)
* [[ISZ]]
* [[MDF and MDS]]
* [[NRG]] (Nero Burning ROM)

==Hard Disk Image Formats==

* [[HDV (disk image)|HDV]]

==Virtual Machine Disks and Virtualization Image Formats==
* [[OVF (Open Virtualization Format)]]
* [[qcow]] (QEMU)
* [[VDI]] (Virtual Disk Image) (VirtualBox) (.vdi)
* [[VHD (Virtual Hard Disk)]] (Microsoft) (.vhd)
* [[VMDK]] (Virtual Machine Disk) (VMWare) (.vmdk)

==Tape Image Formats==

* [[APT]] (APF Imagination Machine emulated tape, logical bits) (.apt)
* [[APW]] (APF Imagination Machine emulated tape, raw audio) (.apw)
* [[CAS (Atari)|CAS]] (Atari; Digital Cassette Image system)
* [[PZX]] (ZX Spectrum)
* [[TAP (ZX Spectrum)]]
* [[Tap file]] (contains data from Commodore data cassette)
* [[TZX]] (ZX Spectrum)
* [[Unified Emulator Format]] (UEF; also does Acorn disks and ROMs)

==Unknown==
* [[lbl]] See here for details: [http://classiccmp.org/pipermail/cctalk/2012-December/326747.html http://classiccmp.org/pipermail/cctalk/2012-December/326747.html]

==Tools==
* [[The Sleuth Kit and Autopsy]] can read raw, Expert Witness, and AFF formats
* [http://www.winimage.com/ WinImage] to read, write and create images, also lots of info

See also [[Disk Imaging Software & Systems]], and [[Forensics and Law Enforcement]].

DDI

2014-03-23T20:31:13Z

Darkstar: /* Overview */ small update

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Disk Image Formats
|extensions={{ext|ddi}}
}}

==Overview==
'''DDI''' is a sector-based disk image format.

There is a Pascal program floating around the internet which includes source code and can convert DDI files to raw sector dumps. It is called '''DOSIMG''' and can be found mainly on various Chinese websites<ref>http://download.pchome.net/system/disk/down-13054-1.html</ref><ref>http://roy.orz.hm/soft/DOSIMG.zip</ref>. However, the program works only on DOS formatted disk images, as it relies on reading the BPB from the boot sector.

==References==
<references/>

DDI

2014-03-23T20:20:54Z

Darkstar: initial version

IMG (DOSIMG)

2014-03-23T20:19:14Z

Darkstar: first version

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Disk Image Formats
|extensions={{ext|img}}
}}

==Overview==
'''IMG''' is an RLE-compressed sector-based disk image format probably used by the DOS program HD-Copy and/or others. It should not be confused with raw image files (sector dumps).

There is a Pascal program floating around the internet which includes source code and can convert these IMG files to raw sector dumps. It is called '''DOSIMG''' and can be found mainly on various Chinese websites<ref>http://download.pchome.net/system/disk/down-13054-1.html</ref><ref>http://roy.orz.hm/soft/DOSIMG.zip</ref>

==Format description==
{|
!align="left"|byte
!align="left"|description
|-
|0
|last track on the original disk (either 39 or 79)
|-
|1
|number of sectors per track
|-
|2-166
|one byte for each track, 0x01 if the track is included in the file, 0x00 otherwise (empty/unformatted)
|-
|colspan="2"|For each track:
|-
|2 bytes
|compressed size of this track, little-endian, not including this size field but including the next byte
|-
|1 byte
|the escape-byte for the RLE coding
|-
|n-1 bytes
|The actual sector data, RLE compressed. Should uncompress to at most num_sectors * 512 bytes, rest is filled with zero.
Each byte is copied 1:1 to the output buffer, except when the escape-byte is encountered. Then, the next 2 bytes specify a byte-value and a count-value. To uncompress, copy the first byte after the escape-byte as many times as the second byte implies to the output buffer.
|}

==References==
<references/>

Disk Image Formats

2014-03-23T20:05:25Z

Darkstar: /* PC (DOS/Windows) */ add two more image file formats

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|thiscat=Disk Image Formats
|image=Selanit floppy disk download icon.png
}}

[[Filesystem]]s and other file formats described on this page's parent page describe entities that exist on disks as they would normally be used.

However, there are also file formats that allow a physical disk (or tape or other medium) to be "imaged" into a file, either to be re-copied onto a physical disk later, or else used by an *emulator* of the computer system that would have originally used that sort of media.

These file formats represent a data image of one of the physical floppy disk (etc.) formats. In addition to the raw data from the disk/tape/etc, these formats may contain metadata that the corresponding emulator environment uses to correctly access the data.

Typically, when archiving a physical disk for later use, a physical disk will be imaged into one of these file formats. Sub-pages of this page should contain information on the format itself as well as instructions on how to extract a physical disk into that disk image format, including information about what physical drives are required, what software to use and how and what OS that is run under.

See also [[ROM and memory images]] for images of memory, and [[Floppy disk]]s for the physical floppies. See [[Archiving]] for archive and backup formats that are filesystem-based rather than raw-sector-based. See [[Filesystem]] for the filesystems.

==Floppy Disk Image Formats==
Images created directly from floppy disks.
===Generic Sector Images===

====Acorn====

* [[Acorn Archimedes Disk Image]]

====Amiga====

* [[ADF (Amiga)]]
* [[Disk Imploder]] (Amiga) (.dmp, .dex)
* [[Disk Masher System]] (Amiga) (.dms)

====Amstrad====

* [[DSK (CPCEMU)]], used for Amstrad and related disks (typically 3" disks)

====APF Imagination Machine====

* [[APD]] (APF Imagination Machine emulated disk) (.apd)

====Apple II series====

* [[Apple Disk Image]] (Apple II disk image with header) (.2mg)
* [[DART]] (Apple)
* [[Disk Copy 4.2]] (Apple)
* [[Disk Copy 6]] (Apple)
* [[DSK (Apple II)]], used for Apple II disks (typically 5.25" disks)
* [[Nibblized disk image]] (.nib), an Apple II disk image format that works for copy-protected disks

====Atari====

* [[ATR]] (SIO2PC)
* [[DCM]] (Disk Communicator)
* [[DI]] (800XL DJ emulator)
* [[DIM]] (F-Copy)
* [[MSA (Magic Shadow Archiver)]]
* [[PRO]] (APE ProSystem)
* [[SCP]] (Spartados)
* [[ST disk image]]
* [[STT]] (STEEM)
* [[XFD]] (Xformer)

====Commodore 64/128====

* [[C64 Nibbler Format]] (.nib) (created by mnib)
* [[D64]] and its variants (D71, D81, all with optional error information) from the C64
* [[G64]] C64 raw (GCR coded) disk image

====Macintosh====

* [[Apple Disk Image]] (MacOS or OS X disk image with header) (.dmg, .smi, .img)

====PC (DOS/Windows)====

* [[FDI]] (Formatted Disk Image)
* [[IMA]]
* [[IMD]] (ImageDisk)
* [[TD0]] (TeleDisk)
* [[IMG]] (HD-Copy disk image)
* [[DDI]]

====Tandy====

* [[DMK]]
* [[JV1/JV3]]

====Misc.====

* [[DiscFerret floppy image]] (.dfi)
* [[Famicom Disk System]] (.fds)
* [[MESS floppy image]] (.mfi)
* [[Pasopia disk image]] (.d88)
* [[Raw disk image]] (.img) (ie, created with dd)

===Physical (Hardware) Images===

* [[DRAFT]] (Software Preservation Society intermediate format)
* [[IPF]] (Software Preservation Society image format)

==Optical Disc Image Formats==
CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, BluRay, GD-ROM etc.

* [[BWI]] (BlindWrite Image File)
* [[CDI]] (Disc Juggler)
* [[CloneCD Control File]] (.ccd, .img, .sub)
* [[CUE and BIN]]
* [[DDP]] (Disc Description Protocol)
* [[DMG]] (Apple)
* [[ISO image]] (.iso)
* [[ISZ]]
* [[MDF and MDS]]
* [[NRG]] (Nero Burning ROM)

==Hard Disk Image Formats==

* [[HDV (disk image)|HDV]]

==Virtual Machine Disks and Virtualization Image Formats==
* [[OVF (Open Virtualization Format)]]
* [[qcow]] (QEMU)
* [[VDI]] (Virtual Disk Image) (VirtualBox) (.vdi)
* [[VHD (Virtual Hard Disk)]] (Microsoft) (.vhd)
* [[VMDK]] (Virtual Machine Disk) (VMWare) (.vmdk)

==Tape Image Formats==

* [[APT]] (APF Imagination Machine emulated tape, logical bits) (.apt)
* [[APW]] (APF Imagination Machine emulated tape, raw audio) (.apw)
* [[CAS (Atari)|CAS]] (Atari; Digital Cassette Image system)
* [[PZX]] (ZX Spectrum)
* [[TAP (ZX Spectrum)]]
* [[Tap file]] (contains data from Commodore data cassette)
* [[TZX]] (ZX Spectrum)
* [[Unified Emulator Format]] (UEF; also does Acorn disks and ROMs)

==Unknown==
* [[lbl]] See here for details: [http://classiccmp.org/pipermail/cctalk/2012-December/326747.html http://classiccmp.org/pipermail/cctalk/2012-December/326747.html]

==Tools==
* [[The Sleuth Kit and Autopsy]] can read raw, Expert Witness, and AFF formats
* [http://www.winimage.com/ WinImage] to read, write and create images, also lots of info

See also [[Disk Imaging Software & Systems]], and [[Forensics and Law Enforcement]].

Talk:PRONOM

2013-11-14T16:27:59Z

Darkstar: purpose of PRONOM?

==purpose?==
I'm still wondering what the purpose of PRONOM is. For me it just looks like a list of new identifiers (fmt/xxx) for MIME types. It doesn't show any useful information besides that (okay, for some files it contains signatures), it looks like it's nothing more than the file(1) database with a fancy web GUI (and these made-up identifiers). It even lists obvious compressed formats as "Compression:none". Can someone enlighten me on what I'm missing here? Are there any formats in there where the "Documentation", "Compression", Encoding" etc. tabs show up anything other than "none"? --[[User:Darkstar|Darkstar]] ([[User talk:Darkstar|talk]]) 16:27, 14 November 2013 (UTC)

GIF

2013-11-08T11:51:23Z

Darkstar: /* Known application extensions */ fix link to fractint source code

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|gif}}
|mimetypes={{mimetype|image/gif}}
|locfdd={{LoCFDD|fdd000133}}
|pronom={{PRONOM|fmt/3}}<br>{{PRONOM|fmt/4}}
|released=1987
}}
'''Graphics Interchange Format''' ('''GIF''') was introduced by the CompuServe online service in 1987, intended to provide a consistent and compact format for graphics to be downloaded on that service. Since the specifications were openly released, the format gained wide use in graphics software and on online services and bulletin board systems (BBSs), not just CompuServe; later it became a major Web graphic format. GIF's ability to have animation (unlike most still graphic formats) has caused it to gain some Internet notoriety and use in conjunction with "memes".

