{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|thiscat=Audio and Music
|image=Music.jpg
|caption=Musical notation
}}

== Introduction ==
[[Electronic_File_Formats|Electronic Formats]] concerned with audio and musical data, including sound recording, instrument control, musical notation, etc.

* For an excellent introduction to the issues around audio and video formats, see [http://www.avpreserve.com/blog/a-primer-on-codecs-for-moving-image-and-sound-archives-2/ A Primer on Codecs for Moving Image and Sound Archives - and 10 Recommendations for Codec Selection & Management] [http://www.avpreserve.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/AVPS_Codec_Primer.pdf PDF version]
* [http://www.garymcgath.com/streamingprotocols.html Basics of streaming protocols]

== Audio and sequencer software ==

* Ableton
** [[Ableton Live]]
* Aldrin
** [[Creative Commons Module]] (.ccm)
* [[Audacity Project Format]] (.aup)
* Cakewalk
** [[Cakewalk Project (CWP)]] (.cwp)
** [[Cakewalk Project (WRK)]] (.wrk)
** [[Cakewalk Sample Definition File]] (.sfz)
* [[Cool Edit / Audition Multi Track Session file]] (.sss)
* [[CPS project]] (.cps)
* FruityLoops / FL Studio
** [[DrumSynth Preset]] (.ds)
** [[FL Studio Score File]] (.fsc)
** [[FL Studio State File]] (.fst)
** [[Humanize Preset]] (.fpr)
** [[Raw FL Studio Project]] (.flp)
** [[SimSynth Preset]] (.syn)
** [[Speech Preset]] (.speech)
* GarageBand (Mac)
** [[GarageBand project]] (.band, .gbproj)
** [[Magic GarageBand template]] (.wand)
** [[GarageBand MagicMentor template]] (.mwand)
* [[Hydrogen]] (.h2song, .h2pattern)
* [[Jacker song]]
* Jeskola Buzz
** [[Jeskola Buzz machine]] (.dll)
** [[Jeskola Buzz machine preset]] (.prs)
** [[Jeskola Buzz song]] (.bmx)
* [[LMMS]] (Linux MultiMedia Studio) (.mmp, .mmpz)
* [[LOGIC]] (Logic)
* [[Maestro]] (RISC OS)
* [[Make-A-Melody]] (''Big Blue Disk'' #42) (.mus)
* Piston Collage
** [[Piston Collage noise]] (.ptnoise)
** [[Piston Collage song]] (.ptcop, .pttune)
** [[Piston Collage voice]] (.ptvoice)
* Pro Tools
** [[PTS]] (Pro Tools 7-9)
** [[PTX]] (Pro Tools 10)
* Propellerhead Reason
** [[Propellerhead Reason NN-XT Patch File]] (.sx2)
** [[Propellerhead Reason Reason Project File]] (.rsn)
** [[Propellerhead Reason Reason Song File]](.rns)
** [[Propellerhead Reason REX2 Audio File]] (.rx2)
** [[Propellerhead Reason ReCycle Loop File]] (.rex)
** [[Propellerhead Reason ReFill Sound Bank]] (.rfl)
* [[Renoise]]
** [[Renoise song]] (.xrns)
** [[Renoise instrument]] (.xrni)
** [[Renoise DSP device-chain]] (.xrnt)
* SeaTone
** [[SeaTone song]] (.pxt)
* Steinberg
** [[CUBASE]]
*** [[ALL]] - A Steinberg [[CUBASE]] VST file for saving songs (pre 2002).
*** [[ARR]] - A Steinberg [[CUBASE]] VST file for saving arrangements (pre 2002).
*** [[CPR]] - A Steinberg [[CUBASE]] SX file for saving projects (2002 - ).
*** [[NPR]] - A Steinberg [[NUENDO]] file for saving arrangements (2002 - ).
** Wavelab
*** [[MON]] (Audio montage)
* [[(Super) Studio Session song]] (.sss)

== Audio recording and sound waves ==

* Lossless compression
** [[ATRAC Advanced Lossless]] (.aal)
** [[ADA]] (Advanced Digital Audio)
** [[ALAC]] (Apple Lossless Audio Codec)
** [[APAC]] (Marian's A-pac)
** [[Dakx Wav]]
** [[Dolby TrueHD]]
** [[DTS-HD]] (Lossless variant of DTS- DTS-HD Master Audio)
** [[FLAC]] (Free Lossless Audio Codec)
** [[LA]] (Lossless Audio)
** [[LiteWave]]
** [[LPAC]] (Lossless Predictive Audio Coding)
** [[MLP]] (Meridian Lossless Packing Audio)
** [[Monkey's Audio]] (.ape)
** [[MPEG-4 ALS]] (MPEG-4 Audio Lossless Coding)
** [[MPEG-4 SLS]] (MPEG-4 Scalable lossless coding mode)
** [[MQA]] (Master Quality Authenticated)
** [[OptimFROG]] (.ofr, .ofs)
** [[Perfect Clarity Audio]] (.pca)
** [[RALF]] (Real Lossless Audio Codec)
** [[RK Audio]] (.rka)
** [[Shorten]] (.shn)
** [[Sonarc]]
** [[Split2000]]
** [[TAK]] (.tak)
** [[True Audio]] (.tta)
** [[VocPack]]
** [[WavArc]]
** [[WavPack]] (.wv)
** [[WMA Lossless]] (Windows Media Audio 9 Lossless)
* Lossy compression
** [[AAC]] (Advanced Audio Coding)
** Adaptive differential pulse-code modulation
*** [[ACT]]
*** [[MNF]] (Yamaha ADPCM)
*** [[SPB]] (Yamaha ADPCM)
*** [[VOX]]
** [[Adaptive Multi-Rate WideBand Audio]]
** ATRAC or [[Adaptive Transform Acoustic Coding]] (.aa3, .oma, .at3)
** [[Audible Audiobook]] (.aa, .aax)
** [[CELT]] (.ogg)
** [[Dolby Digital]] (AC-3 or ATSC A/52)
** [[Digital Theater Systems]] (.dts)
** [[GSM]] (GSM 6.10 RPE-LTP)
** [[MPEG-4 Audio]] (.m4a, .m4b, .m4p, .m4r, .mp4)
** [[M4B]] (iTunes Audio Book)
** [[M4P]] (Fairplay DRM Encrypted [[M4A]])
** [[MPC (Musepack)|MP+]] (MPEGplus Audio)
** [[MP1]] (MPEG Audio Layer 1)
** [[MP2]] (MPEG-1 Audio Layer II)
** [[MP3]] (MPEG-1 / MPEG-2 Audio Layer III)
** [[MPA]] (MPEG Audio)
** [[Musepack Audio]] (.mpc)
** [[Opus]] (.opus)
** [[RealAudio]] (.ra)
** [[Speex]] (.spx)
** [[Vorbis]] (.logg, .oga, .ogg)
** [[WMA]] (Windows Media Audio)
* Proprietary
** [[DCT]] (Dictation format by NCH Software)
** [[Digital Speech Standard]] (.dss)
** [[Digital Voice File]] (.dvf)
** [[IC Sound]] (.ics)
** [[IKLAX]] (iKlax Media)
** [[Memory Stick Voice]] (.msv)
** [[Pono]]
* Separated parts of tracks
** [[Stems]]
* Uncompressed audio
** [[AIFF|AIF / AIFF]] (Audio Interchange File Format)
** [[Berkeley/IRCAM/Carl Sound Format]] (.sf)
** [[BWF]] (Broadcast Wave Format; variant of WAV)
** [[DSD]] (Direct Stream Digital) (.dsf)
** [[RAW (Audio)|RAW]] (.raw, .pcm)
** [[RF64]] (extended variant of BWF)
** [[Sony Wave64]] (.w64)
** [[WAV]] (Waveform Audio File Format)
* Various encodings
** [[AIFC]] ([[AIFF]] Compressed)
** [[AU]] (Sun Microsystems audio format)
** [[Computerized Speech Lab NSP]] (.nsp)
** [[Bonk]] (lossy/lossless audio compression)
** [[INRS-Telecom file]] (.aud)
** [[SPPACK]] (.d)
** [[WVE (Psion)]]