== Patents ==
In 1994, it became widely known that the format was encumbered by the use of the patent-protected [[LZW]] compression technology, for which its owner, Unisys, was demanding licencing terms and royalties for certain sorts of uses. This made GIF a less-than-free format, spurring a desire on the part of some people for an unencumbered format, which led to the creation of the [[PNG]] format. However, it took several years for PNG to get widespread support in software, and in the meantime the World Wide Web experienced meteoric growth with GIF still used as the primary graphics format (alongside [[JPEG]]), though eventually PNG did become widespread on the Web as well. The patent in question expired in the US in 2003, and in other countries in 2004, so it is no longer an issue.

Another attempt at a patent-free format to replace GIF, [[Jeff's Image Format]] (JIF), never caught on.

== Pronunciation ==
People argue a lot over whether to pronounce "GIF" with a hard or a soft G. Both pronunciations are acceptable to the Oxford American Dictionaries, which named it the word of the year<ref>[http://www.poynter.org/latest-news/mediawire/195430/gif-as-a-verb-is-dictionarys-word-of-the-year/ GIF (as a verb) is dictionary’s word of the year]</ref> in 2012, in its supposed usage as a verb (which they don't seem to actually use in a sentence anywhere in their announcement). Pedants say that the hard "g" is proper due to it standing for "graphics", which has a hard "g", but others cite the normal English pattern of pronouncing "g" soft when followed by an "i" (though, like most English spelling and pronunciation rules, it has exceptions like "gift"). The peanut-butter brand Jif, with its slogan "Choosy moms choose Jif", may also have some influence in the soft-pronunciation direction (though it is actually spelled with a "J"). Finally in 2013, the creator of GIF came out publicly in favor of the soft-G pronunciation, but even that didn't end the debate.<ref>[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/05/22/gif-pronunciation_n_3319345.html Even GIF Creator Can't Settle The Debate On The Pronunciation Of 'GIF']</ref>

== Animated GIF ==
Unlike most other graphic formats, GIF supports multiple-frame animated graphics in addition to single-image graphics. These animated GIFs are often used on web pages, sometimes for good reasons, sometimes as a poor man's video format, and all too often (especially during the early wave of Web popularity) to animate clip art and other images that would be better left motionless. In the 2010s, the use of animated GIFs for spreading Internet memes had a sudden and intense burst of popularity, and could sometimes be used in a very artistic manner.

The GIF features used for animation seem to have been intended for slideshows, and not for the type of animation they came to be used for. In fact, the specification clearly states that "[GIF] is not intended as a platform for animation." The only missing element – a loop count – was supplied by Netscape's ''looping extension'' (see below).

== Versions ==
=== Version 87a ===
The original version, released 1987-06-15. As a reference point, it supports:
* Multiple images in a single file
* Interlaced images
* Background colors
* Extensions, but each extension would have to be approved by CompuServe in order to avoid conflicts

=== Version 89a ===
Released 1990-07-31. Adds support for:
* Binary transparency
* Animation, though there is no way to indicate whether the animation should loop
* Application extensions that don't require central coordination
* Comment extensions
* Plain Text extensions (an obsolete feature)

=== Other versions ===
There are no other official GIF version numbers.

[[Jeff's Image Format]] is a GIF-like format identified by '''JIF99a'''. The [[file command]]'s database suggests that GIF-like formats identified by '''GIF94z''' ("ZIF") and '''FGF95a''' ("FGF") were experimented with.

== Color format ==
GIF images are always paletted. The number of colors in a palette can be any power of 2 from 2 to 256.

If a GIF file contains multiple images, each may have its own palette. This makes it possible for animated GIFs to construct frames that exceed the usual limit of 256 colors<ref>[http://phil.ipal.org/tc.html True-Color GIF Example]</ref>. This technique is inefficient, and may result in very large files.

== Format ==
A GIF file has a header (consisting of a signature, a ''screen descriptor'', and optionally a ''global color table''), followed by a sequence of tagged blocks of various types.

Block type 0x21 is an ''extension''. Each extension has a byte indicating its type. GIF version 89a defines extension type 0xff to be an ''application extension'', which can be used to store arbitrary data.

An application extension's specific type is given by an application identifier consisting of exactly 8 ASCII characters, plus a three-byte "authentication code" to reduce the chance of a conflict. In effect, this means it has an 11-byte identifier.

=== Known application extensions ===

* <code>"NETSCAPE" 0x32 0x2e 0x30 ("NETSCAPE2.0")</code>

If the first byte of application data has value 0x01, this is a ''looping extension'' used in animated GIFs. It indicates the number of times to repeat the animation.

If the first byte is not 0x01, the extension is probably of no interest, but apparently at least one such extension was defined (0x02 = Netscape Buffering Extension<ref>[http://www.vurdalakov.net/misc/gif/netscape-buffering-application-extension Netscape Buffering Application Extension]</ref>).

* <code>"ANIMEXTS" 0x31 0x2e 0x30 ("ANIMEXTS1.0")</code>

Same as "NETSCAPE2.0" looping extension.

* <code>"ICCRGBG1" 0x30 0x31 0x32 ("ICCRGBG1012")</code>

Stores an [[ICC profile]].

* <code>"XMP Data" 0x58 0x4d 0x50 ("XMP DataXMP")</code>

Stores [[XMP]] metadata.

* <code>"fractint" ?? ?? ??</code>

Used by the DOS program Fractint to save additional data (fractal parameters). The only documentation about this may be the source code<ref>[http://fractint.net/fractsvn/trunk/fractint/common/encoder.c Fractint source code: encoder.c]</ref>. See also [[FRA (Fractint)|FRA]].

== Identification ==
GIF files begin with ASCII characters "<code>GIF87a</code>" (version 87a), or "<code>GIF89a</code>" (version 89a).

== Specifications ==

* GIF87a
** [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/GIF/spec-gif87.txt Text] (W3C)
** [http://web.archive.org/web/20100929230301/http://www.etsimo.uniovi.es/gifanim/gif87a.txt Text] (Stanford)
** [http://www.textfiles.com/programming/FORMATS/gif.txt Text] (textfiles.com)
* GIF89a
** [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/GIF/spec-gif89a.txt Text] (W3C)
** [http://www.textfiles.com/programming/FORMATS/gif89a.txt Text] (textfiles.com)
** [http://odur.let.rug.nl/~kleiweg/gif/GIF89a.html HTML] (rug.nl)
* [http://www.vurdalakov.net/misc/gif/netscape-looping-application-extension Netscape Looping Application Extension]
* [http://odur.let.rug.nl/~kleiweg/gif/netscape.html GIF Application Extension: NETSCAPE2.0] ([http://web.archive.org/web/20130317195536/http://odur.let.rug.nl/~kleiweg/gif/netscape.html alternate link] from archive.org)

== Software ==
Support for GIF is ubiquitous. The software listed here has been arbitrarily selected.
* [http://giflib.sourceforge.net/ GIFLIB]
* [http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/ Netpbm]: ppmtogif, pamtogif, giftopnm
* [https://github.com/nategri/apple2/tree/master/animation_2color Animated GIF converter/player for Apple II series] ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OYiPmqjFEqQ Video] of it in action)

== File conversions ==
* [http://gfycat.com/ gfycat: Convert GIFs to HTML 5 video]
* [http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/sha/gifpop-custom-gif-cards-for-everyone Custom lenticular-printed cards from animated GIFs]

== References ==
<references/>

== External links ==
* [[Wikipedia:Graphics Interchange Format]]
* [http://www.matthewflickinger.com/lab/whatsinagif/ What's in a GIF]
* [http://www.theimage.com/animation/toc/toc.html Gifology: Understanding GIF Files & GIF Animation]
* [http://web.archive.org/web/20100929231133/http://www.etsimo.uniovi.es/gifanim/gifabout.htm All About GIF89a]
* [http://apple2.org.za/gswv/a2zine/GS.WorldView/Resources/The.MacShrinkIt.Project/ARCHIVES.TXT Archive format info, including GIF]
* [http://blog.oup.com/2012/11/oxford-dictionaries-usa-word-of-the-year-2012-gif/ GIF is Oxford Dictionary Word Of 2012]
* [http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/05/21/an-honor-for-the-creator-of-the-gif/ An honor for the creator of the GIF]
* [http://scarygoround.com/?date=20130822 This web comic], part of a time-travel storyline, has a schoolgirl sleuth likening a time-looped version of 1960 at the other end of a wormhole to an animated GIF. (Not too much info about file formats here, but a neat comic!)
* [http://thestoryofgif.com/post/59659280472/if-youd-like-to-watch-the-16-minute-presentation The Story of GIF (video)]
* [https://github.com/LindseyB/starwars-dot-gif Python script to generate GIFs from Star Wars based on input dialogue line]

LNX

2013-10-29T11:25:10Z

Darkstar: initial info

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Compression
|extensions={{ext|lnx}}
}}

'''LyNX''' is a compression format commonly used on the C64 to compress multiple files into one single archive.

== Links ==
* [http://ist.uwaterloo.ca/~schepers/formats/LNX.TXT Description] of the file format
* Compression and decompression programs [http://www.zimmers.net/anonftp/pub/cbm/c64/archivers/index.html here]

Compression

2013-10-29T11:21:30Z

Darkstar: /* Specific file formats/programs */ add LyNX

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|thiscat=Compression
|image=Vise.png
}}

== Stream compression formats ==

A stream format takes a stream of bytes, and outputs a different, hopefully smaller, stream of bytes. These compression formats are often used internally in other data structures to compress data, as well as in network protocols, such as http. Used stand-alone, a stream compression format does not offer archiving capability, however in the UNIX doctrine, an archiver like [[tar]] can be combined with an archive format to produce a proper compressed archive.

== Compression in general ==

(including specific implementations used in multiple formats)

* [[Arithmetic coding]]
* [[DEFLATE]]
* [[Huffman coding]]
* [[Lempel-Ziv]]
* [[LZ4]]
* [[LZ77]]
* [[LZ78]]
* [[LZMA]]
* [[LZMA2]]
* [[LZSS]] (Lempel–Ziv–Storer–Szymanski)
* [[LZW]]
* [[Run-length encoding]]
* [[zlib]]

== Specific file formats/programs ==

* [[7z]]
* [[9CDR]] (Amiga FileImploder Clone)
* [[BARF]] (.x, .x??)
* [[bzip]] (.bz)
* [[bzip2]] (.bz2)
* [[compress]] (.Z)
* [[CrLZH]] (.?y?)
* [[CRN]] (.crn) - compressed text files used for PC-Write manual
* [[Crunch]] (.?z?)
* [[DiskDoubler]]
* [[DUPA]] (Amiga FileImploder Clone)
* [[Error Code Modeler]] (.ecm)
* [[File Imploder]] (Amiga) (.imp)
* [[Freeze/Melt]] (Unix) (.F)
* [[gzip]] (.gz)
* [[Inflate]] (.infl) - parody format that actually increases size
* [[JCalG1]] (.jc, Commodore Amiga)
* [[LNX]] (.lnx) Commodore 64 LyNX compression
* [[lrzip]] (.lrz)
* [[Lzip]] (.lz)
* [[LZMA Alone|LZMA_Alone]] (.lzma)
* [[lzop]] (.lzo)
* [[LZX]]
* [[MS-DOS installation compression]] (.??_)
* [[pack]] (.z)
* [[RK]] (WinRK)
* [[rzip]] (.rz)
* [[Softdisk Text Compressor]] (.ctx)
* [[Squash (RISC OS)|Squash]] - single file compression on RISC OS
* [[Squeeze|Squeeze/SQ]] (.?q?)
* [[TTComp archive]]
* [[tzip]]
* [[Tzip (Text ZIP)]]
* [[XZ]] (.xz)

== See also ==

* [[Archiving]] (for formats that place multiple files together in one file, with or without compression)
* [[Graphics#Compression|Graphics]] (for image-specific compression)
* [[Video]] (for video-specific compression)
* [[Audio and Music]] (for audio-specific compression)

ARJ

2013-10-28T17:37:12Z

Darkstar: update link

{{FormatInfo
|subcat=Archiving
|extensions={{ext|arj}}
}}

==Overview==
ARJ was one of the leading compression tools during the nineties. While it was a bit slower than PkZIP, it sported many more options, some of which were unique during that time (archives over multiple disks/volumes, finetuning of the compression algorithms used based on the data that was being compressed, recovery records to recover from simple transmission errors, etc.)

==Resources==
* official homepage of ARJ software[http://www.arjsoftware.com/]
* Wikipedia page on ARJ[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARJ]
* Page on fileformat.info[http://www.fileformat.info/format/arj/corion.htm]
* Another, slightly more verbose, file format description[http://farmanager.com/svn/trunk/plugins/multiarc/arc.doc/arj.txt](apparently moved [http://farmanager.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/plugins/multiarc/arc.doc/arj.txt here])
* Open-Source implementation of an ARJ compressor/decompressor[http://arj.sourceforge.net/]

LISP

2013-10-22T10:27:05Z

Darkstar:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=Languages
|subcat=Programming Languages
}}

'''LISP''' (LISt Processing) is a programming language dating back to 1958; only [[FORTRAN]] is older among programming languages still in use.

It's known as "the programming language with all the parentheses" due to its syntax consisting of deeply nested structures, the so-called S-Expressions. (This attribute is shared by [[TRAC programming language]], but LISP is better-known, as well as [[Scheme]], which started as an effort to formalize and standardize LISP and later led to the "Common LISP" variant of LISP.) LISP treats everything as a list which can be manipulated by its operators, including LISP commands themselves, so programs are able to be self-modifying.

Some of its cryptically-named operators, such as '''car''' (for the first element of a list) and '''cdr''' (for the remainder of the list), derive from the particulars of the register structure of the original computer it was implemented on (where these operators stand for "contents of address register" and "contents of decrement register").

== References ==

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisp_%28programming_language%29 LISP (Wikipedia)]
* [http://blog.nullspace.io/apple-2-lisp-part-1.html Turning the Apple //e into a lisp machine]

LISP

2013-10-22T10:25:34Z

Darkstar: LISP -> Scheme -> Common LISP

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=Languages
|subcat=Programming Languages
}}

'''LISP''' (LISt Processing) is a programming language dating back to 1958; only [[FORTRAN]] is older among programming languages still in use.

It's known as "the programming language with all the parentheses" due to its syntax consisting of deeply nested structures. (This attribute is shared by [[TRAC programming language]], but LISP is better-known, as well as [[Scheme]], which started as an effort to formalize and standardize LISP and later led to the "Common LISP" variant of LISP.) LISP treats everything as a list which can be manipulated by its operators, including LISP commands themselves, so programs are able to be self-modifying.

Some of its cryptically-named operators, such as '''car''' (for the first element of a list) and '''cdr''' (for the remainder of the list), derive from the particulars of the register structure of the original computer it was implemented on (where these operators stand for "contents of address register" and "contents of decrement register").

== References ==

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisp_%28programming_language%29 LISP (Wikipedia)]
* [http://blog.nullspace.io/apple-2-lisp-part-1.html Turning the Apple //e into a lisp machine]

Scheme

2013-10-13T21:19:54Z

Darkstar: /* Links */ add links to more resources

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=Languages
|subcat=Programming Languages
}}
'''[[Scheme]]''' is a dialect of [[LISP]] which attempts to keep the semantics clean and simple with few divergent ways to express something (which is a diametrically opposite tack to [[Perl]], which prides itself in having "more than one way to do anything").

== Links ==
* [http://groups.csail.mit.edu/mac/projects/scheme/ MIT Scheme page]
* Current version of the Scheme standard, [http://www.r6rs.org/ R6RS]
* Previous version of the Scheme standard: [http://www.schemers.org/Documents/Standards/R5RS/ R5RS]
* Working groups and drafts for the next version of the Scheme standard, R7RS, [http://scheme-reports.org/ here]
* List of Scheme resources, papers and implementations [http://www.schemers.org]
* Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs (aka. "The Scheme Bible") available [http://mitpress.mit.edu/sicp/ here] (based on R5RS)

ARJ

2013-10-10T20:07:25Z

Darkstar: /* Resources */ add another file format description page

{{FormatInfo
|subcat=Archiving
|extensions={{ext|arj}}
}}

==Overview==
ARJ was one of the leading compression tools during the nineties. While it was a bit slower than PkZIP, it sported many more options, some of which were unique during that time (archives over multiple disks/volumes, finetuning of the compression algorithms used based on the data that was being compressed, recovery records to recover from simple transmission errors, etc.)

==Resources==
* official homepage of ARJ software[http://www.arjsoftware.com/]
* Wikipedia page on ARJ[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARJ]
* Page on fileformat.info[http://www.fileformat.info/format/arj/corion.htm]
* Another, slightly more verbose, file format description[http://farmanager.com/svn/trunk/plugins/multiarc/arc.doc/arj.txt]
* Open-Source implementation of an ARJ compressor/decompressor[http://arj.sourceforge.net/]

Microsoft Compound File

2013-06-30T15:59:24Z

Darkstar: add information about the old (inofficial) name "LAOLA"

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Document
|pronom={{PRONOM|fmt/111}}
}}
'''Microsoft Compound File''' is a complex container format used by some versions of Microsoft Office, and other Microsoft applications. It has features similar to those of a [[filesystem]] format.

It is also known as '''Compound File Binary File Format''' ('''CFBF''' or '''CFB'''), '''Microsoft Compound Document File Format''', '''OLE Compound Document Format''', '''OLE2 Compound Document Format''', etc.

The format was not publicly documented by Microsoft until 2008.

It is (or was?) inofficially known as ''LAOLA File Format''.

== Identification ==
Files begin with signature bytes <code>D0 CF 11 E0 A1 B1 1A E1</code>.

== Specifications ==
* [http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd942138.aspx MSDN: Compound File Binary File Format] → [MS-CFB] PDF
* [http://www.openoffice.org/sc/compdocfileformat.pdf OpenOffice.org's documentation]

== Links ==
* [[Wikipedia:Compound File Binary Format|Wikipedia article]]
* [http://www.joelonsoftware.com/items/2008/02/19.html Joel on Software: Why are the Microsoft Office file formats so complicated?]
* Some (older) reverse engineered information [http://stuff.mit.edu/afs/athena/astaff/project/mimeutils/share/laola/guide.html here] and a Perl module [http://stuff.mit.edu/afs/athena/astaff/project/mimeutils/share/laola/laola.pl here]

== Editors' notes ==
TODO: Explain the relationship between Compound File format and the format/technology called '''COM Structured Storage''' (or '''OLE Structured Storage''').

[[Category:Microsoft]]

Talk:DOS executable (.com)

2013-05-21T18:35:16Z

Darkstar: /* fixed vs relative addressing? */

== fixed vs relative addressing? ==

re ''They can only use relative adressing'' - in 8086 mode, a memory address is either
- relative within a segment,
- absolute within a segment
- absolute including a segment address

While it is unknown what segment a given COM file will be loaded into, it IS known (as specified) that it will be loaded from offset 0x100 into that segment. So intra-segment absolute addressing is perfectly valid. [[User talk:jonnosan|jonnosan]] 8:26 21 May 2013(UTC)

:That's true, the wording could be made slightly clearer. It's not relative vs. absolute addressing itself which is the problem. Relative and "intra-segment absolute" addressing differ only in the instruction opcode used, which the assembler chooses on its own, without the programmer specifying it. Of course, absolute references to fixed segments (c000:0, b800:0, etc.) are also possible in COM files. Feel free to rephrase it :) -[[User:Darkstar|Darkstar]] ([[User talk:Darkstar|talk]]) 18:35, 21 May 2013 (UTC)

== compressed executable vs commandline program ==

Thanks for fixing the initial page. My source, a paper about the file utility mentioned .com files being compressed executables. Guess I should cite more... [[User:Maurice.de.rooij|Maurice.de.rooij]] ([[User talk:Maurice.de.rooij|talk]]) 07:28, 6 December 2012 (UTC)
* [http://scholar.google.nl/scholar?cluster=7943745569952873113 Extensions of the UNIX File Command and Magic File for File Type Identification]
:Ah, yes, that seems a bit wrong (unless they talk about some other, specific COM file). I wanted to add COM some time ago anyway (when I did EXE), but it somehow got lost due to my being busy recently. I just happened to notice it in the "recent changes" and fixed it. On some unrelated note, why can't we delete (or move/rename) any pages? There are a few now that are blanked because they were moved. Is delete/move only for administrators? --[[User:Darkstar|Darkstar]] ([[User talk:Darkstar|talk]]) 17:22, 6 December 2012 (UTC)
::"Move" exists in the pull-down menu to the right of "View history". I think "Delete" is reserved for admins, though. [[User:Dan Tobias|Dan Tobias]] ([[User talk:Dan Tobias|talk]]) 18:16, 6 December 2012 (UTC)
:: There seems not to exist such thing as compressed executable COM file, after an extensive search on the Google. Because the source was a university paper, I wrongly assumed that it didnt need verification. Another lesson learned... [[User:Maurice.de.rooij|Maurice.de.rooij]] ([[User talk:Maurice.de.rooij|talk]]) 18:37, 6 December 2012 (UTC)
::: Ah, indeed, I didn't see the "move" up there. Could have made my editing a bit more transparent. --[[User:Darkstar|Darkstar]] ([[User talk:Darkstar|talk]]) 22:22, 6 December 2012 (UTC)

Talk:Graphics

2012-12-21T18:58:13Z

Darkstar:

in this list (http://justsolve.archiveteam.org/index.php/Graphics) JPG is listed as a BMP format. I would argue its not a bit mapped image format. Raster yes, bmp no....