== Chiptune ==

* [[SAM Coupé song]] (.cop, .sng)

== Configuration files ==

* [[X2A]] (Yamaha S70xs/S90xs keyboard workstations)

== Container formats ==

* [[ASF]] (Advanced Systems Format)
* [[Core Audio Format]] (.caf)
* [[Extensible Music Format]] (.xmf)
* [[Matroska Audio]] (.mka)
* [[MP4]] (MPEG-4 Part 14 media container)
* [[Ogg]] (.ogg, .oga, .ogx, .spx, .opus)
* [[Rich Music Format]] (.rmf)
* [[RealMedia]] (.rm)
* [[WebM]] (.webm) (also used for video)

== Converters ==

* [[Konvertor]]

== Emulated music ==

* [[2SF]] (Nintendo DS [[PSF]])
* [[3G2]] (3GPP, also a video format)
* [[3GP]] (3GPP, also a video format)
* [[Atari SoundHeader]] (.sndh)
* [[AY]] (Amstrad CPC / ZX Spectrum)
* [[DSF]] (Dreamcast [[Portable Sound Format|PSF]])
* [[EPSGMOD]] (.epsgmod, Mod2PSG)
* [[Fuxoft AY Language]] (.fmx)
* [[GBR]] (Game Boy Sound)
* [[Game Boy Sound]] (.gbs)
* [[GSF]] (Game Boy Advance [[PSF]])
* [[GSR]] (Gens Sound Record)
* [[HES]] (Hudson Entertainment System)
* [[KSS]] (MSX)
* [[KSSX]] (Possible expansion of [[KSS]])
* [[MDX]] (Sharp X68000 / MXDRV)
* [[NES Sound Format]] (.nsf)
* [[NES Sound Format Extended]] (.nsfe)
* [[Portable Sound Format|PSF]] (Portable Sound Format)
* [[PSF1]] (Playstation [[PSF]])
* [[PSF2]] (Playstation 2 [[PSF]])
* [[QSF]] (Capcom Q-Sound [[PSF]])
* [[SGC]] (Sega Master System / Game Gear / Colecovision)
* [[SID]] (Commodore)
* [[SND]] (Atari ST)
* [[SPC (Audio)|SPC]] (Super Nintendo SPC700)
* [[SSF]] (Sega Saturn [[Portable Sound Format|PSF]])
* [[USF]] (Nintendo 64 [[Portable Sound Format|PSF]])
* [[YM]] (Amstrad CPC / Spectrum ZX / Atari ST)
* [[ZXAYEMUL Sound]] (.cpc)

== Game audio and music ==

(see also [[Game data files]])