:Does 'Raster' need to be a separate category then? [[User:Dan Tobias|Dan Tobias]] ([[User talk:Dan Tobias|talk]]) 07:36, 12 November 2012 (UTC)

:Is this distinction (which I understand from a technical point of view, I should add) really relevant enough to warrant a separate category? Perhaps the solution is to rename the whole category to raster graphics formats? --[[User:Nitro2k01|Nitro2k01]] ([[User talk:Nitro2k01|talk]]) 12:41, 12 November 2012 (UTC)

:I'd support renaming category to Raster. [[User:swanQ|swanQ]]

:: Done. -- [[User:Rhetoric X|Rhetoric X]] ([[User talk:Rhetoric X|talk]]) 19:40, 12 November 2012 (UTC)

== (JPEG2000 code stream) ==

I've moved this into 'raster' (from unclassified).
Argument: if its a the graphics aspect we care about its a raster image, if its the code stream, it might actually be a data object, not graphics.

== Container formats - does they belong here? ==
e.g. PDF, RIFF<p>
Argument: its a container/structure format, not a graphics format. If PDF belongs, why not MS DOC, or .RAR?<br> 2nd Argument (PDF): If it does belong here, is it raster or vector? I would suggest that it 'vectors' the objects, which themselves are raster/vector (not sure PDF supports the embedding of vector types?)
:I think the short answer is something like "if in doubt, put it in both categories". There's no harm having both "Document Formats" and "Graphics Formats" linking to PDF, for example --[[User:Darkstar|Darkstar]] ([[User talk:Darkstar|talk]]) 09:31, 21 November 2012 (UTC)

== what about 'straddling' formats? ==

PNG and PS could be argued into either or both camps. PS files are output as raster objects, but contained inside the file object as vector objects (as I understand it..) and I think PNG is in a similar position. Are we classifying the input or output object...
:PS/EPS/PDF etc. are vector formats. The fact that they are displayed as raster on screen (or on a printer) is a limitation of the hardware and has nothing to do with the format. PNG are raster formats. The only "ambiguous" formats that might be open to discussion are those that can have raster and vector layers inside the same file (e.g. PSD) --[[User:Darkstar|Darkstar]] ([[User talk:Darkstar|talk]]) 09:30, 21 November 2012 (UTC)

==Animated Graphics==
Where is the difference between an "animated image" and a video file? IMHO a simple GIF (or MNG for example) should qualify for "animated image", while FLI, FLC etc. are more of a video format. The line is a bit arbitrary though, as there are good examples of complete "videos" as GIF files, and some video files are nothing more than still image with a bit of animation. --[[User:Darkstar|Darkstar]] ([[User talk:Darkstar|talk]]) 18:58, 21 December 2012 (UTC)

Audio and Music

2012-12-21T18:47:24Z

Darkstar: This page has grown a lot, I think we do need a TOC by now

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|thiscat=Audio and Music
}}

[[Electronic_File_Formats|Electronic Formats]] concerned with audio and musical data, including sound recording, instrument control, musical notation, etc.

== Audio and sequencer software ==

* Ableton
** [[Ableton Live Audio Analysis File]] (.asd)
* Aldrin
** [[Aldrin song]] (.ccm)
* [[AUP]] (Audacity)
* Cakewalk
** [[Cakewalk Project (CWP)]] (.cwp)
** [[Cakewalk Project (WRK)]] (.wrk)
** [[Cakewalk Sample Definition File]] (.sfz)
* [[CPS project]] (.cps)
* FruityLoops / FL Studio
** [[FruityLoops project file]] (.flp)
* [[Garage Band]] (Mac)
* [[Jacker song]]
* Jeskola Buzz
** [[Jeskola Buzz machine]] (.dll)
** [[Jeskola Buzz machine preset]] (.prs)
** [[Jeskola Buzz song]] (.bmx)
* [[LOGIC]] (Logic)
* Piston Collage
** [[Piston Collage noise]] (.ptnoise)
** [[Piston Collage song]] (.ptcop, .pttune)
** [[Piston Collage voice]] (.ptvoice)
* Pro Tools
** [[PTS]] (Pro Tools 7-9)
** [[PTX]] (Pro Tools 10)
* Propellerhead Reason
** [[Propellerhead Reason NN-XT Patch File]] (.sx2)
** [[Propellerhead Reason Reason Project File]] (.rsn)
** [[Propellerhead Reason Reason Song File]](.rns)
** [[Propellerhead Reason REX2 Audio File]] (.rx2)
** [[Propellerhead Reason ReCycle Loop File]] (.rex)
** [[Propellerhead Reason ReFill Sound Bank]] (.rfl)
* SeaTone
** [[SeaTone song]] (.pxt)
* Steinberg
** [[CUBASE]]
*** [[ALL]] - A Steinberg [[CUBASE]] VST file for saving songs (pre 2002).
*** [[ARR]] - A Steinberg [[CUBASE]] VST file for saving arrangements (pre 2002).
*** [[CPR]] - A Steinberg [[CUBASE]] SX file for saving projects (2002 - ).
*** [[NPR]] - A Steinberg [[NUENDO]] file for saving arrangements (2002 - ).
** Wavelab
*** [[MON]] (Audio montage)
* [[SES (Cool Edit / Audition)]] (Cool Edit / Audition Multi Track Session file)

== Audio recording and sound waves ==

* Lossless compression
** [[AAL]] (Lossless variant of ATRAC)
** [[ADA]] (Advanced Digital Audio)
** [[ALAC]] (Apple Lossless Audio Codec)
** [[APAC]] (Marian's A-pac)
** [[Dakx Wav]]
** [[Dolby TrueHD]]
** [[DTS-HD]] (Lossless variant of DTS- DTS-HD Master Audio)
** [[FLAC]] (Free Lossless Audio Codec)
** [[LA]] (Lossless Audio)
** [[LiteWave]]
** [[LPAC]] (Lossless Predictive Audio Coding)
** [[MLP]] (Meridian Lossless Packing Audio)
** [[Monkey's Audio]] (.ape)
** [[MPEG-4 ALS]] (MPEG-4 Audio Lossless Coding)
** [[MPEG-4 SLS]] (MPEG-4 Scalable lossless coding mode)
** [[OptimFROG]] (.ofr, .ofs)
** [[Perfect Clarity Audio]] (.pca)
** [[RALF]] (Real Lossless Audio Codec)
** [[RK Audio]] (.rka)
** [[Shorten]] (.shn)
** [[Sonarc]]
** [[Split2000]]
** [[TAK]] (.tak)
** [[True Audio]] (.tta)
** [[VocPack]]
** [[WavArc]]
** [[WavPack]] (WavPack Lossless)
** [[WavPack v4.0]]
** [[WMA Lossless]] (Windows Media Audio 9 Lossless)
* Lossy compression
** [[AAC]] (Advanced Audio Coding)
** Adaptive differential pulse-code modulation
*** [[ACT]]
*** [[MNF]] (Yamaha ADPCM)
*** [[SPB]] (Yamaha ADPCM)
*** [[VOX]]
** ATRAC or [[Adaptive Transform Acoustic Coding]] (.aa3, .oma, .at3)
** [[Audible Audiobook]] (.aa, .aax)
** [[CELT]] (.ogg)
** [[Dolby Digital]] (AC-3 or ATSC A/52)
** [[Digital Theater Systems]] (.dts)
** [[GSM]] (GSM 6.10 RPE-LTP)
** [[M4A]] (MPEG-4 Audio)
** [[M4B]] (iTunes Audio Book)
** [[M4P]] (Fairplay DRM Encrypted [[M4A]])
** [[M4R]] (Apple iPhone Ringtones - see [[M4A]])
** [[MPC (Musepack)|MP+]] (MPEGplus Audio)
** [[MP1]] (MPEG Audio Layer 1)
** [[MP2]] (MPEG-1 Audio Layer II)
** [[MP3]] (MPEG-1 / MPEG-2 Audio Layer III)
** [[MPA]] (MPEG Audio)
** [[MPC (Musepack)|MPC]] (Musepack Audio, formerly known as MPEGplus)
** [[Opus]] (.opus)
** [[RealAudio]] (.ra)
** [[Speex]] (.spx)
** [[Vorbis]] (.logg, .oga, .ogg)
** [[WMA]] (Windows Media Audio)
* Proprietary
** [[DCT]] (Dictation format by NCH Software)
** [[DSS]] (Digital Speech Standard by Olympus)
** [[DVF]] (Digital Voice File by Sony)
** [[ICS]] (IC Sound by Sony)
** [[IKLAX]] (iKlax Media)
** [[MSV]] (Memory Stick Voice by Sony)
* Uncompressed audio
** [[AIFF|AIF / AIFF]] (Audio Interchange File Format)
** [[Berkeley/IRCAM/Carl Sound Format]] (.sf)
** [[LPCM]] (Linear Pulse Code Modulated Audio)
** [[RAW (Audio)|RAW]] (.raw, .pcm)
** [[WAV]] (Waveform Audio File Format)
* Various encodings
** [[AIFC]] ([[AIFF]] Compressed)
** [[AU]] (Sun Microsystems audio format)
** [[Computerized Speech Lab]] (.nsp)
** [[Bonk]] (lossy/lossless audio compression)
** [[INRS-Telecom file]] (.aud)
** [[SPPACK]] (.d)

== Chiptune ==

* Mark II Sound-System
** [[MII]] (Mark II Sound-System)
** [[MK2]] (Mark 2 Sound System)
** [[MKII]] (Mark II Sound System))
* [[SAM Coupé song]] (.cop, .sng)

== Container formats ==

* [[ASF]] (Advanced Systems Format)
* [[CAF (Core Audio Format)]] (.caf)
* [[Extensible Music Format]] (.xmf)
* [[Matroska]] (.mka)
* [[MP4]] (MPEG-4 Part 14 media container)
* [[OGG]] (.ogg, .oga, .ogx, .spx, .opus)
* [[Rich Music Format]] (.rmf)
* [[RealMedia]] (.rm)