* [[4X IMA ADPCM]]
* Accolade
** [[Accolade MIDI File Format]]
* Adept Software
** [[God of Thunder Music Format]]
* [[AFC]] (AFX Audio File) -- used in Mass Effect 2
* Apogee
** [[Crystal Caves Sound format]]
* Atari
** [[Slight Atari Player]] (Atari POKEY)
* [[BAF]] (Blur ADPCM)
* [[BAKA]] (PCM 16 bit)
* Bandai
** [[WSR]] (WonderSwan / WonderSwan Color)
* [[BH2PCM]]
* [[BNSF]] (G.722.1)
* Cave Story
** [[Organya]]
* Commodore Amiga
** [[A.M. Composer v1.2]] (.amc)
** [[AC1D-DC1A Packer]] (.ac1d)
** [[Actionamics Sound Tool]] (.ast)
** [[AMOS Music Bank]] (.abk)
** [[AMOS Memory Bank#AMOS Samples Bank|AMOS Samples Bank]] (.abk)
** [[Art & Magic]] (.aam)
** [[Audio Sculpture]] (.as)
** [[Beathoven Synthesiser]] (.bss)
** [[Benn Daglish]] (.bd)
** [[Benn Daglish SID]] (.bds)
** [[Channel Players]] (.chan)
** [[Cinemaware]] (.cin)
** [[Core Design]] (.core)
** [[CustomMade]] (.cm)
** [[Darius Zendeh]] (.dz)
** [[Dave Lowe]] (.dl)
** [[Dave Lowe New]] (.dln)
** [[David Hanney]] (.dh)
** [[David Whittaker]] (.dw)
** [[Desire]] (.dsr)
** [[Digital Illusions]] (.di)
** [[Digital Sonix & Chrome]] (.dsc)
** [[Digital Sound Creations]] (.han)
** [[Dirk Bialluch]] (.tpu)
** [[Dynamic Synthesizer]] (.dns)
** [[Editeur Musical Sequentiel]] (.ems)
** [[Follin Player II]] (.tf)
** [[Fred Editor]] (.fred)
** [[Fred Gray]] (.fg)
** [[Future Player]] (.fp)
** [[FWMP]] (.fw)
** [[Game Music Creator]] (.gmc)
** [[Hippel]] (.hip)
** [[Hippel-COSO]] (.hipc)
** [[Hornet Packer]] (.hrt)
** [[Howie Davies]] (.hd)
** [[IFF-MAUD]]
** [[Images Music System]] (.ims)
** [[Infogrames INS]] (.ins)
** [[Janko Mrsic-Flogel]] (.jmf)
** [[Jason Brooke]] (.jcb)
** [[Jason Page]] (.jp)
** [[Jeroen Tel]] (.jt)
** [[Jesper Olsen]] (.jo)
** [[Jochen Hippel]] (.hip)
** [[Kris Hatlelid]] (.kh)
** [[Leggless Music Editor]] (.lme)
** [[Magnetic Fields Packer]] (.mfp)
** [[Maniacs of Noise]] (.mon, .jt)
** [[Mark Cooksey]] (.mc)
** [[Mark II Sound-System]] (.mii, .mk2, .mkii)
** [[Martin Walker]] (.mw)
** [[MaxTrax]] (.mxtx)
** [[Mike Davies]] (.md)
** [[MMDC]] (Module packer)
** [[Mugician]] (.mug)
** [[Mugician II]] (.mug2)
** [[NovoTrade Packer]] (.ntp)
** [[Pierre Adane Packer]] (.pap)
** [[Professional Sound Artists]] (.psa)
** [[Promizer]] (.pr1)
** [[ProPacker 2.1]] (.pp21)
** [[ProPacker 3.0]] (.pp30)
** [[Prorunner 1.0]] (.prun)
** [[Prorunner 2.0]] (.pru2)
** [[Richard Joseph]] or Vectordean (.rjp)
** [[Rob Hubbard]] (.rh, .rho)
** [[Ron Klaren]] (.rk)
** [[Sean Connolly]] (.scn)
** [[Sean Conran]] (.scr)
** [[Sidmon]] (.sid)
** [[Sidmon II]] (.sid2)
** [[Silmarils]] (.mok)
** [[Sonic Arranger]] (.sa)
** [[Sound Images]] (.tw)
** [[Sound Master]] (.sm)
** [[Sound Programming Language]] (.spl)
** [[Soundcontrol]] (.sct)
** [[Soundfactory]] (.psf)
** [[SoundPlayer]] (.sjs)
** [[Special FX]] (.jd)
** [[Speedy System]] (.ss)
** [[Steve Barrett]] (.sb)
** [[Jason Page|Steve Turner]] (.jpo)
** [[Synth Dream]] (.sdr)
** [[Synth Pack]] (.osp)
** [[The Musical Enlightenment]] (.tme)
** [[The Player 4.x]] (.p4x)
** [[The Player 6.x]] (.p6x)
** [[Thomas Hermann]] (.thm)
** [[Wally Beben]] (.wb)
* CRI Middleware
** [[ADX]]
** [[AFS]] (container format for [[ADX]] / [[AHX (CRI)]])
** [[AHX (CRI)]]
** [[AIX]]
* [[DCS]] (ADPCM)
* [[Death Rally Archive]] (.bpa)
* [[DMSG]] (PCM 16 bit)
* [[EACS IMA ADPCM]] (.kcey)
* Electronic Arts
** [[8-Bit Sampled Voice]] (.8svx, .iff)
** [[Asylum Music Format]] (.amf, used in Crusader: No Remorse / Crusader: No Regret)
** [[Electronic Arts AS4 / ASF Music]] (.as4, .asf)
** [[Electronic Arts KSF Music]] (.ksf)
** [[Electronic Arts MUS]] (.mus)
** [[Electronic Arts SCxl]]
** [[Electronic Arts Sound Effects]] (.bnk, .crd)
** [[Electronic Arts Sound / Speech Files]] (.eas, .sph)
** [[IFF]] (Amiga 8SVX)
*** [[IFF-MAUD]]
** [[Sonix Music Driver]] (.smus)
* [[EMFF]] (ADPCM)
* Epic Megagames
** [[Epic Megagames MASI]] (.masi, .psm)
* [[Final Fantasy XI Music file]] (.bgw)
* [[FMOD Sample Bank]] (.fsb)
* [[Funcom ISS]]
* Galaxy Music System
** [[Galaxy Music System v4.0]]
** [[Galaxy Music System v5.0]] (.j2b)
* [[GCW]] (PCM 16 bit)
* [[Generic Header]] (.genh, Generic Header Creator)
* Herad Music System
** [[Herad Music System AGD]] (.agd)
** [[Herad Music System SDB]] (.sdb)
** [[Herad Music System SQX]] (.sqx)
* [[HIS]] (PCM 8 bit)
* id Software
** [[Doom MUS]]
** [[id Software DNF]] (.dnf)
** [[id Software Music Format]] (.imf)
** [[id Software WLF]] (.wlf)
* [[IMA ADPCM]] (.bar, .dvi, .hwas, .idvi, .ivaud, .myspd, .stma, .strm)
* [[Interplay ACM]] (.acm)
* [[Inverse Frequency Sound format]]
* [[iXMF]] (Interactive [[Extensible Music Format]])
* Ken Silverman
** [[Ken's Adlib Music]] (.ksm)
** [[Ken's Digital Music]] (.kdm)
** [[SM (Ken Silverman)]] (.sm)
** [[SND (Ken Silverman)]] (.snd)
* [[LOUDNESS Sound System]] (.lds)
* LucasArts
** [[LucasArts Adlib Audio]] (.laa)
** [[SCUMM]] (SCUMM)
* [[Martin Fernandez]] (.adlib)
* Microsoft
** [[0x0069]] (Xbox ADPCM)
** [[2DX]]
** [[2DX9]] (ADPCM)
** [[DE2]] (ADPCM)
** [[Xbox IMA ADPCM]] (.matx, .wavm, .wvs, .xmu, .xvas, .xwav)
* Nintendo
** [[Advanced Mario Sequencer file]] (.mss)
** [[BRSTMPSM]] (Super Paper Mario)
** [[Donkey Konga 2 DSP]] (Donkey Konga 2)
** [[Mario Paint Composer]] (MPC)
** [[Mario Sequencer file]] (.msq)
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii AAAP]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii ADP]] (Nintendo Gamecube) (.adp)
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii AFC]] (Nintendo Gamecube)
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii AGSC]] (.agsc)
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii AMTS]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii ASN]] (Nintendo Gamecube)
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii ASR]] (Nintendo Wii)
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii AST]] (Nintendo Wii sound format)
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii BNS]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii BO2]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii BRSTM]] (Nintendo Wii streaming format)
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii CAPDSP]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii CFN]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii DDSP]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii DSP]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii GCA]] (Nintendo Wii)
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii GCM]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii GSP]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii HPS]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii IDSP]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii ISD]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii ISH]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii KRAW]] (Nintendo Wii)
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii LPS]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii MPDS]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii MPDSP]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii MSS]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii MUS]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii PDT]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii SDT]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii SMP]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii SNS]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii SPD]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii SPT]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii SSM]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii STM]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii STR]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii STS]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii SWD]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii THP]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii TYDSP]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii VJDSP]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii WAS]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii WSD]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii WSI]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii YDSP]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii YMF]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii ZWDSP]]
** [[SHI]] ([http://battleofthebits.org/lyceum/View/ShroomTool ShroomTool] Instrument, used for Mario Paint instruments)
** [[SHO]] (ShroomTool, used for Mario Paint sounds)
* Origin Software
** [[Ultima 6 Music]] (.m)
* Pixel
** [[PMD (Pixel)]]
* [[Pixel Painters]] (.fmf)
* [[Ragnarok Online 2 RMP]]
* [[Shadowlands]] (.cal)
* Sierra
** [[Sierra AGI]] (Sierra AGI)
** [[Sierra SCI]] (Used in Sierra PC games)
* Sony
** [[Sony Playstation ADS]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation ASS]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation AST]]
** [[Sony Playstation BG00]]
** [[Sony Playstation BMDX]]
** [[Sony Playstation CCC]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation CNK]]
** [[Sony Playstation DXH]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation ENTH]]
** [[Sony Playstation FAG]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation FILP]]
** [[Sony Playstation FSB]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation GCM]]
** [[Sony Playstation GMS]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation HGC1]]
** [[Sony Playstation I100]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation I400]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation I80]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation IKM]]
** [[Sony Playstation ILD]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation IVB]]
** [[Sony Playstation JOE]]
** [[Sony Playstation KCES]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation KHV]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation LEG]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation MCG]]
** [[Sony Playstation MI4]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation MIB]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation MIC]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation MIH]]
** [[Sony Playstation MIHB]] (merged [[Sony Playstation MIB|MIB]] & [[Sony Playstation MIH|MIH]])
** [[Sony Playstation MSA]]
** [[Sony Playstation MSVP]]
** [[Sony Playstation MUSC]]
** [[Sony Playstation NPSF]]
** [[Sony Playstation PNB]]
** [[Sony Playstation PSH]]
** [[Sony Playstation RKV]]
** [[Sony Playstation RND]]
** [[Sony Playstation RSTM]]
** [[Sony Playstation RWS]]
** [[Sony Playstation SFS]]
** [[Sony Playstation SIR]]
** [[Sony Playstation SL3]]
** [[Sony Playstation SMPL]]
** [[Sony Playstation SND]]
** [[Sony Playstation SPU]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation STER]]
** [[Sony Playstation STH]]
** [[Sony Playstation STR]]
** [[Sony Playstation STS]]
** [[Sony Playstation SVAG]]
** [[Sony Playstation SVS]]
** [[Sony Playstation TEC]]
** [[Sony Playstation TK5]]
** [[Sony Playstation VAS]]
** [[Sony Playstation VAG]]
** [[Sony Playstation VB2]] (Playstation / PS2)
** [[Sony Playstation VGS]]
** [[Sony Playstation VIG]]
** [[Sony Playstation VPK]]
** [[Sony Playstation VS]]
** [[Sony Playstation VSF]]
** [[Sony Playstation WP2]]
** [[Sony Playstation XA2]]
** [[Sony Playstation XA30]]
** [[Sony Playstation 2 MI2]] (Sony Playstation 2)
* [[Sound Images Generation 2]] (.sig)
* [[Sound Interface System]] (.lem)
* [[STOS memory bank]] (.mbk)
* [[Unreal Music Format]] (.umx)
* Union Logic Software Publishing
** [[Vinyl Goddess From Mars Instrument Format]]
** [[Vinyl Goddess From Mars Music Format]]
* [[Unique Development Studios]] (.uds)
* [[Video Game Music]] (.vgm, .vgz)
* Westwood Studios
** [[Westwood Studios ADL]] (.adl)
** [[Westwood Studios AUD]] (.aud)
* [[Whacky Wheels]] (.klm)
* [[XMP Game Module]] (.j2b)