== Emulated music ==

* [[2SF]] (Nintendo DS [[PSF]])
* [[Atari SoundHeader]] (.sndh)
* [[AY]] (Amstrad CPC / ZX Spectrum)
* [[DSF]] (Dreamcast [[Portable Sound Format|PSF]])
* [[DSFLIB]] ([[DSF]] Library)
* [[EPSGMOD]] (.epsgmod, Mod2PSG)
* [[Fuxoft AY Language]] (.fmx)
* [[GBR]] (Game Boy Sound)
* [[Game Boy Sound]] (.gbs)
* [[GSF]] (Game Boy Advance [[PSF]])
* [[GSFLIB]] ([[GSF]] Library)
* [[GSR]] (Gens Sound Record)
* [[HES]] (Hudson Entertainment System)
* [[KSS]] (MSX)
* [[KSSX]] (Possible expansion of [[KSS]])
* [[MDX]] (Sharp X68000 / MXDRV)
* [[MINIGSF]] ([[GSF]] track)
* [[MINIPSF]] ([[PSF]] track)
* [[MINIPSF2]] ([[PSF2]] track)
* [[MINIQSF]] ([[QSF]] track)
* [[MINISNSF]] ([[SNSF]] track)
* [[MINISSF]] ([[SSF]] track)
* [[MINIUSF]] ([[USF]] track)
* [[NES Sound Format]] (.nsf)
* [[NES Sound Format Extended]] (.nsfe)
* [[Portable Sound Format|PSF]] (Portable Sound Format)
* [[PSF1]] (Playstation [[PSF]])
* [[PSF2]] (Playstation 2 [[PSF]])
* [[QSF]] (Capcom Q-Sound [[PSF]])
* [[QSFLIB]] ([[QSF]] Library)
* [[SGC]] (Sega Master System / Game Gear / Colecovision)
* [[SID]] (Commodore)
* [[SND]] (Atari ST)
* [[SPC]] (Super Nintendo SPC700)
* [[SSF]] (Sega Saturn [[Portable Sound Format|PSF]])
* [[SSFLIB]] ([[SSF]] Library)
* [[USF]] (Nintendo 64 [[Portable Sound Format|PSF]])
* [[USFLIB]] ([[USF]] library)
* [[YM]] (Amstrad CPC / Spectrum ZX / Atari ST)
* [[ZXAYEMUL Sound]] (.cpc)

== Game audio and music ==

* [[4X IMA ADPCM]]
* Adept Software
** [[God of Thunder Music Format]]
* [[AFC]] (AFX Audio File) -- used in Mass Effect 2
* Atari
** [[Slight Atari Player]] (Atari POKEY)
* [[BAF]] (Blur ADPCM)
* [[BAKA]] (PCM 16 bit)
* Bandai
** [[WSR]] (WonderSwan / WonderSwan Color)
* [[BH2PCM]]
* [[BNSF]] (G.722.1)
* Cave Story
** [[Organya]]
* Commodore Amiga
** [[A.M. Composer v1.2]] (.amc)
** [[AC1D-DC1A Packer]] (.ac1d)
** [[Actionamics Sound Tool]] (.ast)
** [[AMOS Music Bank]] (.abk)
** [[Art & Magic]] (.aam)
** [[Beathoven Synthesiser]] (.bss)
** [[Benn Daglish]] (.bd)
** [[Benn Daglish SID]] (.bds)
** [[Channel Players]] (.chan)
** [[Cinemaware]] (.cin)
** [[Core Design]] (.core)
** [[CustomMade]] (.cm)
** [[Darius Zendeh]] (.dz)
** [[Dave Lowe]] (.dl)
** [[Dave Lowe New]] (.dln)
** [[David Hanney]] (.dh)
** [[David Whittaker]] (.dw)
** [[Desire]] (.dsr)
** [[Digital Illusions]] (.di)
** [[Digital Sonix & Chrome]] (.dsc)
** [[Digital Sound Creations]] (.han)
** [[Dirk Bialluch]] (.tpu)
** [[Dynamic Synthesizer]] (.dns)
** [[Editeur Musical Sequentiel]] (.ems)
** [[Follin Player II]] (.tf)
** [[Fred Editor]] (.fred)
** [[Fred Gray]] (.fg)
** [[Future Player]] (.fp)
** [[FWMP]] (.fw)
** [[Game Music Creator]] (.gmc)
** [[Hippel]] (.hip)
** [[Hippel-COSO]] (.hipc)
** [[Howie Davies]] (.hd)
** [[Images Music System]] (.ims)
** [[Infogrames INS]] (.ins)
** [[Janko Mrsic-Flogel]] (.jmf)
** [[Jason Brooke]] (.jcb)
** [[Jason Page]] (.jp)
** [[Jeroen Tel]] (.jt)
** [[Jesper Olsen]] (.jo)
** [[Jochen Hippel]] (.hip)
** [[Kris Hatlelid]] (.kh)
** [[Leggless Music Editor]] (.lme)
** [[Magnetic Fields Packer]] (.mfp)
** [[Maniacs of Noise]] (.mon, .jt)
** [[Mark Cooksey]] (.mc)
** [[Martin Walker]] (.mw)
** [[MaxTrax]] (.mxtx)
** [[Mike Davies]] (.md)
** [[MMDC]] (Module packer)
** [[Mugician]] (.mug)
** [[Mugician II]] (.mug2)
** [[NovoTrade Packer]] (.ntp)
** [[Pierre Adane Packer]] (.pap)
** [[Professional Sound Artists]] (.psa)
** [[Promizer]] (.pr1)
** [[ProPacker 2.1]] (.pp21)
** [[ProPacker 3.0]] (.pp30)
** [[Prorunner 1.0]] (.prun)
** [[Prorunner 2.0]] (.pru2)
** [[Richard Joseph]] or Vectordean (.rjp)
** [[Rob Hubbard]] (.rh, .rho)
** [[Ron Klaren]] (.rk)
** [[Sean Connolly]] (.scn)
** [[Sean Conran]] (.scr)
** [[Sidmon]] (.sid)
** [[Sidmon II]] (.sid2)
** [[Silmarils]] (.mok)
** [[Sonic Arranger]] (.sa)
** [[Sound Images]] (.tw)
** [[Sound Master]] (.sm)
** [[Sound Programming Language]] (.spl)
** [[Soundcontrol]] (.sct)
** [[Soundfactory]] (.psf)
** [[SoundFX]] (.sfx)
** [[SoundPlayer]] (.sjs)
** [[Special FX]] (.jd)
** [[Speedy System]] (.ss)
** [[Steve Barrett]] (.sb)
** [[Jason Page|Steve Turner]] (.jpo)
** [[Synth Dream]] (.sdr)
** [[Synth Pack]] (.osp)
** [[The Musical Enlightenment]] (.tme)
** [[The Player 4.x]] (.p4x)
** [[The Player 6.x]] (.p6x)
** [[Thomas Hermann]] (.thm)
** [[Wally Beben]] (.wb)
* CRI Middleware
** [[ADX]]
** [[AFS]] (container format for [[ADX]] / [[AHX (CRI)]])
** [[AHX (CRI)]]
** [[AIX]]
* [[DCS]] (ADPCM)
* [[Death Rally Archive]] (.bpa)
* [[DMSG]] (PCM 16 bit)
* [[EACS IMA ADPCM]] (.kcey)
* Electronic Arts
** [[8-Bit Sampled Voice]] (.8svx, .iff)
** [[Asylum Music Format]] (.amf, used in Crusader: No Remorse / Crusader: No Regret)
** [[Electronic Arts AS4 Music]] (.as4)
** [[Electronic Arts KSF Music]] (.ksf)
** [[Electronic Arts SCxl]]
** [[Electronic Arts Sound Effects]] (.bnk, .crd)
** [[Electronic Arts Sound / Speech Files]] (.eas, .sph)
** [[IFF]] (Amiga 8SVX)
** [[Sonix Music Driver]] (.smus)
* [[EMFF]] (ADPCM)
* Epic Megagames
** [[Epic Megagames MASI]] (.masi, .psm)
* [[Final Fantasy XI Music file]] (.bgw)
* Galaxy Music System
** [[Galaxy Music System v4.0]]
** [[Galaxy Music System v5.0]] (.j2b)
* [[GCW]] (PCM 16 bit)
* [[Generic Header]] (.genh, Generic Header Creator)
* Herad Music System
** [[Herad Music System AGD]] (.agd)
** [[Herad Music System SDB]] (.sdb)
** [[Herad Music System SQX]] (.sqx)
* [[HIS]] (PCM 8 bit)
* id Software
** [[id Software DNF]] (.dnf)
** [[id Software Music Format]] (.imf)
** [[id Software WLF]] (.wlf)
* [[IMA ADPCM]] (.bar, .dvi, .hwas, .idvi, .ivaud, .myspd, .stma, .strm)
* [[Interplay ACM]] (.acm)
* Ken Silverman
** [[Ken's Adlib Music]] (.ksm)
** [[Ken's Digital Music]] (.kdm)
** [[SM (Ken Silverman)]] (.sm)
** [[SND (Ken Silverman)]] (.snd)
* [[LOUDNESS Sound System]] (.lds)
* LucasArts