== Metadata formats and related data ==

* [[APE tag]]
* Cue Sheet - See [[CUE and BIN]]
* [[Exif]]
* [[ID3]]
* [[ISRC]] (International Standard Recording Code)
* [[MDZ]] - strictly not itself a music format, but a metadata file for other music files used by Open Cubic Player. See http://www.cubic.org/player/doc/node72.htm
* [[Monkey's Audio metadata]] (.apl)
* [[Vorbis comment]]

== Music trackers ==

* [[1tracker module]] (.1tm)
* [[AHX (Abyss)]] (Abyss Highest eXperience)
* [[Aley's Module]] (.alm)
* [[All Sound Tracker module]] (.ast)
* [[Amiga Module]] (.mod)
* [[AProSys module]] (.aps)
* [[Archimedes Tracker module]]
* [[Arkos Tracker]] (.aks)
* [[Art of Noise module]] (.aon)
* [[ASC Sound Master module]] (.asc)
* [[B's Pro Tracker module]] (.bpm, .bps)
* [[Beepola song]] (.bbsong)
* [[BeRoTracker module]] (.br)
* [[BoyScout Tracker module]] (.bsf)
* Brian Postma SoundMon
** [[Brian Postma SoundMon v1.x module]] (.bp)
** [[Brian Postma SoundMon v2.x & v3.x module]] (.bp3)
** [[BS]]
* Buzzic
** [[Buzzic v1.x]] (.buz)
** [[Buzzic v2.0]] (.buz2)
* Chaos Music Composer
** [[CM3]] ([[CMC]] "3/4")
** [[CMC]] (Chaos Music Composer)
** [[CMR]] ([[CMC]] "Rzog")
** [[CMS]] (Stereo Double [[CMC]])
** [[DMC]] (Double ChaosMusicComposer)
* [[Chuck Biscuits/Black Artist module]] (.cba)
* [[Coconizer module]]
* [[Composer 669 module]] (.669)
* [[craptracker ii module]] (.ct2)
* [[Custom Amiga Module]] (.cus. .custom)
* CyberTracker
** [[CyberTracker instrument]] (.ci)
** [[CyberTracker module]] (.ct)
* [[DeliTracker custom]] (.cust)
* [[DeltaMusic module]] (.dta)
* Delta Music Composer
** [[Delta Music Composer module]] (.dlt)
** [[Delta Music 2.0 module]] (.dl2)
* [[Desktop Tracker module]] (.dtt)
* DigiBooster / DigiBooster PRO
** [[DigiBooster v1.x module]] (.digi)
** [[DigiBooster PRO v2.x / DigiBooster 3 module]] (.dbm)
* [[Digital Symphony module]] (.dsym)
* Digitrakker
** [[Digitrakker instrument]] (.ist)
** [[Digitrakker module]] (.mdl)
** [[Digitrakker sample]] (.spl)
* [[DigiTrekker module]] (.dtm)
* [[Digital Tracker module]] (.dtm)
* [[DisorderTracker 2 module]] (.plm)
* [[Dual Module Player DSMI]] (.amf)
* [[Eureka Packer module]] (.eu)
* [[Extended MOD]] (.emd)
* [[Extreme's Tracker module]] (.ams)
* [[FAC Soundtracker]] (MSX, extension unknown)
* [[Face the Music module]] (.ftm)
* Famitracker
** [[FamiTracker module]] (.ftm)
** [[FamiTracker instrument]] (.fti)
* Farandole Composer
** [[Farandole Form 2.0]] (.f2r)
** [[Farandole Composer module]] (.far)
** [[Farandole Composer pattern]] (.fpt)
** [[Farandole Composer sample]] (.fsm, .usm)
* [[Fashion Tracker module]] (.ex)
* FastTracker / FastTracker 2
** [[FastTracker module]] (.ft, .ftc)
** [[Extended instrument]] (.xi)
** [[Extended Module]] (.xm)
* [[FC-M Packer module]] (.fcm)
* [[Flash Tracker module]] (.fls)
* [[Flex Tracker module]] (.flx)
* [[Fuchs Tracker]] (.fchs)
* [[FunkTracker module]] (.fnk)
* Future Composer
** [[Future Composer v1.x module]] (.fc)
* Future Composer (BSI)
** [[Future Composer (BSI) module]]
* [[Fuzzac Packer module]] (.fuzz)
* [[General Digital Music module]] (.gdm)
* [[GoatTracker module]] (.sng)
* [[Grave Composer module]] (.wow)
* Graoumf Tracker
** [[Graoumf Tracker module]] (.gtk)
** [[Graoumf Tracker 2 module]] (.gt2)
* [[Global Tracker v1.x module]] (.gtr)
* [[HeatSeeker Module Cruncher v1.0]] (.crb)
* [[Hively Tracker module]] (.hvl)
* [[Ice Tracker module]]
* [[Imago Orpheus module]] (.imf)
* Impulse Tracker
** [[Impulse Tracker module]] (.it, .itbz, .itgz, .itr, .itz)
** [[Impulse Tracker sample]] (.its)
* [[JAMCracker Pro module]] (.jam)
* klystrack
** [[klystrack instrument]] (.ki)
** [[klystrack module]] (.kt)
* [[KRIS Packer / ChipTracker module]] (.kris)
* Liquid Tracker
** [[Liquid Digitized Sample]] (.lds)
** [[Liquid Tracker module]] (.liq)
* MadTracker 2
** [[MadTracker 2 envelope]] (.mte)
** [[MadTracker 2 extension]] (.mtx)
** [[MadTracker 2 instrument]] (.mti)
** [[MadTracker 2 module]] (.mt2)
** [[MadTracker 2 pattern]] (.mtp)
** [[MadTracker 2 sample]] (.mts)
* maxYMiser
** [[maxYMiser instrument]] (.myi)
** [[maxYMiser module]] (.snd)
* [[Megatracker module]] (.mgt)
* [[MO3]] (MP3 / Vorbis compressed module)
* [[MOD Edit sample]] (.sam)
* [[Module Protector + noID]] (.mp)
* Moonblaster (MSX)
** [[Moonblaster music]] (.mbm)
** [[Moonblaster sample kit]] (.mbk)
* [[Multi Track Module]] (.mtm)
* Muse Tracker / Pornotracker
** [[Musetracker / Pornotracker instrument]] (.poi)
** [[Musetracker / Pornotracker module]] (.pom)
* Music Pro Tracker
** [[Music Pro Tracker DoublePlay]] (.mpd)
** [[Music Pro Tracker module (MD1)]] (.md1)
** [[Music Pro Tracker module (MD2)]] (.md2)
** [[Music Pro Tracker module (MPT)]] (.mpt)
* [[Nerdtracker II module]] (.ned)
* [[NesTracker module]] (.nest)
* NoisePacker
** [[NoisePacker 2.x]] (.np2)
** [[NoisePacker 3.x]] (.np3)
* [[NoiseTracker module]] (.mod)
* [[Noisetrekker module]] (.ntk)
* OctaMED
** [[OctaMED module (MED)]] (.med)
** [[OctaMED module (MMD1)]] (.mmd1)
** [[OctaMED v2.00 module]] (.med3)
** [[OctaMED v2.10 module (MED4)]] (.med4)
** [[OctaMED v2.10 module (MMD0)]] (.mmd0)
** [[OctaMED v5 module]] (.mmd2)
** [[OctaMED SS module]] (.mmd3)
* Oktalyzer
** [[Oktalyzer module]] (.okt, .okta)
* [[Onyx Music File]] (.omf)
* [[Open MODPlug Tracker module]] (.mptm)
* [[Oracle module]] (.orc)
* [[Pha Packer]] (.pha)
* PlayerPRO
** [[Extended PlayerPRO module]] (.madx)
** [[PlayerPRO module]] (.mad)
* [[Polly Tracker module]]
* [[Pro Sound Creator v1.xx]] (.psc, ZX Spectrum)
* [[Pro Sound Maker]] (.psm)
* Pro Tracker
** [[Pro Tracker v1.xx module]] (.pt1)
** [[Pro Tracker v2.xx module]] (.pt2)
** [[Pro Tracker v3.xx module]] (.pt3)
* [[Pro Tracker (MSX)]] (MSX-Music, extension unknown)
* [[Poly Tracker module]] (.ptm)
* [[Pumatracker module]] (.puma)
* [[Quadra Composer module]] (.emod)
* [[RASTER Music Tracker module]] (.rmt)
* Real Tracker
** [[Real Tracker instrument]] (.rti)
** [[Real Tracker module]] (.rtm)
** [[Real Tracker sample]] (.rts)
* [[Renoise]]
** [[Renoise|Renoise song (XRNS)]] (.xrns)
** [[Renoise|Renoise instrument (XRNS)]] (.xrni)
** [[Renoise|Renoise effect chain (XRNT)]] (.xrnt)
** [[Renoise Song (NTK)]] (.ntk)
** [[Renoise Song (PTK)]] (.ptk)
** [[Renoise Song (RNS)]] (.rns)
* [[SBStudio module]] (.pac, .son, .sou)
* SCC Blaffer NT
** [[SCC Blaffer NT music]] (.sbm, MSX)
** [[SCC Blaffer NT instrument kit]] (.sbk)
* Scream Tracker
** [[Scream Tracker Music Interface Kit module]]
** [[Scream Tracker 1 & 2 module]] (.stm)
** [[Scream Tracker 3 Adlib module]] (.as3m)
** [[Scream Tracker 3 module]] (.s3m)
** [[Scream Tracker 3 / DigiTracker sample]] (.s31)
** [[Scream Tracker 3 / DigiTracker sample]] (.smp)
* [[SoundFX module]] (.sfx, .sfx2)
* Sound Tracker
** [[Soundtracker v2.6 / Ice Tracker module]] (.mtn)
** [[SoundTracker v2.6 module]] (.st26)
** [[Sound Tracker / Super Sonic module]] (.stc)
** [[Sound Tracker Pro module]] (.stp)
* [[SoundSmith module]] (.mtp)
* Soundtrakker
** [[Soundtrakker 128 instrument]] (.ins)
** [[Soundtrakker 128 module]] (.128)
** [[Soundtrakker v1.x instrument]] (.ins)
** [[Soundtrakker v1.x module]] (.sng)
* [[SQ-Tracker module]] (.sqt)
* [[Starkos Tracker module]] (.sks)
* [[StarTrekker / Star Tracker module]] (.mod, .nt)
* [[SunVox module]] (.sunvox)
* TFMX
** [[TFMX pattern data]] (.mdat)
** [[TFMX 7V pattern data]] (.mdat)
** [[TFMX Pro pattern data]] (.mdat)
** [[TFMX sample data]] (.smpl)
* Theta Music Composer
** [[Theta Music Composer 8-channel stereo module]] (.tm8)
** [[Theta Music Composer v1.x module]] (.tmc)
** [[Theta Music Composer v2.x module]] (.tm2)
* [[Trackerpacker 3 module]] (.tp3)
* [[Ultra Tracker]] (.ult)
* [[Velvet Studio AMS v1.x module]] (.ams)
* [[VIC-TRACKER module]] (.vt)
* [[Vortex Tracker module]] (.vtx)
* X-Tracker
** [[D-Lusion Music File]] (.dmf)
** [[D-Lusion Sound File]] (.dms)

== Musical instrument control ==

* [[ELECTONE]] - For Yamaha Electone Range Electronic Organs
** [[BOO]] - Part of the [[ELECTONE]] format.
** [[EVT]] - Part of the [[ELECTONE]] format.
* MIDI & Clones
** [[Compact MIDI]]
** [[GMD]] ([[MIDI]] clone)
** [[Gravis Ultrasound patch]] (used by MIDI synthesizers)
** [[HMI]] ([[MIDI]] clone)
** [[HMP]] ([[MIDI]] clone)
** [[HMZ]] (Compressed [[MIDI]])
** [[KAR]] ([[MIDI]] Audio)
** [[MIDI]] (Musical Instrument Digital Interface)
** [[MIDS]] ([[MIDI]] clone)
** [[MIZ]] (Compressed [[MIDI]])
** [[MSS (MIDI)|MSS]] ([[MIDI]] Clone)
** [[RIFF MIDI]]
** [[Scalable Polyphony MIDI]]
** [[SFARK]] (SoundFont archive compressed file)
** [[SoundFont 1.0]]
** [[SoundFont 2.0]] (.sf2)
** [[Synthetic Music Application Format]]
** [[XMI (Extended MIDI)]]
** [[ZIPI]] (proposed MIDI replacement)
* Hardware specific
** AdLib Sound Cards
*** [[AdLib instrument]] (.ins)
*** [[AdLib instrument bank]] (.bnk)
*** [[AdLib MSCplay]] (.msc)
*** [[AdLib music]] (.mus)
*** Adlib Tracker
**** [[Adlib Tracker instrument]] (.ins)
**** [[Adlib Tracker module]] (.sng)
**** [[Adlib Tracker II instrument]] (.a2i)
**** [[Adlib Tracker II instrument|Adlib Tracker II instrument with fm-register macro]] (.a2f)
**** [[Adlib Tracker II instrument bank]] (.a2b)
**** [[Adlib Tracker II instrument bank|Adlib Tracker II instrument bank with macros]] (.a2w)
**** [[Adlib Tracker II module]] (.a2m)
**** [[Adlib Tracker II pattern]] (.a2p)
**** [[Adlib Tracker II module|Adlib Tracker II tiny module]] (.a2t)
*** [[AdLib Visual Composer / Roland Synthesizer song]] (.rol)
*** AMusic
**** [[AMusic module]] (.amd)
**** [[AMusic XMS]] (.xms)
*** [[Beni Tracker module]] (.pis)
*** [[Bob's Adlib Music]] (.bam)
*** Boom Tracker v4.0
**** [[Boom Tracker v4.0 instrument]] (.cif)
**** [[Boom Tracker v4.0 module]] (.cff)
*** [[DeFy Adlib Tracker module]] (.dtm)
*** [[Digital FM module]] (.dfm)
*** [[Drum Traker module]] (.dtl)
*** [[EdLib packed module]] (.d00)
*** [[Exotic AdLib module]] (.xad)
*** [[Extra Simple Music]] (.xsm)
*** [[Faust Music Creator module]] (.sng)
*** [[FM Tracker module]] (.fmt)
*** FM-Kingtracker
**** [[FM-Kingtracker bank]] (.fib)
**** [[FM-Kingtracker instrument]] (.fin)
**** [[FM-Kingtracker module]] (.fmk)
*** HSC AdLib Composer / HSC-Tracker
**** [[HSC AdLib Composer / HSC-Tracker module]] (.hsc)
**** [[HSC AdLib Composer / HSC-Tracker packed module]] (.hsp)
*** [[JBM Adlib Music]] (.jbl)
*** JCH
**** [[JCH-D00]] (.d00)
**** [[JCH-D01]] (.d01)
*** [[Johannes Bjerregård module]] (.jbm)
*** [[Master Tracker module]] (.mtr)
*** [[MK-Jamz audio]] (.mkj)
*** [[Mlat Adlib Tracker module]] (.mad)
*** [[MPU-401 Trakker module]] (.mtk)
*** [[Palladix module]] (.plx)
*** [[RAW (Adlib)|RAW]] (AdLib Sound Card)
*** [[Reality AdLib Tracker module]] (.rad)
*** [[SNG Player module]] (.sng)
*** Surprise! Adlib Tracker
**** [[Surprise! AdLib Tracker v1, 5, 6 module]] (.sat)
**** [[Surprise! Adlib Tracker v2.0]] (.sa2)
*** [[Twin TrackPlayer module]] (.dmo)
*** [[Vibrants module]] (.vib)
*** [[XMS-Tracker module]] (.xms)
** Akai
*** [[Akai S-series MESA multi file]] (.mlt)
*** [[Akai S-series MESA I program]] (.prg)
*** [[Akai S-series MESA II program]] (.s3p)
** [[Codisk Audio File]]
** Creative Labs
*** [[Creative Music Format]] (.cmf)
*** [[Creative Voice File]]
*** [[Sound Blaster Instrument]] (.sbi)
** [[Disney Sound Source]]
** [[DOSBox Raw OPL]] (.dro)
** [[Downloadable Sounds Banks]] (.dls)
** Gravis Ultrasound
*** [[UltraSound GF1 patch]] (.pat)
** [[Instrument Bank]] (Instrument Bank)
** [[Software Music Synthesis System]] (for 8080/Z-80 systems with S-100 bus)
** [[TRS-80 Orchestra-90]] (.orc)
** [[Voice Sequence]] (.vsq)
** Yamaha sound chips
*** [[Callus OPL Register Log]] (YM2151, .cym)
*** [[GYM]] (YM2612 / Sega Genesis)
* Software Synthesizers
** [[Farbrausch BR404 music]] (.bmf)
** [[iZotope iDrum]] (.idrum)
** Native Instruments
*** [[Native Instruments Reaktor ensemble]] (.ens)
** Steinberg VST Presets
*** [[FXB]] (Bank of presets)
*** [[FXP]] (single preset)