** [[LucasArts Adlib Audio]] (.laa)
** [[SCUMM]] (SCUMM)
* [[Martin Fernandez]] (.adlib)
* Microsoft
** [[0x0069]] (Xbox ADPCM)
** [[2DX]]
** [[2DX9]] (ADPCM)
** [[DE2]] (ADPCM)
** [[Xbox IMA ADPCM]] (.matx, .wavm, .wvs, .xmu, .xvas, .xwav)
* Nintendo
** [[Advanced Mario Sequencer]]
** [[BRSTMPSM]] (Super Paper Mario)
** [[Donkey Konga 2 DSP]] (Donkey Konga 2)
** [[Mario Paint Composer)]] (MPC)
** [[Mario Sequencer]]
** [[Nintendo Gamecube / Wii AAAP]]
** [[Nintendo Gamecube / Wii ADP]] (Nintendo Gamecube)
** [[Nintendo Gamecube / Wii AFC]] (Nintendo Gamecube)
** [[Nintendo Gamecube / Wii AGSC]] (.agsc)
** [[Nintendo Gamecube / Wii AMTS]]
** [[Nintendo Gamecube / Wii ASN]] (Nintendo Gamecube)
** [[Nintendo Gamecube / Wii ASR]] (Nintendo Wii)
** [[Nintendo Gamecube / Wii AST]] (Nintendo Wii sound format)
** [[Nintendo Gamecube / Wii BNS]]
** [[Nintendo Gamecube / Wii BO2]]
** [[Nintendo Gamecube / Wii BRSTM]] (Nintendo Wii streaming format)
** [[Nintendo Gamecube / Wii CAPDSP]]
** [[Nintendo Gamecube / Wii CFN]]
** [[Nintendo Gamecube / Wii DDSP]]
** [[Nintendo Gamecube / Wii DSP]]
** [[Nintendo Gamecube / Wii GCA]] (Nintendo Wii)
** [[Nintendo Gamecube / Wii GCM]]
** [[Nintendo Gamecube / Wii GSP]]
** [[Nintendo Gamecube / Wii HPS]]
** [[Nintendo Gamecube / Wii IDSP]]
** [[Nintendo Gamecube / Wii ISD]]
** [[Nintendo Gamecube / Wii ISH]]
** [[Nintendo Gamecube / Wii KRAW]] (Nintendo Wii)
** [[Nintendo Gamecube / Wii LPS]]
** [[Nintendo Gamecube / Wii MPDS]]
** [[Nintendo Gamecube / Wii MPDSP]]
** [[Nintendo Gamecube / Wii MSS]]
** [[Nintendo Gamecube / Wii MUS]]
** [[Nintendo Gamecube / Wii PDT]]
** [[Nintendo Gamecube / Wii SDT]]
** [[Nintendo Gamecube / Wii SMP]]
** [[Nintendo Gamecube / Wii SNS]]
** [[Nintendo Gamecube / Wii SPD]]
** [[Nintendo Gamecube / Wii SPT]]
** [[Nintendo Gamecube / Wii SSM]]
** [[Nintendo Gamecube / Wii STM]]
** [[Nintendo Gamecube / Wii STR]]
** [[Nintendo Gamecube / Wii STS]]
** [[Nintendo Gamecube / Wii SWD]]
** [[Nintendo Gamecube / Wii THP]]
** [[Nintendo Gamecube / Wii TYDSP]]
** [[Nintendo Gamecube / Wii VJDSP]]
** [[Nintendo Gamecube / Wii WAS]]
** [[Nintendo Gamecube / Wii WSD]]
** [[Nintendo Gamecube / Wii WSI]]
** [[Nintendo Gamecube / Wii YDSP]]
** [[Nintendo Gamecube / Wii YMF]]
** [[Nintendo Gamecube / Wii ZWDSP]]
** [[SHI]] ([http://battleofthebits.org/lyceum/View/ShroomTool ShroomTool] Instrument, used for Mario Paint instruments)
** [[SHO]] (ShroomTool, used for Mario Paint sounds)
* Origin Software
** [[Ultima 6 Music]] (.m)
* Pixel
** [[PMD (Pixel)]]
* [[Pixel Painters]] (.fmf)
* [[Shadowlands]] (.cal)
* Sierra
** [[Sierra AGI]] (Sierra AGI)
** [[Sierra SCI]] (Used in Sierra PC games)
* Sony
** [[Sony Playstation ADS]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation ASS]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation AST]]
** [[Sony Playstation BG00]]
** [[Sony Playstation BMDX]]
** [[Sony Playstation CCC]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation CNK]]
** [[Sony Playstation DXH]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation ENTH]]
** [[Sony Playstation FAG]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation FILP]]
** [[Sony Playstation FSB]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation GCM]]
** [[Sony Playstation GMS]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation HGC1]]
** [[Sony Playstation I100]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation I400]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation I80]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation IKM]]
** [[Sony Playstation ILD]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation IVB]]
** [[Sony Playstation JOE]]
** [[Sony Playstation KCES]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation KHV]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation LEG]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation MCG]]
** [[Sony Playstation MI4]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation MIB]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation MIC]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation MIH]]
** [[Sony Playstation MIHB]] (merged [[Sony Playstation MIB|MIB]] & [[Sony Playstation MIH|MIH]])
** [[Sony Playstation MSA]]
** [[Sony Playstation MSVP]]
** [[Sony Playstation MUSC]]
** [[Sony Playstation NPSF]]
** [[Sony Playstation PNB]]
** [[Sony Playstation PSH]]
** [[Sony Playstation RKV]]
** [[Sony Playstation RND]]
** [[Sony Playstation RSTM]]
** [[Sony Playstation RWS]]
** [[Sony Playstation SFS]]
** [[Sony Playstation SIR]]
** [[Sony Playstation SL3]]
** [[Sony Playstation SMPL]]
** [[Sony Playstation SND]]
** [[Sony Playstation SPU]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation STER]]
** [[Sony Playstation STH]]
** [[Sony Playstation STR]]
** [[Sony Playstation STS]]
** [[Sony Playstation SVAG]]
** [[Sony Playstation SVS]]
** [[Sony Playstation TEC]]
** [[Sony Playstation TK5]]
** [[Sony Playstation VAS]]
** [[Sony Playstation VAG]]
** [[Sony Playstation VB2]] (Playstation / PS2)
** [[Sony Playstation VGS]]
** [[Sony Playstation VIG]]
** [[Sony Playstation VPK]]
** [[Sony Playstation VS]]
** [[Sony Playstation VSF]]
** [[Sony Playstation WP2]]
** [[Sony Playstation XA2]]
** [[Sony Playstation XA30]]
** [[Sony Playstation 2 MI2]] (Sony Playstation 2)
* [[Sound Images Generation 2]] (.sig)
* [[Sound Interface System]] (.lem)
* [[Unreal Music Format]] (.umx)
* Union Logic Software Publishing
** [[Vinyl Goddess From Mars Instrument Format]]
** [[Vinyl Goddess From Mars Music Format]]
* [[Unique Development Studios]] (.uds)
* [[Video Game Music]] (.vgm, .vgz)
* Westwood Studios
** [[Westwood Studios ADL]] (.adl)
** [[Westwood Studios AUD]] (.aud)
* [[Whacky Wheels]] (.klm)
* [[XMP Game Module]] (.j2b)