== Musical notation ==

* [[Drum tablature]]
* [[Guitar tablatures]]
** [[ASCII tab]] (.tab, .btab, .txt)
** [[Guitar Pro]] (.gtp)
*** [[Guitar Pro 3]] (.gp3)
*** [[Guitar Pro 4]] (.gp4)
*** [[Guitar Pro 5]] (.gp5)
*** [[Guitar Pro 6]] (.gp6)
** [[KGuitar]] (.kg)
** [[Power Tab]] (.ptb)
** [[Progression]]
** [[Rich MIDI Tablature Format]] (.rmtf)
** [[TablEdit]] (.tef)
** [[VexTab]]

* [[Musical notation]]
** [[ABC (musical notation)]]
** [[ANSI Music]]
** Capella
*** [[CAP]]
*** [[CapXML]] (.capx)
** [[ChordML]]
** Copyist
*** [[CP4]]
*** [[CP6]]
** [[Encore]] (.enc)
** [[Extensible Music Notation Markup Language]]
** [[Finale]] (.mus)
** [[Forte]] (.fnf)
** Guido
*** [[GUIDO]]
*** [[GUIDO XML]]
** JMSL
*** [[JMSL]]
*** [[JMSL Score]]
** [[JScoreML]]
** [[LilyPond]]
** [[MEI]]
** [[MHTML]]
** [[MidiXML]]
** [[minimusic]]
** [[MPEG4-SMR]]
** [[Mup]]
** [[MuseScore]]
*** [[MSC]] -(old file format)
*** [[MSCX]] - [[XML file format]]
*** [[MSCZ]] - [[GZIP]] compressed [[MSCX]]
** [[Music Description Language]]
** [[Music Markup Language]]
** [[Music Time]] (.mus)
** [[Music Time Pro]] (.mts)
** [[Musical Notation Markup Language]]
** [[MusicML]]
** [[MusicWrite]] (.mwk)
** [[MusicXML]]
** [[MusicXML compressed]] (.mxl)
** [[Musink]] (.musink)
** [[MusiqueXML]]
** [[MusiXML]]
** [[Myriad Software]] (.msf)
** [[NeumesXML]]
** [[Neuratron Photoscore Format]] (.opt)
** [[Notation Interchange File Format]]
** [[NoteAbility Pro]]
** [[Noteworthy Composer and Music Publisher]] (.nwc)
** [[NoteWriter]]
** [[Notion]]
** [[NtEd]]
** [[Overture]] (.ove)
** [[PriMus]]
** [[Rhapsody Notation Program File]] (.rhp)
** [[Rhapsody 2/3]] (RISC OS. Unrelated to the above "Rhapsody Notation Program File")
** [[Rhapsody 4]] (RISC OS, .c00)
** [[Rosegarden]] (.rg)
** [[QuickScore Elite]] (.qsd)
** [[SCORE]] (.mus)
** [[Score Perfect]] (.spp)
** [[ScoreML]]
** [[ScoreWriter]] (.scw)
** [[Sibelius]]
** [[SMDL]]
** [[SongWrite]]
** [[Studio Session Song]] (.sss)
** [[Theta]]
** [[Tilia]]
** [[VexTab]]
** [[Virtual Musician Markup Language]]
** [[WEDELMUSIC]]
** [[XMF]]
** [[XMusic]]
** [[XScore]] (eXtensible Score Language)