== Metadata formats ==

* [[MDZ]] - strictly not itself a music format, but a metadata file for other music files used by Open Cubic Player. See http://www.cubic.org/player/doc/node72.htm
* [[Monkey's Audio metadata]] (.apl)

== Music trackers ==

* [[1tracker module]] (.1tm)
* [[AHX (Abyss)]] (Abyss Highest eXperience)
* [[Aley's Module]] (.alm)
* [[All Sound Tracker module]] (.ast)
* [[Amiga Module]] (.mod)
* [[AProSys module]] (.aps)
* [[Archimedes Tracker module]]
* [[Arkos Tracker]] (.aks)
* [[Art of Noise module]] (.aon)
* [[ASC Sound Master module]] (.asc)
* [[B's Pro Tracker module]] (.bpm, .bps)
* [[Beepola song]] (.bbsong)
* [[BeRoTracker module]] (.br)
* [[BoyScout Tracker module]] (.bsf)
* Brian Postma SoundMon
** [[Brian Postma SoundMon v1.x module]] (.bp)
** [[Brian Postma SoundMon v2.x & v3.x module]] (.bp3)
** [[BS]]
* Chaos Music Composer
** [[CM3]] ([[CMC]] "3/4")
** [[CMC]] (Chaos Music Composer)
** [[CMR]] ([[CMC]] "Rzog")
** [[CMS]] (Stereo Double [[CMC]])
** [[DMC]] (Double ChaosMusicComposer)
* [[ChipTracker module]] (.kris)
* [[Chuck Biscuits/Black Artist module]] (.cba)
* [[Coconizer module]]
* [[Composer 669 module]] (.669)
* [[craptracker ii module]] (.ct2)
* [[Custom Amiga Module]] (.cus. .custom)
* CyberTracker
** [[CyberTracker instrument]] (.ci)
** [[CyberTracker module]] (.ct)
* [[DeliTracker custom]] (.cust)
* Delta Music Composer
** [[Delta Music Composer module]] (.dlt)
** [[Delta Music 2.0 module]] (.dl2)
* [[Desktop Tracker module]] (.dtt)
* DigiBooster / DigiBooster PRO
** [[DigiBooster v1.x module]] (.digi)
** [[DigiBooster PRO v2.x / DigiBooster 3 module]] (.dbm)
* [[Digital Symphony module]] (.dsym)
* Digitrakker
** [[Digitrakker instrument]] (.ist)
** [[Digitrakker module]] (.mdl)
** [[Digitrakker sample]] (.spl)
* [[DigiTrekker module]] (.dtm)
* [[Digital Tracker module]] (.dtm)
* [[DisorderTracker 2 module]] (.plm)
* [[Dual Module Player DSMI]] (.amf)
* [[Eureka Packer module]] (.eu)
* [[Extended MOD]] (.emd)
* [[Extreme's Tracker module]] (.ams)
* [[FAC Soundtracker]] (MSX, extension unknown)
* [[Face the Music module]] (.ftm)
* [[FamiTracker module]] (.ftm)
* Farandole Composer
** [[Farandole Form 2.0]] (.f2r)
** [[Farandole Composer module]] (.far)
** [[Farandole Composer pattern]] (.fpt)
** [[Farandole Composer sample]] (.fsm, .usm)
* [[Fashion Tracker module]] (.ex)
* FastTracker / FastTracker 2
** [[FastTracker module]] (.ft, .ftc)
** [[Extended instrument]] (.xi)
** [[Extended Module]] (.xm)
* [[FC-M Packer module]] (.fcm)
* [[Flash Tracker module]] (.fls)
* [[Flex Tracker module]] (.flx)
* [[Fuchs Tracker]] (.fchs)
* [[FunkTracker module]] (.fnk)
* Future Composer
** [[Future Composer v1.x module]] (.fc)
* [[Fuzzac Packer module]] (.fuzz)
* [[General Digital Music module]] (.gdm)
* [[GoatTracker module]] (.sng)
* [[Grave Composer module]] (.wow)
* Graoumf Tracker
** [[Graoumf Tracker module]] (.gtk)
** [[Graoumf Tracker 2 module]] (.gt2)
* [[Global Tracker v1.x module]] (.gtr)
* [[HeatSeeker Module Cruncher v1.0]] (.crb)
* [[Hively Tracker module]] (.hvl)
* [[Ice Tracker module]]
* [[Imago Orpheus module]] (.imf)
* Impulse Tracker
** [[Impulse Tracker module]] (.it, .itbz, .itgz, .itr, .itz)
** [[Impulse Tracker sample]] (.its)
* [[JAMCracker Pro module]] (.jam)
* klystrack
** [[klystrack instrument]] (.ki)
** [[klystrack module]] (.kt)
* Liquid Tracker
** [[Liquid Digitized Sample]] (.lds)
** [[Liquid Tracker module]] (.liq)
* MadTracker 2
** [[MadTracker 2 envelope]] (.mte)
** [[MadTracker 2 extension]] (.mtx)
** [[MadTracker 2 instrument]] (.mti)
** [[MadTracker 2 module]] (.mt2)
** [[MadTracker 2 pattern]] (.mtp)
** [[MadTracker 2 sample]] (.mts)
* maxYMiser
** [[maxYMiser instrument]] (.myi)
** [[maxYMiser module]] (.snd)
* [[Megatracker module]] (.mgt)
* [[MO3]] (MP3 / Vorbis compressed module)
* [[MOD Edit sample]] (.sam)
* [[Module Protector + noID]] (.mp)
* Moonblaster (MSX)
** [[Moonblaster music]] (.mbm)
** [[Moonblaster sample kit]] (.mbk)
* [[Multi Track Module]] (.mtm)
* Muse Tracker / Pornotracker
** [[Musetracker / Pornotracker instrument]] (.poi)
** [[Musetracker / Pornotracker module]] (.pom)
* Music Pro Tracker
** [[Music Pro Tracker DoublePlay]] (.mpd)
** [[Music Pro Tracker module (MD1)]] (.md1)
** [[Music Pro Tracker module (MD2)]] (.md2)
** [[Music Pro Tracker module (MPT)]] (.mpt)
* [[Nerdtracker II module]] (.ned)
* [[NesTracker module]] (.nest)
* NoisePacker
** [[NoisePacker 2.x]] (.np2)
** [[NoisePacker 3.x]] (.np3)
* [[NoiseTracker module]] (.mod)
* [[Noisetrekker module]] (.ntk)
* OctaMED
** [[OctaMED module (MED)]] (.med)
** [[OctaMED module (MMD1)]] (.mmd1)
** [[OctaMED v2.00 module]] (.med3)
** [[OctaMED v2.10 module (MED4)]] (.med4)
** [[OctaMED v2.10 module (MMD0)]] (.mmd0)
** [[OctaMED v5 module]] (.mmd2)
** [[OctaMED SS module]] (.mmd3)
* Oktalyzer
** [[Oktalyzer module]] (.okt, .okta)
* [[Onyx Music File]] (.omf)
* [[Open MODPlug Tracker module]] (.mptm)
* [[Oracle module]] (.orc)
* [[Pha Packer]] (.pha)
* PlayerPRO
** [[Extended PlayerPRO module]] (.madx)
** [[PlayerPRO module]] (.mad)
* [[Polly Tracker module]]
* [[Pro Sound Creator v1.xx]] (.psc, ZX Spectrum)
* [[Pro Sound Maker]] (.psm)
* Pro Tracker
** [[Pro Tracker v1.xx module]] (.pt1)
** [[Pro Tracker v2.xx module]] (.pt2)
** [[Pro Tracker v3.xx module]] (.pt3)
* [[Pro Tracker (MSX)]] (MSX-Music, extension unknown)
* [[Poly Tracker module]] (.ptm)
* [[Quadra Composer module]] (.emod)
* [[Real Tracker module]] (.rtm)
* Renoise
** [[Renoise Song (NTK)]] (.ntk)
** [[Renoise Song (PTK]] (.ptk)
** [[Renoise Song (RNS]] (.rns)
** [[Renoise Song (XRNS)]] (.xrns)
* [[SBStudio II]] (.pac, .son, .sou)
* SCC Blaffer NT
** [[SCC Blaffer NT music]] (.sbm, MSX)
** [[SCC Blaffer NT instrument kit]] (.sbk)
* Scream Tracker
** [[ScreamTracker 2 module]] (.stm)
** [[ScreamTracker 3 Adlib module]] (.as3m)
** [[Scream Tracker 3 module]] (.s3m)
** [[ScreamTracker 3 / DigiTracker sample]] (.s31)
** [[ScreamTracker 3 / DigiTracker sample]] (.smp)
* Sound Tracker
** [[Soundtracker v2.6 / Ice Tracker module]] (.mtn)
** [[SoundTracker v2.6 module]] (.st26)
** [[Sound Tracker / Super Sonic module]] (.stc)
** [[Sound Tracker Pro module]] (.stp)
* [[SoundSmith module]] (.mtp)
* Soundtrakker
** [[Soundtrakker 128 instrument]] (.ins)
** [[Soundtrakker 128 module (128)]] (.128)
** [[Soundtrakker v1.x instrument]] (.ins)
** [[Soundtrakker v1.x module]] (.sng)
* [[SQ-Tracker module]] (.sqt)
* [[Starkos Tracker module]] (.sks)
* [[Startrekker / Audio Sculpturer module]] (.flt)
* [[SunVox module]] (.sunvox)
* TFMX
** [[TFMX pattern data]] (.mdat)
** [[TFMX 7V pattern data]] (.mdat)
** [[TFMX Pro pattern data]] (.mdat)
** [[TFMX sample data]] (.smpl)
* Theta Music Composer
** [[Theta Music Composer 8-channel stereo module]] (.tm8)
** [[Theta Music Composer v1.x module]] (.tmc)
** [[Theta Music Composer v2.x module]] (.tm2)
* [[Trackerpacker 3 module]] (.tp3)
* [[Ultra Tracker]] (.ult)
* [[Velvet Studio AMS v1.x module]] (.ams)
* [[VIC-TRACKER module]] (.vt)
* [[Vortex Tracker module]] (.vtx)
* X-Tracker
** [[D-Lusion Music File]] (.dmf)
** [[D-Lusion Sound File]] (.dms)

== Musical instrument control ==

* [[ELECTONE]] - For Yamaha Electone Range Electronic Organs
** [[BOO]] - Part of the [[ELECTONE]] format.
** [[EVT]] - Part of the [[ELECTONE]] format.
* MIDI & Clones
** [[GMD]] ([[MIDI]] clone)
** [[HMI]] ([[MIDI]] clone)
** [[HMP]] ([[MIDI]] clone)
** [[HMZ]] (Compressed [[MIDI]])
** [[KAR]] ([[MIDI]] Audio)
** [[MIDI]] (Musical Instrument Digital Interface)
** [[MIDS]] ([[MIDI]] clone)
** [[MIZ]] (Compressed [[MIDI]])
** [[MSS (MIDI)|MSS]] (MIDI Clone)
* Hardware specific
** AdLib Sound Cards
*** [[AdLib instrument]] (.ins)
*** [[AdLib instrument bank]] (.bnk)
*** [[AdLib MSCplay]] (.msc)
*** [[AdLib music]] (.mus)
*** Adlib Tracker
**** [[Adlib Tracker instrument]] (.ins)
**** [[Adlib Tracker module]] (.sng)
**** [[Adlib Tracker II instrument]] (.a2i)
**** [[Adlib Tracker II instrument|Adlib Tracker II instrument with fm-register macro]] (.a2f)
**** [[Adlib Tracker II instrument bank]] (.a2b)
**** [[Adlib Tracker II instrument bank|Adlib Tracker II instrument bank with macros]] (.a2w)
**** [[Adlib Tracker II module]] (.a2m)
**** [[Adlib Tracker II pattern]] (.a2p)
**** [[Adlib Tracker II module|Adlib Tracker II tiny module]] (.a2t)
*** [[AdLib Visual Composer / Roland Synthesizer song]] (.rol)
*** AMusic
**** [[AMusic module]] (.amd)
**** [[AMusic XMS]] (.xms)
*** [[Beni Tracker module]] (.pis)
*** [[Bob's Adlib Music]] (.bam)
*** Boom Tracker v4.0
**** [[Boom Tracker v4.0 instrument]] (.cif)
**** [[Boom Tracker v4.0 module]] (.cff)
*** [[DeFy Adlib Tracker module]] (.dtm)
*** [[Digital FM module]] (.dfm)
*** [[Drum Traker module]] (.dtl)
*** [[EdLib packed module]] (.d00)
*** [[Exotic AdLib module]] (.xad)
*** [[Extra Simple Music]] (.xsm)
*** [[Faust Music Creator module]] (.sng)
*** [[FM Tracker module]] (.fmt)
*** FM-Kingtracker
**** [[FM-Kingtracker bank]] (.fib)
**** [[FM-Kingtracker instrument]] (.fin)
**** [[FM-Kingtracker module]] (.fmk)
*** HSC AdLib Composer / HSC-Tracker
**** [[HSC AdLib Composer / HSC-Tracker module]] (.hsc)
**** [[HSC AdLib Composer / HSC-Tracker packed module]] (.hsp)
*** [[JBM Adlib Music]] (.jbl)
*** JCH
**** [[JCH-D00]] (.d00)
**** [[JCH-D01]] (.d01)
*** [[Johannes Bjerregård module]] (.jbm)
*** [[Master Tracker module]] (.mtr)
*** [[MK-Jamz audio]] (.mkj)
*** [[Mlat Adlib Tracker module]] (.mad)
*** [[MPU-401 Trakker module]] (.mtk)
*** [[Palladix module]] (.plx)
*** [[RAW (Adlib)|RAW]] (AdLib Sound Card)
*** [[Reality AdLib Tracker module]] (.rad)
*** [[SNG Player module]] (.sng)
*** Surprise! Adlib Tracker
**** [[Surprise! AdLib Tracker v1, 5, 6 module]] (.sat)
**** [[Surprise! Adlib Tracker v2.0]] (.sa2)
*** [[Twin TrackPlayer module]] (.dmo)
*** [[Vibrants module]] (.vib)
*** [[XMS-Tracker module]] (.xms)
** Akai
*** [[Akai S-series MESA multi file]] (.mlt)
*** [[Akai S-series MESA I program]] (.prg)
*** [[Akai S-series MESA II program]] (.s3p)
** Creative Labs
*** [[Creative Music Format]] (.cmf)
*** [[Creative Voice File]]
*** [[Sound Blaster Instrument]] (.sbi)
** Gravis Ultrasound
*** [[UltraSound GF1 patch]] (.pat)
** [[DOSBox Raw OPL]] (.dro)
** [[Downloadable Sounds Banks]] (.dls)
** [[GYM]] (Genesis YM2612)
** [[Instrument Bank]] (Instrument Bank)
** [[TRS-80 Orchestra-90]] (.orc)
** [[Voice Sequence]] (.vsq)
* Software Synthesizers
** [[Farbrausch BR404 music]] (.bmf)
** [[iZotope iDrum]] (.idrum)
** Native Instruments
*** [[Native Instruments Reaktor ensemble]] (.ens)
** Steinberg VST Presets
*** [[FXB]] (Bank of presets)
*** [[FXP]] (single preset)