== Playlists, music libraries, music store downloaders ==

* [[Amazon downloader file]] (.amz)
* [[B4S]] (Winamp 3 playlist)
* [[FPL]] (foobar2000 playlist)
* [[iTunes Music Library]]
* [[Kapsule]] (Kazaa XML Manifest)
* [[KPL]] (Kazaa Playlist Format)
* [[M3U]] (Multimedia Playlist Format)
* [[MAGMA]] ([[Magnet URI]])
* [[MOD4WIN Module List]] (.mol)
* [[PLS]] (Multimedia Playlist)
* [[RAM (RealAudio)]]
* [[SMIL]] (W3C open standard)
* [[WPL]] (Windows Media Playlist)
* [[XML Sharable Playlist]]

== Programming languages and APIs (audio/music-specific) ==

* [[ChucK]] (.ck)
* [[Csound]] (.csd, .orc, .sco)
* Cycling 74 [[Max]] (.maxpat, .max)
* [[FAUST]] (.dsp)
* [[Music Macro Language]]
* Native Instruments [[Reaktor]] (.rkplr)
* [[Pure Data]] (.pd)
* [[Scala (music software)]] (.kbm, .scl, .cmd)
* [[SuperCollider]] (.scd, .sc)
* [[WaveGL]]
* [[Web Audio API]]

== Ringtones ==

* [[i Melody]]
* [[M4R]] (Apple iPhone Ringtones - see [[M4A]])
* [[Polyphonic ringtone]]
* [[RTTTL]]

== Signal processing ==

These aren't specific file formats, but generic mathematical methods used by other file formats.

* [[A-law]]
* [[ADPCM]]
* [[DPCM]]
* [[LPCM]]
* [[Pulse code modulation]]
* [[µ-law]] (u-law)

== Sound card related formats ==

* [[CMS (Creative Music System)]]

== Speech synthesis ==

* [[Speech Synthesis Markup Language]] (SSML)
* [[VoiceDescription]] (OS X)

== Unclassified (need to move to other categories) ==

* [[ACM]] (Audio Compression Manager)
* [[ADM]] (ADM Audio File)
* [[B1S]]
* [[BDSP]] (BotDetect Sound Package)
* [[BVG]]
* [[CBD2]]
* [[DSM]] (DSIK Internal)
* [[DSPW]]
* [[DTK]]
* [[FFW]]
* [[First Rate Music Hall]] (.pck, MSX-Music song editor using [[Music Macro Language]])
* [[GBTS]]
* [[GCUB]]
* [[GSB]]
* [[HLWAV]]
* [[IAB]]
* [[IADP]]
* [[INT]] (RAW File)
* [[ISWS]]
* [[JSTM]]
* [[KOVS]]
* [[MA]] (Music Assembler)
* [[MNSTR]]
* [[MSF]]
* [[MTAF]]
* [[S98]] (NEC PC-98)
* [[SD]] (ESPS sampled data file)
* [[SGI]] (Sound Generator 3.0 instrument)
* [[SNG (SCC Musixx)|SNG]] (SCC Musixx)
* [[Sound Effect Editor]] (.see, MSX)
* [[TFMX]] (TFMX)
* [[Vivaldi]] (RISC OS)

See the Open Cubic Player homepage for a list of demo formats: http://www.cubic.org/player/features.html

See also [[Piano Rolls]] (which is under the [[Physical File Formats]]).

== Links ==
* [http://boingboing.net/2013/09/20/kickstarting-free-open-record.html Kickstarting free, open recordings of Bach's "Well-Tempered Clavier, Book 1"]
* [http://mpc-hc.org/ MPC-HC: media player for Windows handling just about all video/audio formats]
* [http://boingboing.net/2013/09/27/david-byrnes-how-music-wor.html How Music Works]
* [http://www.textfiles.com/programming/FORMATS/admusfmt.pro Some discussion of "advanced music formats" from 1994]
* [http://www.textfiles.com/programming/FORMATS/audiof23.txt FAQ on audio file formats (1992-07-09)]
* [http://boingboing.net/2013/11/03/this-must-be-the-8-bit-place.html Chiptune version of Talking Heads song]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Z2vU8M6CYI Beatles 3000: humorous video of how the future might misunderstand 20th century pop culture if artifacts decay as happened in the past]
* [http://publicdomainreview.tumblr.com/post/76437123224/chaoscontrolled123-luke-and-i-were-looking-at The Music Written on This Dude's Butt]
* [http://vimeo.com/58200103 "Eye of the tiger" played on a modified dot matrix printer]
* [http://chipflip.wordpress.com/2014/03/09/a-short-history-of-hardcore-chipmusic/ A Short History of Hardcore Chipmusic]
* [https://medium.com/message/you-need-to-hear-this-extremely-rare-recording-27619411e077 You Need to Hear This Extremely Rare Recording]
* [http://www.loc.gov/preservation/resources/rfs/audio.html Library of Congress Recommended Format Specifications: Audio Works]
* [http://betaboston.com/news/2014/07/17/in-a-bid-for-more-emotional-snacking-frito-lay-patents-culinary-theme-songs/ In a bid for more emotional snacking, Frito-Lay patents culinary theme songs]
* [http://www.theverge.com/2014/8/4/5968243/mit-turns-recorded-vibrations-back-into-speech-and-music Scientists reconstruct speech through soundproof glass by watching a bag of potato chips]
* [http://www.palmbeachpost.com/ap/ap/business/apple-releases-tool-to-remove-free-u2-album/nhNG9/ Apple releases tool to remove free U2 album] (which they gave you whether you wanted it or not)
* [https://github.com/AyrA/ExcelPlayer Excel sheet that plays video and audio]
* [http://webaudio.github.io/web-audio-api/ Web Audio API (W3C)]
* [http://www.wonderingsound.com/feature/why-collecting-music-matters/ Why Collecting Matters: Citizen Archivists and the Battle for Future Pasts]
* [http://mediaarea.net/en/MediaInfo MediaInfo: software that shows metadata for audio/video files]
* [http://www.bl.uk/projects/save-our-sounds Save our Sounds]
* [http://www.davidsystems.com/#tools David Systems tools: includes online loudness analysis of sound files]
* [http://createdigitalmusic.com/2015/07/next-web-standard-music-notation/ The next Web standard could be music notation]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q_3d1x2VPxk How Oldschool Sound/Music worked] (video)
* [http://www.crutchfield.com/S-ulligiNLBZf/learn/learningcenter/home/hometheater_surround.html Understanding surround sound formats]
* [http://www.righto.com/2017/04/reverse-engineering-76477-space.html Reverse engineering the 76477 "Space Invaders" sound effect chip from die photos]

[[Category:Audio and Music| ]]