== Musical notation ==

* [[Guitar tablatures]]
** [[ASCII tab]] (.tab, .btab, .txt)
** [[Guitar Pro]] (.gtp)
*** [[Guitar Pro 3]] (.gp3)
*** [[Guitar Pro 4]] (.gp4)
*** [[Guitar Pro 5]] (.gp5)
*** [[Guitar Pro 6]] (.gp6)
** [[KGuitar]] (.kg)
** [[Power Tab]] (.ptb)
** [[Progression]]
** [[Rich MIDI Tablature Format]] (.rmtf)
** [[TablEdit]] (.tef)
** [[VexTab]]

* [[Musical notation]]
** Capella
*** [[CAP]]
*** [[CapXML]] (.capx)
** [[ChordML]]
** [[ChordQL]]
** Copyist
*** [[CP4]]
*** [[CP6]]
** [[Encore]] (.enc)
** [[Extensible Music Notation Markup Language]]
** [[Finale]] (.mus)
** [[Forte]] (.fnf)
** Guido
*** [[GUIDO]]
*** [[GUIDO XML]]
** JMSL
*** [[JMSL]]
*** [[JMSL Score]]
** [[JScoreML]]
** [[MEI]]
** [[MHTML]]
** [[MidiXML]]
** [[minimusic]]
** [[MPEG4-SMR]]
** [[Mup]]
** [[MuseScore]]
*** [[MSC]] -(old file format)
*** [[MSCX]] - [[XML file format]]
*** [[MSCZ]] - [[GZIP]] compressed [[MSCX]]
** [[Music Description Language]]
** [[Music Markup Language]]
** [[Music Time]] (.mus)
** [[Music Time Pro]] (.mts)
** [[Musical Notation Markup Language]]
** [[MusicML]]
** [[MusicWrite]] (.mwk)
** [[MusicXML]]
** [[MusicXML compressed]] (.mxl)
** [[MusiqueXML]]
** [[MusiXML]]
** [[Myriad Software]] (.msf)
** [[NeumesXML]]
** [[Neuratron Photoscore Format]] (.opt)
** [[Notation Interchange File Format]]
** [[NoteAbility Pro]]
** [[Noteworthy Composer and Music Publisher]] (.nwc)
** [[NoteWriter]]
** [[Notion]]
** [[NtEd]]
** [[Overture]] (.ove)
** [[PriMus]]
** [[Rhapsody Notation Program File]] (.rhp)
** [[Rosegarden]] (.rg)
** [[QuickScore Elite]] (.qsd)
** [[SCORE]] (.mus)
** [[Score Perfect]] (.spp)
** [[ScoreML]]
** [[ScoreWriter]] (.scw)
** [[Sibelius]]
** [[SMDL]]
** [[SongWrite]]
** [[Studio Session Song]] (.sss)
** [[Theta]]
** [[Tilia]]
** [[Virtual Musician Markup Language]]
** [[WEDELMUSIC]]
** [[XMF]]
** [[XMusic]]
** [[XScore]] (eXtensible Score Language)

== Playlist formats ==

* [[B4S]] (Winamp 3 playlist)
* [[FPL]] (foobar2000 playlist)
* [[KPL]] (Kazaa Playlist Format)
* [[M3U]] (Multimedia Playlist Format)
* [[MOD4WIN Module List]](.mol)
* [[PLS]] (Multimedia Playlist)
* [[WPL]] (Windows Media Playlist)

== Unclassified (need to move to other categories) ==

* [[ACM]] (Audio Compression Manager)
* [[ADM]] (ADM Audio File)
* [[B1S]]
* [[BDSP]] (BotDetect Sound Package)
* [[BVG]]
* [[CBD2]]
* [[DSM]] (DSIK Internal)
* [[DSPW]]
* [[DTK]]
* [[FFW]]
* [[First Rate Music Hall]] (.pck, MSX-Music song editor using [[Music Macro Language]])
* [[GBTS]]
* [[GCUB]]
* [[GSB]]
* [[HLWAV]]
* [[IAB]]
* [[IADP]]
* [[INT]] (RAW File)
* [[ISWS]]
* [[JSTM]]
* [[KOVS]]
* [[MA]] (Music Assembler)
* [[MNSTR]]
* [[MSF]]
* [[MTAF]]
* [[S98]] (NEC PC-98)
* [[SD]] (ESPS sampled data file)
* [[SF2]] (SoundFont 2.0 Sound Banks)
* [[SGI]] (Sound Generator 3.0 instrument)
* [[SNG (SCC Musixx)|SNG]] (SCC Musixx)
* [[Sound Effect Editor]] (.see, MSX)
* [[TFMX]] (TFMX)

See the Open Cubic Player homepage for a list of demo formats: http://www.cubic.org/player/features.html

See also [[Piano Rolls]] (which is under the [[Physical File Formats]]).

[[Category:Audio and Music| ]]

Talk:Onyx Music File

2012-12-18T22:50:02Z

Darkstar: Created page with "Here [http://amp.dascene.net/forum/index.php?action=printpage;topic=117.0] is some info on the OMF file format (also on .cba) --~~~~"

Here [http://amp.dascene.net/forum/index.php?action=printpage;topic=117.0] is some info on the OMF file format (also on .cba) --[[User:Darkstar|Darkstar]] ([[User talk:Darkstar|talk]]) 22:50, 18 December 2012 (UTC)

Talk:DOS executable (.com)

2012-12-06T22:22:34Z

Darkstar: /* compressed executable vs commandline program */

== compressed executable vs commandline program ==

Thanks for fixing the initial page. My source, a paper about the file utility mentioned .com files being compressed executables. Guess I should cite more... [[User:Maurice.de.rooij|Maurice.de.rooij]] ([[User talk:Maurice.de.rooij|talk]]) 07:28, 6 December 2012 (UTC)
* [http://scholar.google.nl/scholar?cluster=7943745569952873113 Extensions of the UNIX File Command and Magic File for File Type Identification]
:Ah, yes, that seems a bit wrong (unless they talk about some other, specific COM file). I wanted to add COM some time ago anyway (when I did EXE), but it somehow got lost due to my being busy recently. I just happened to notice it in the "recent changes" and fixed it. On some unrelated note, why can't we delete (or move/rename) any pages? There are a few now that are blanked because they were moved. Is delete/move only for administrators? --[[User:Darkstar|Darkstar]] ([[User talk:Darkstar|talk]]) 17:22, 6 December 2012 (UTC)
::"Move" exists in the pull-down menu to the right of "View history". I think "Delete" is reserved for admins, though. [[User:Dan Tobias|Dan Tobias]] ([[User talk:Dan Tobias|talk]]) 18:16, 6 December 2012 (UTC)
:: There seems not to exist such thing as compressed executable COM file, after an extensive search on the Google. Because the source was a university paper, I wrongly assumed that it didnt need verification. Another lesson learned... [[User:Maurice.de.rooij|Maurice.de.rooij]] ([[User talk:Maurice.de.rooij|talk]]) 18:37, 6 December 2012 (UTC)
::: Ah, indeed, I didn't see the "move" up there. Could have made my editing a bit more transparent. --[[User:Darkstar|Darkstar]] ([[User talk:Darkstar|talk]]) 22:22, 6 December 2012 (UTC)

Talk:FastTracker module

2012-12-06T17:26:27Z

Darkstar: Created page with "==Clones== I looked over the article, and it seems that what you describe as "clones of FastTracker modules" are, in fact, actually MOD modules (i.e. SoundTracker). All module..."

==Clones==
I looked over the article, and it seems that what you describe as "clones of FastTracker modules" are, in fact, actually MOD modules (i.e. SoundTracker). All modules with "M.K." at position 1080, for example, are standard 4 channel SoundTracker modules. So the FastTracker format is actually just one of many variants of the MOD SoundTracker format (this is also supported from the file you referenced, which states that FastTracker is simply a MOD with 6CHN or 8CHN instead of the normal M.K. signature). Ideas? --[[User:Darkstar|Darkstar]] ([[User talk:Darkstar|talk]]) 17:26, 6 December 2012 (UTC)

Talk:DOS executable (.com)

2012-12-06T17:22:18Z

Darkstar: /* compressed executable vs commandline program */

IFF

2012-12-05T23:12:22Z

Darkstar: /* Overview */ separate "true" IFF formats from "based on IFF" formats

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|iff}}
}}

==Overview==
'''IFF''' (Interchange File Format) is a file format introduced by Electronic Arts on the Commodore Amiga computer. Its structure is similar to [[RIFF]] or [[PNG]], using various self-contained chunks to contain different data.

Although ''IFF'' is most commonly used as an image format (using the file extension <code>.iff</code>), it can actually hold a lot of different data types. Some examples of IFF files are
*[[LBM]] images
*[[XMI]] XMidi music files
*[[8-Bit Sampled Voice|8SVX]] audio sample data
Some other formats are largely or heavily influenced by the IFF standard, but are not compatible. These include, for example:
*Erlang BEAM compiled modules ([http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/beam_lib.html] and [http://www.erlang.se/~bjorn/beam_file_format.html]): Uses 4 byte alignment instead of 2 byte, and the root chunk has a different ID (<code>FOR1</code> instead of <code>FORM</code>)
*Microsoft's [[RIFF]] and [[RIFX]] formats are based on IFF (RIFF uses little-endian byte order instead, and the root chunk is called <code>RIFF</code> instead of <code>FORM</code>)
*Apple's [[AIFF]] and [[AIFC]] formats are similar to IFF/RIFF as well

==Resources==
* [http://www.martinreddy.net/gfx/2d/IFF.txt The original EA spec]
* [http://wiki.amigaos.net/index.php/IFF_FORM_and_Chunk_Registry IFF chunk registry], defining all known chunks
* ReWiki has a [http://rewiki.regengedanken.de/wiki/.IFF page] on IFF, including some details on the rare PBM variant of LBM

Category:File formats with extension .org

2012-12-05T23:04:12Z

Darkstar: fix link

'''.org''' is one of those file extensions that's also a top-level domain... like .com, which is a [[DOS executable (.com)|PC/MS-DOS executable format]] as well as a domain, and .pl, which can be a [[Perl]] program or the domain code for Poland.
[[Category:File formats by extension|O]]

TLD

2012-12-05T23:03:42Z

Darkstar: fix link

: '''Top Level Domain'''
=Introduction=
Although a top level domain is not a file format, the best known TLD is '''.com''', which also happens to be the extension of a file format: [[DOS executable (.com)]].

== External links ==
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top-level_domain Top-level domain (Wikipedia)]
* [http://domains.dan.info/ Dan's Domain Site] (lots of info on domain names)

[[category:Computer facts]]

Com

2012-12-05T23:03:24Z

Darkstar: fix link

.com might refer to
* [[DOS executable (.com)]]
* [[TLD]]
[[category:File formats with extension .com]]
{{disambiguation}}